Let's start with the average numbers obtained by analyzing statistical data and based on running standards. There are four main speeds.
44 km/h
- the maximum possible running speed of a person, a speed record.
30 km/h
- the average running speed of a trained person over a short distance (100m - 400m).
20 km/h
- the average running speed of a trained person at an average distance (800m - 3km).
16 km/h
- the average running speed of a trained person over a long distance (10km - 42km).
Comment:
All conclusions are made for men, for women the speed indicators will be lower.
Table of running speeds at various distances, depending on the category of the athlete
| Distance | 3rd category speed (km/h) |
1 rank, speed (km/h) |
MSMK, speed (km/h) |
| 100m | 29 | 32,4 | 34,8 |
| 400m | 25 | 27,8 | 31,4 |
| 1000m | 20 | 23,2 | 26 |
| 3km | 17,4 | 20,2 | 22,9 |
| 10km | 16 | 18,5 | 21,2 |
| 21.1km | 15,6 | 17,7 | 20,3 |
| 42.2km | - | 16,1 | 19 |
Addition #1:
It should be noted here that these figures do not mean the average speed of a person’s running, but the average maximum speed. That is, under normal training conditions, athletes run 10-30% slower than their maximum speed (depending on the type of training). Namely, this very maximum running speed is taken into account by us in the diagram, built on the basis of sports running norms.
Addition #2:
The second remark concerns short sprint distances (100m - 400m). Here the important point is that the maximum speed is gained gradually. If we take a hundred-meter race, then the record holders will run the first segment of 10m in 1.83s, which is only 19.6 km / h. The second segment (10m-20m) is already in 1.03s - and this is already 35.1km / h. Approximately by the fifth - seventh segments (50m-70m), the record holders reach their maximum running speed.
Some conclusions from the table with the diagram:
1. 44km/h- the fastest running speed ever recorded. The owner of this record is Usain Bolt - in 2009 he ran a hundred meters in 9.58 seconds (average 37 km / h, and he developed a peak speed of 43.9 km / h to 60-70 meters). And this is running in ideal conditions, and at a very short distance.
2. Even elite athletes cannot run faster than 44km/h.
3. The vast majority of trained people are able to run at speed 20km/h but not more than one kilometer.
4. The average speed of a trained person in long-distance running (10km, 21km, 42km) will be about 15-18km/h. Elite athletes run faster: 19-21km/h.
Human
can't fly
Maximum jump length human- less than 9 meters.
The bats fly slower than birds, however, according to some reports, some of their species can develop more speed than the 23 kilometers per hour indicated here. Yes, American Tadarida brasiliensis, reportedly can fly at speeds of 70 km/h or more.
A person cannot follow the movements of the wings of a bat, because in the time it takes for us to perceive one “frame”, she manages to wave them more than 10 times.
A bicycle or muscle plane is a rather exotic form of transport, but there are already several dozen models of such machines. The first one was built in 1979.
To carry its pilot, a bicycle plane must have a wingspan of about 30 meters, and at the same time weigh only 30–40 kilograms. It is clear that such a design turns out to be quite expensive and not very reliable and manageable - therefore, commercial models of bicycle aircraft do not exist.
The distance record on a bicycle plane is only 115 kilometers. This achievement belongs to the cyclist Kanellos Kanellopoulos , 14 times Greek champion. On April 23, 1988, following the legendary Daedalus, he flew from Crete to the island of Santorini on the Daedalus bicycle plane, created by students and staff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); The flight took just under 4 hours.
The official speed record for bicycle planes (in flight along a closed trajectory) was set in 1985 in Germany on Musculair II: 44.26 km / h.
needle-tailed swift
Holland - traditionally occupies a leading position in the world in terms of the number of trained world-class players. Did you know that 30 years ago there were running coaches in Dutch clubs? Not for physical training or rehabilitation, but for coaches who teach footballers how to run correctly. Specialists of this profile are still a unique phenomenon for Russia.
The coach of "Chertanovo" Roman Skulkin, among whose pupils are European champions among youths born in 1996, in the book "Football Theater - from a Fan and an Agent to the President", explains the reasons why the advantage of foreign teams over ours is often striking in speed. He also talks about the qualities that, together with the ability to hit accurately and correctly assess the situation on the field, distinguish world-class masters.
Does football need athletics coaches?
- For the importance of the aspect of running work, I will give the thesis: "headless horsemen are not needed in football." Sometimes this is jokingly called football players with breakneck speed, but with poor technique and no thinking. But every player has reserves. But first, I will briefly tell about myself so that the reader understands on what grounds I draw conclusions and why I consider some popular football stereotypes to be a delusion.
Starting work in a new sport for me, I proceeded from the fact that football and athletics are united by running. But the deeper I got acquainted with football, the more often I came across nuances. I realized that the track and field training of football players, and indeed of all gamers, is very specific. Therefore, by the way, in general, I am skeptical about inviting athletics specialists to football teams who use methods familiar to their sport. Exercises must correspond to the motor requirements of football. Indeed, in the game you constantly need to change direction, brake sharply, then explode again, while still working with the ball and controlling the situation on the field.
It took me more than 6 years to create my system of training in running technique. And this system is constantly being improved. I will give the main theses that formed the basis of special exercises.
The better the player's running technique, the faster and more efficient all his movement. For a better understanding, I propose to refer to the usual football example. During the match, the players spend only a couple of minutes with the ball - the rest of the time they run. At an average pace, in jerks, with a sharp change in direction, in many variations. And how technically correct a football player runs, how economically he distributes his forces, depends on the efficiency of working with the ball, the ability to maintain concentration and control the situation on the field. And our players are often not enough for the whole game.
In football, the ability to get ahead of an opponent at a short distance often determines the result. Even one correctly made step or jump can become victorious in an episode, and possibly in a game. But just as often, we see that when receiving the ball after a long run, the player is no longer able to play the episode to the end - to accelerate sharply and enter the shock position. Fans at such moments are surprised - how could such a great master so mediocrely dispose of a chance ?! This is the most important reserve of a football player's training - the more technical and economical all his movements are, the more effective he will be with the ball throughout the match.
The second most important thesis is that running technique determines sports longevity. The more correct the technique, the less the load on the joints and spine.
Why is Bale there and we are here
In addition, people are skeptical about such a deep study of running work. High speed and dexterous work with the ball of top players are often written off as talent. It’s easier to say: “Yes, he was born that way.” Although my experience and observation of world-class stars convince me that high movement technique is one of the qualities that distinguish top-level masters from just good players. I also judge the lack of such work in football schools by the children who come to see us. Looking at them, I understand that they did not even try to set the technique of movements. And although there are "explosive" boys, but "running in place" does not allow them to open up completely. It's like putting square wheels on a Formula 1 car. The car will never go “fast” with them. That's why we lose dozens of talented players every year.
A clear example of the importance of this aspect of preparation is Gareth Bale. Take a closer look at his running technique - how easy, relaxed and at the same time powerfully the Welshman moves. This allows him to confidently control the ball even at the highest speed and “explode” at any moment. Therefore, when we asked the question during the European Championship - “why did Bale fly away from our players, as from standing ones”, it was enough to compare the run of the Real star with Russian football players. The speed of the Welshman in the game episode reaches 40 kilometers per hour, and he runs across the lawn. For a better understanding, I note that Usain Bolt accelerates to 44. Now compare with the performance of our players, the speed ranges between 28-31 km / h ...
I emphasize that the top masters are also distinguished by the top technique of movements. Yes, not everyone can reach the level of the same Bale or Lionel Messi who, according to the analysis of American experts, accelerated with the ball to a speed of 37 kilometers per hour in his famous “run”. But every player has a reserve!
Text: Maxim Mikhalko, Alexey Safonov
A photo: Sergey Dronyaev, Global Look Press
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1 kilometer per hour [km/h] = 0.277777777777778 meter per second [m/s]
Initial value
Converted value
meter per second meter per hour meter per minute kilometer per hour kilometer per minute kilometers per second centimeter per hour centimeter per minute centimeter per second millimeter per hour millimeter per minute millimeter per second foot per hour foot per minute foot per second yard per hour yard per minute yard per second mile per hour mile per minute mile per second knot knot (Brit.) speed of light in vacuum first space velocity second space velocity third space velocity earth's rotation speed sound speed in fresh water sound speed in sea water (20°C, depth 10 meters) Mach number (20°C, 1 atm) Mach number (SI standard)
More about speed
General information
Speed is a measure of the distance traveled in a given time. Velocity can be a scalar quantity or a vector value - the direction of motion is taken into account. The speed of movement in a straight line is called linear, and in a circle - angular.
Speed measurement
average speed v find by dividing the total distance traveled ∆ x for the total time ∆ t: v = ∆x/∆t.
In the SI system, speed is measured in meters per second. Also commonly used are kilometers per hour in the metric system and miles per hour in the US and UK. When, in addition to the magnitude, the direction is also indicated, for example, 10 meters per second to the north, then we are talking about vector speed.
The speed of bodies moving with acceleration can be found using the formulas:
- a, with initial speed u during the period ∆ t, has a final speed v = u + a×∆ t.
- A body moving with constant acceleration a, with initial speed u and final speed v, has an average speed ∆ v = (u + v)/2.
Average speeds
The speed of light and sound
According to the theory of relativity, the speed of light in a vacuum is the highest speed at which energy and information can travel. It is denoted by the constant c and equal to c= 299,792,458 meters per second. Matter cannot move at the speed of light because it would require an infinite amount of energy, which is impossible.
The speed of sound is usually measured in an elastic medium and is 343.2 meters per second in dry air at 20°C. The speed of sound is lowest in gases and highest in solids. It depends on the density, elasticity, and shear modulus of the substance (which indicates the degree of deformation of the substance under shear loading). Mach number M is the ratio of the speed of a body in a liquid or gas medium to the speed of sound in this medium. It can be calculated using the formula:
M = v/a,
where a is the speed of sound in the medium, and v is the speed of the body. The Mach number is commonly used in determining speeds close to the speed of sound, such as aircraft speeds. This value is not constant; it depends on the state of the medium, which, in turn, depends on pressure and temperature. Supersonic speed - speed exceeding 1 Mach.
Vehicle speed
Below are some vehicle speeds.
- Passenger aircraft with turbofan engines: the cruising speed of passenger aircraft is from 244 to 257 meters per second, which corresponds to 878–926 kilometers per hour or M = 0.83–0.87.
- High-speed trains (like the Shinkansen in Japan): These trains reach top speeds of 36 to 122 meters per second, i.e. 130 to 440 kilometers per hour.
animal speed
The maximum speeds of some animals are approximately equal:
human speed
- Humans walk at about 1.4 meters per second, or 5 kilometers per hour, and run at up to about 8.3 meters per second, or up to 30 kilometers per hour.
Examples of different speeds
four dimensional speed
In classical mechanics, the vector velocity is measured in three-dimensional space. According to the special theory of relativity, space is four-dimensional, and the fourth dimension, space-time, is also taken into account in the measurement of speed. This speed is called four-dimensional speed. Its direction may change, but the magnitude is constant and equal to c, which is the speed of light. Four-dimensional speed is defined as
U = ∂x/∂τ,
where x represents the world line - a curve in space-time along which the body moves, and τ - "proper time", equal to the interval along the world line.
group speed
Group velocity is the velocity of wave propagation, which describes the propagation velocity of a group of waves and determines the velocity of wave energy transfer. It can be calculated as ∂ ω /∂k, where k is the wave number, and ω - angular frequency. K measured in radians / meter, and the scalar frequency of wave oscillations ω - in radians per second.
Hypersonic speed
Hypersonic speed is a speed exceeding 3000 meters per second, that is, many times higher than the speed of sound. Solid bodies moving at such a speed acquire the properties of liquids, because due to inertia, the loads in this state are stronger than the forces holding the molecules of a substance together during a collision with other bodies. At ultra-high hypersonic speeds, two colliding solid bodies turn into gas. In space, bodies move at precisely this speed, and engineers designing spacecraft, orbital stations, and spacesuits must take into account the possibility of a station or astronaut colliding with space debris and other objects when working in outer space. In such a collision, the skin of the spacecraft and the suit suffer. Equipment designers are conducting hypersonic collision experiments in special laboratories to determine how strong impact suits can withstand, as well as skins and other parts of the spacecraft, such as fuel tanks and solar panels, testing them for strength. To do this, spacesuits and skin are subjected to impacts by various objects from a special installation with supersonic speeds exceeding 7500 meters per second.