b) Athlete engineers In the mid-1930s. the engineer's leisure had to be not only "cultural", but also "sports". "Why doesn't an engineer play sports?" - asked the newspaper Narkomtyazhprom in May 1935 and complained that no one still cares about engineering sports.

Today, the Republic of Dagestan is one of the leading sports regions of the country, a center for training a sports reserve for the Russian national teams in martial arts, as evidenced by the achievements of Dagestan athletes achieved at the championships and championships of Russia, Europe and the world, and, in particular, at the Olympic Games over the past decades. The countdown of the performances of Dagestan athletes at these major four-year competitions begins in 1960. 62 athletes participated in them, 11 of which represented foreign countries. During this time they won 21 gold, 14 silver and 11 bronze medals. Our compatriots made a particularly significant contribution to the history of world sports at the last three Olympics, where they won 16 medals of various denominations. And these results were on the rise. If in Sydney and Athens they had three gold medals each, then in Beijing and London - one more. Pupils of the Dagestan school of freestyle wrestling and boxing, representing other states, brought glory to such powers as Turkey, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Macedonia, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Now Dagestan has been given priorities in four sports disciplines - freestyle wrestling, boxing, judo and taekwondo, where we are leaders in Russia, and where we are being relied upon to train high-class masters - future Olympians. In the last two decades, oriental martial arts have been actively developing in the republic. In kickboxing, Thai boxing, wushu-sanda, karate, our athletes are unmatched not only in Russia, but also far beyond its borders. In fights without rules, mixed martial arts, Dagestan fighters are the best in the world sports qualifications and ratings, almost no more or less significant tournament on the planet can do without them. And there is not a single day that the all-Russian TV channel "Boets", broadcasting around the clock, does not show fights and fights with the participation of Dagestan athletes, who, as a rule, set the tone in any of these sports. All these achievements and successes did not come by chance. Dagestan has been famous for its heroes and physically healthy people since ancient times, strength and dexterity have always been valued here. Highlanders, who were pursued by endless wars and conflicts for several centuries, under the most difficult trials in work and life, had to get used to any changes in the social system, be ready to repulse the enemy, adapt to harsh climatic conditions. In a word, the harsh reality forced our ancestors to survive, where there was nothing without physical hardening, skill and ability to win, and to think how to save their lives, the lives of their loved ones and relatives. This gene pool, laid down by dozens of generations of people, continues to affect to this day. The ability to stand up for oneself, the ability to get the better of an opponent, the ability to fight to the end - this is in the blood of today's generation of Dagestanis, this is how they differ from those who want to fight them with forces in the country and abroad. In the late 1950s, freestyle wrestling began to develop rapidly in the republic. Before that, Greco-Roman wrestling and sambo were popular with us, but with the advent of Ali Aliyev, the priorities changed. In 1959, yesterday's first-class player, a guy from the village of Chokh, unexpectedly for many specialists, conquered the USSR and world championships, and after the future star of the first magnitude, thousands and thousands of boys came to the sports sections, wanting to repeat the path of their idol. Ali Aliyev was the first on the planet to be awarded the title of a five-time world champion, he won the USSR championships nine times, became a prominent specialist in the field of medicine, chairman of the State Sports Committee of the Republic of Dagestan. As a sign of respect for his sporting exploits, by the decision of the International Amateur Wrestling Federation (FILA), a monument to Ali Aliyev was erected at the headquarters in Lausanne (Switzerland). For more than 50 years, Dagestan has been a forge of freestyle wrestling personnel known throughout the planet. The Republic gave the world 21 champions of the Olympic, Paralympic and Deaflympics, 61 winners of world championships and championships, 91 winners of championships and European championships. In March 2011, the World Cup in freestyle wrestling was held in the beautiful Ali Aliyev Sports Palace in the city of Kaspiysk, which today is one of the best in the North Caucasus Federal District. According to experts, the World Cup in Dagestan was recognized as the best tournament in terms of organization throughout the entire period of this event. Two major international freestyle wrestling tournaments are held annually in Dagestan, in Makhachkala in memory of Ali Aliyev, who dates back to 1970, and in Khasavyurt, where the Shamil Umakhanov memorial was held 14 times, which grew into the Intercontinental Cup in freestyle wrestling, in which the fifth the most titled athletes from near and far abroad come together for a year in a row. Dagestan is also known as a center for the development of boxing. A whole galaxy of outstanding masters of the leather glove has been trained in our republic, but the example of Nurmagomed Shanavazov - the best boxer in Europe in 1985, the winner of the Goodwill Games-86, the silver medalist of the Olympics-88 in Seoul, attracted many people who wanted to practice these sports to the ring. But it took another 15 long years to make it clear how strong our position in the world ranking table is and how far we have moved forward in order to declare ourselves at the top of our voices. At the turn of the twentieth century in 2000, three Dagestanis defended the colors of the national team at the Olympics in Sydney. Two of them - Gaidarbek Gaidarbekov and Sultan Ibragimov - were awarded silver medals, and Kamil Jamaludinov won a bronze medal. Four years later, in Athens, Gaidarbek Gaidarbekov for the first time from Dagestan boxers climbed the gold Olympic podium. Then there were three more first places at the European Championships in Sofia Ali Aliyev, Albert Selimov, Artur Beterbiev, the titles of the world's strongest athletes Timur Gaydalov, Sultan Ibragimov, Albert Selimov and Artur Beterbiev and recognition of Beterbiev as the best boxer in Europe and the world in 2010. Currently, Dagestan boxers continue to shine not only in the amateur ring, but also among professionals. A series of brilliant victories among heavyweights marked Sultan Ibragimov, who became the world champion among the luminaries of the leather glove according to the WBO (2007-2008). In his footsteps follow Magomed Abdusalamov, who knocked out opponents 18 times in 18 fights, and Khabib Allahverdiev, who became the IBO and WBA world champion among professionals. Girls follow in the footsteps of men. Aizanat Hajiyeva from the village of Sulak became the first mountain girl to try on a bronze medal at the World Championships. Her compatriot Elena Vystropova was the first in the national championship. In October 2010, the Dagestan athlete Saida Gamidova from the village of Pervomaiskoye, Kayakent region, returned from France from the European Championship among juniors with the highest award of the tournament. The winning tradition in women's boxing was continued by Magomedalieva Zenfira, who became the champion, and Abdulaeva Saadat, who became the silver medalist of the 2013 Russian Championship. Since the 70s, since the time of Abdul Barkalaev, the champion of the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR, judo has received a wide registration in Dagestan. We had champions and medalists of the USSR and Russia, winners of many international tournaments, participants in the Olympics. Magomed Jafarov, the champion of the World Universiade, the owner of the bronze medal of the World Championship, was the first of the Dagestanis to break into the world judo elite. But others did not keep pace with our individual tatami stars, there was no consistency in the preparation of the qualification reserve. Now these barriers have been removed. The good work of the Makhachkala, Kizilyurt and Derbent coaches in recent years has yielded tangible results. We have the first European champion of 2010 Sirazhudin Magomedov. The country's national judo teams include nine people. The head coach of the Russian national team Enzo Gamba visited our republic on the eve of the XXX Summer Olympic Games in 2012, after which he said that the Dagestanis were ready to compete at the Olympics and perhaps not even one athlete, but several, as evidenced by the ever-increasing skill of Dagestan judokas. His words became prophetic at the 2012 Olympic Games in London, two Dagestan athletes Tagir Khaibulaev and Mansur Isaev won gold medals. Recently, more and more opportunities have been opening up for representatives of taekwondo of the republic. Once this type of martial arts was not included in the Olympic discipline, but with its inclusion in the program of the Games in 2004, it began to develop rapidly around the world. Russia was no exception, where this sport is successfully cultivated in 67 regions. From the day of the birth of taekwondo in their native Fatherland, Dagestan athletes have taken to the forefront, which they are not going to cede to anyone to this day. We have excellent coaching staff, experienced athletes are in the ranks, a worthy replacement for well-known masters is being prepared. In Dagestan, the most titled master of the country, Seifulla Magomedov, was trained - a two-time winner of the world championships and a four-time European champion. So far, his result is the best among all Russian taekwondo athletes. Today the Russian national team is one of the strongest in Europe. However, things are not going well for her at the World Championships and the Olympic Games, we are inferior to a number of states in many respects. Perhaps the time has come for the young, who could squeeze the stars of the first magnitude on the sports Olympus. Aliaskhab Sirazhev is such a bright talent now, who at the age of 16 became a two-time winner of the youth championship of Russia and the best in Europe, a silver medalist of the world championship among juniors. The last success of the Dagestani is the second place at the first Youth Olympic Games in Singapore. And also Gadzhi Umarov, who is the champion of Russia in 2012, the silver medalist of the World Olympic qualifying qualifying tournament, which allowed him to become a participant in the Summer Olympic Games in London. Armwrestling is another sport where the outstanding achievements of our strongmen, who have dominated the world among armwrestling masters, are breathtaking. Just think: 59 world champions and 34 European champions have been trained only in Dagestan! And all this is thanks to the unique school created by its creator, the outstanding coach Gasan Alibekov. Our famous mentor was twice recognized as the best coach in the world, dozens of his pupils continue the work of their teacher, supporting and strengthening the glory of Russian and Dagestan armwrestling. Armwrestling fans in our country and abroad are well aware of our fellow countrymen, multiple world and European champions. A new round of football revival arose in 2010 after FC Anji won the right to participate in the Premier League of domestic football. Ten years ago, the leading club of the republic entered the top four teams in the country, a year later it participated in the Russian Cup final and played in the UEFA Cup. However, those conditions were not supported either materially or organizationally. In essence, since 2003, FC Anji has again started the struggle to enter the elite of Russian football and achieved its goal. Today the club is going through far from the best of times, only at the finish of the championship it managed to retain the right to play in the top division of Russian football in the new season. Realizing that the level of progress of this game does not correspond to its current state in the country, a program for the development of football until 2020 has been adopted in the republic. It provides for many measures to support FC Anji, improve the material and technical base of football, expand the geography and develop the mass character of the most popular sport in the world. The first step in this regard was the construction and commissioning of a sports center in Kaspiysk and the creation on its basis in 2013 of the School of the Olympic reserve for football, in which 60 young football players study and improve their skills. Taking into account the existing sports bases in Makhachkala, Khasavyurt, Kaspiysk and other regions and cities of the republic, where work has been organized with the preparation of a reserve for teams of masters, there is hope that the new center will provide even more replenishment of high-class masters to the best clubs in Dagestan. Returning to the topic of the development of martial arts, more precisely, to Thai boxing, wushu-sanda, kickboxing, karate, armwrestling, sambo, MMA (mixed martial arts) over two decades, 396 gold medals were won at the Russian championships, Dagestanis returned home 48 times from the European championships victorious tournaments, at the world championships 61 times the athletes climbed to the highest step of the podium. These achievements were not forged in modern complexes or specialized halls, but practically from scratch - in adapted premises, basements, school gyms. However, these problems are typical for the entire sports movement in Dagestan. In terms of the number of sports facilities, the republic lags far behind other regions of the country: we have two times less of them than in the vast majority of Russian districts. And only in the last 10 years, a large-scale development of sports infrastructure has begun in the mountainous region, 129 facilities built within the framework of republican targeted programs and extrabudgetary funds have been put into operation. Such active construction of sports facilities in the southernmost region of Russia has not been observed for the last 20 years. A special place in terms of scale and significance among them is occupied by the Palace of Sports. A. Aliyev in the city of Kaspiysk for 5500 seats, the stadium "Trud" in the city of Makhachkala, sports complexes in the village of Khunzakh, Majalis, Levashi, Mekegi, Karabudakhkent, Babayurt, Buglen, Urada, Burgimak, Sogratl, Tsuribe, Khosrekh, Gergebil, the cities of Khasavyurt, Kizilyurt. The most important task of the ongoing state policy is to strengthen the health of the population by means of physical culture and the development of mass sports among all categories of citizens. In this regard, much is being done in the republic, but much more remains to be done. So, at the beginning of 2010, there were 205 thousand people actively involved in physical culture, or about 7.6 percent of the total population of the republic. At present, as of December 31, 2013, the number of systematically engaged is 13.0%. The industry is facing the challenge of bringing this figure to 26% by 2020. In addition, the draft republican target program "Development of mass physical culture and sports in the Republic of Dagestan for 2014-2020" plans to build 81 sports and recreation centers and reconstruct 13 sports facilities, purchase 1,500 sports towns, and build 20 football fields with artificial turf. Strengthening the material and technical base of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Dagestan will create an effective system for managing the development of physical culture and sports in the republic, improve the legal and regulatory framework, promote the development of mass physical culture and sports, elite sports and the training of a sports reserve. In a word, Dagestan has even more opportunities ahead. The revival of the economy, the improvement of social living conditions, the strengthening of national mutual understanding will give even more chances to further elevate the sports glory of the republic and create conditions for introducing the population to a healthy lifestyle.

Compiled the top 5 rating of the most "wrestling" peoples of the world. When creating the list, Mongolian specialists proceeded from the number of champions among each nation, the antiquity of wrestling traditions, and the popularity of wrestling among young people. In the first place, the Mongols placed themselves - in these countries, centuries-old traditions of freestyle wrestling, sumo and other types of wrestling sports are developed.

But the Mongolian athletes gave the second place to the Dagestanis. As it turned out, in Mongolia they never cease to admire the skill of the Dagestan wrestlers.

It is not for nothing that they say in Dagestan "Throw a stone into the crowd - you will become a master of sports, throw two stones - you will become a European champion, throw a handful of stones - you will become an Olympic champion," - this land has raised many wrestling champions, writes ARD.

Dagestan, as the newspaper notes, overtakes all regions of the world in terms of the number of gold medals at the world championships, wrestlers from this mountainous republic have already brought 43 medals of the highest standard to the sports “piggy bank” of the republic.

Dagestan heroes have always been held in high esteem, the most famous of them can be considered Mammu Makhtulaev, better known under the pseudonym Sali-Suleiman. It was not for nothing that he was called "The Invincible Lion of Dagestan", he even brought the fight to a draw with Ivan Poddubny himself, who was a friend of the Caucasian wrestler. Dagestan "freestyle wrestlers" seriously declared themselves in the middle of the last century, when Surakat Asiyatilov rose to the highest step of the podium of the absolute championship of the USSR. And now the Dagestan wrestler Khabib Nurmagomedov is one of the strongest fighters in the world.

The Mongolian site gave the third place to another Caucasian people - the Ossetians.

- "Freestyle wrestlers" of North Ossetia entered the wrestling Olympus in the middle of the 20th century. Since 1952, they have become the strongest in the championships of the RSFSR six times in a row, - notes ARD. - The most famous Ossetian wrestler is Kanukov Temirbolat Dudarikoevich. His height was 2 meters 28 centimeters, and his weight was 220 kilograms.

In North Ossetia, the newspaper recalls, there is also a village included in the Guinness Book of Records - Nogir. From here came three Olympic champions, Khadzhimurat Gatsalov, Alan Khugaev, David Musulbes. Another athlete from North Ossetia, Artur Taymazov, climbed the "golden" podium three times. To date, the total number of world and Olympic champions in wrestling from Ossetia is more than 60 people.

Two more nations included in the list of "wrestlers" according to ARD journalists are Azerbaijanis and Iranians. Wrestling traditions are also strong here, and champions from these countries often win medals at international competitions.