Lena, length, km - 4320, basin area, thousand sq. km - 2418
Yenisei (with Biy-Khem), length, km - 4012, basin area, thousand sq. km - 2707
Ob (with Katun), length, km - 4070, basin area, thousand sq. km - 2425
Volga, length, km - 3690, basin area, thousand square meters km - 1380
Amur (with Shilka and Onon), length, km, basin area, thousand square meters km - 2824
Ural, length, km - 2530, basin area, thousand square meters km - 220
Kolyma, length, km - 2150, basin area, thousand square meters km - 644
Don, length, km - 1950, basin area, thousand sq. km - 422
Indigirka, length, km - 1790, basin area, thousand square meters km - 360
Pechora, length, km - 1790, basin area, thousand square meters km - 327
Northern Dvina (with Sukhona), length, km - 1300, basin area, thousand sq. km - 411
Yana (with Dulgalakh), length, km - 1070, basin area, thousand sq. km - 318
Selenga (with Ider), length, km - 1020, basin area, thousand sq. km - 445
Mezen, length, km - 966, basin area, thousand square meters km - 76
Kuban, length, km - 906, basin area, thousand square meters km - 51
Terek, length, km - 626, basin area, thousand sq. km - 44
Onega, length, km - 416, basin area, thousand square meters. km - 58
Neva, length, km - 74, basin area, thousand sq. km - 282
List of the largest lakes in Russia:
Caspian Sea, area in sq. km - 376,000, the greatest depth, in meters - 1,025
Lake Baikal, area in sq. km - 31,500, the greatest depth, in meters - 1,620
Lake Ladoga, area in sq. km - 17,700, the greatest depth, in meters - 230
Lake Onega, area in sq. km - 9 690, the greatest depth, in meters - 127
Lake Taimyr, area in sq. km - 4 560, the greatest depth, in meters - 26
Lake Khanka, area in sq. km - 4 190, the greatest depth, in meters - 11
Lake Chany, area in sq. km - 1 708-2 269, the greatest depth, in meters - up to 10
White Lake, area in sq. km - 1,290, maximum depth, in meters - 6
Topozero, area in sq. km - 986, the greatest depth, in meters - 56
Lake Ilmen, area in sq. km - 982, the greatest depth, in meters - up to 10
Lake Imandra, area in sq. km - 876, the greatest depth, in meters - 67
Khantayskoye Lake, area in sq. km - 822, the greatest depth, in meters - 420
Segozero, area in sq. km - 815, the greatest depth, in meters - 97
Kulundinskoye Lake, area in sq. km - 728, the greatest depth, in meters - 4
Teletskoye Lake, area in sq. km - 223, the greatest depth, in meters - 325
Chudsko-Pskovskoye Lake, area in sq. km - 3 550, the greatest depth, in meters - 15
Lake Baikal is a unique source of fresh water. The volume of water in Baikal is about 23 thousand cubic kilometers, which is 20% of the world and 90% of Russian fresh water reserves. If there were no other sources of fresh water on Earth, then thanks to Baikal, the inhabitants of our planet could live for about 40 years.
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Russia is the largest state in the world (its area is 17.12 million km 2, which is 12% of the earth's land), about 3 million rivers flow through its territory. Most are no different large sizes and has a relatively short length, their total length is 6.5 million km.
By the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea, the territory of Russia is divided into European and Asian parts. The rivers of the European part belong to the basins of such seas as the Black and Caspian, Baltic and to the basin of the Arctic Ocean. The rivers of the Asian part - the basins of the Arctic and Pacific Oceans.
Major rivers of Russia
The largest rivers of the European part are the Volga, Don, Oka, Kama, Northern Dvina, some originate in Russia, but flow into the seas on the territory of other countries (for example, the source of the Western Dvina River is the Valdai Upland, the Tver Region of the Russian Federation, the mouth is the Gulf of Riga, Latvia). Such rivers flow through the Asian part, differing large size like the Ob, Yenisei, Irtysh, Angara, Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma.
The Lena River, 4400 km long, is one of the longest rivers on our planet (7th place in the world), its sources are located near the deep-water freshwater lake Baikal in Central Siberia.
The area of its basin is 2490 thousand km². It has a western direction of flow, reaching the city of Yakutsk, it changes its direction to the north. Forming a huge delta at the mouth (its area is 32 thousand km 2), which is the largest in the Arctic, the Lena flows into the Laptev Sea, the basin of the Arctic Ocean. The river is the main transport artery of Yakutia, its largest tributaries are the Aldan, Vitim, Vilyui, Olekma rivers...
The Ob River passes through the territory of Western Siberia, its length is 3650 km, together with the Irtysh it forms a river system 5410 km long, and this is the sixth largest in the world. The area of the Ob river basin is 2990 thousand km².
It starts in the Altai Mountains, at the headwaters of the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers, in the southern part of Novosibirsk, the constructed dam forms a reservoir, the so-called "Ob Sea", then the river flows through the Gulf of Ob (area of more than 4 thousand km²) into the Kara Sea, basin of the Arctic Ocean. The water in the river is characterized by a high content of organic matter and a low content of oxygen. It is used for commercial fish production (valuable species - sturgeon, sterlet, nelma, muksun, broad whitefish, whitefish, peled, as well as partial species - pike, ide, burbot, dace, roach, crucian carp, perch), power generation (Novosibirskaya HPP on the Ob, Bukhtarma and Ust-Kamenogorsk on the Irtysh), shipping ...
The length of the Yenisei River is 3487 km, it flows through the territory of Siberia, dividing it into the Western and Eastern parts. The Yenisei is one of the largest rivers in the world, together with its tributaries the Angara, the Selenga and the Ider, it forms a large river system 5238 km long, with a basin area of 2580 thousand km².
The river begins in the Khangai Mountains, on the Ider River (Mongolia), flows into the Kara Sea of the Arctic Ocean basin. The river itself is called the Yenisei near the city of Kyzyl (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Tuva), where the Big and Small Yenisei rivers merge. It has a large number of tributaries (up to 500), about 30 thousand km long, the largest ones: Angara, Abakan, Lower Tunguska. Kureika. Dudinka and others. The river is navigable, it is one of the most important waterways in the Krasnoyarsk Territory of Russia, such large hydroelectric power stations as Sayano-Shushenskaya, Mainskaya, Krasnoyarskaya are located downstream, timber is rafted on rafts ...
The Amur River, 2824 km long, with a basin area of 1855 thousand km², flows through Russia (54%), China (44.2%) and Mongolia (1.8%). Its origins are in the mountains of western Manchuria (China), at the confluence of the Shilka and Argun rivers. The current has an easterly orientation and passes through the territory of the Far East, starting at the Russian-Chinese border, its mouth is located in the Tatar Bay (its northern part is called the Amur Estuary) of the Sea of Okhotsk, which belongs to the basin of the Arctic Ocean. Large tributaries: Zeya, Bureya, Ussuri, Anyui, Sungari, Amgun.
The river is characterized by sharp fluctuations in the water level, which is caused by summer and autumn monsoon precipitation, with heavy showers, a wide flood of water up to 25 km is possible, which lasts up to two months. The Amur is used for navigation, large hydroelectric power stations (Zeyskaya, Bureyskaya) have been built here, commercial fisheries have been developed (the Amur has the most developed ichthyofauna among all the rivers of Russia, about 140 species of fish live here, 39 species of them are commercial) ...
One of the most famous rivers flowing in the European part of Russia, for which the words from the song are composed "tofolk race, like a full-flowing sea» - Volga. Its length is 3530 km, the basin area is 1360 thousand km² (1/3 of the entire European part of Russia), most of it passes through the territory of Russia (99.8%), the smaller part - Kazakhstan (0.2%).
This is one of the largest rivers in Russia and throughout Europe. Its origins are on the Valdai plateau in the Tver region, it flows into the Caspian Sea, forming a delta, along the way receiving water from more than two hundred tributaries, the most significant of them is the left tributary of the Volga, the Kama River. The area around the riverbed (15 subjects are located here Russian Federation) is called the Volga region, four large millionaire cities are located here: Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara and Volgograd, 8 hydroelectric power stations of the Volga-Kama cascade ...
The Ural River, 2428 km long (third place in Europe after the Volga and Danube) and with a basin area of 2310 thousand km², is unique in that it divides the mainland of Eurasia into two parts of the world, Asia and Europe, therefore one of its banks lies in Europe, the other - in Asia.
The river flows through the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan, begins on the slopes of Uraltau (Bashkortostan), flows from north to south, then changes direction several times to the west, then to the south, then to the east, forms an estuary with branches and flows into the Caspian. For navigation, the Urals are used to a small extent, in the Orenburg region, the Iriklinskoe reservoir and hydroelectric power station were built on the river, commercial fishing is carried out (sturgeon, roach, bream, pike perch, carp, asp, catfish, Caspian salmon, sterlet, nelma, kutum) ...
The Don River is one of the largest rivers in the European part of Russia, its length is 1870 km, the basin area is 422 thousand km², it is the fourth in Europe after the Volga, Dnieper and Danube in terms of water throughput.
This river is one of the most ancient, its age is 23 million years, the sources are in small town Novomoskovsk (Tula region), here begins the small river Urvanka, which gradually grows and absorbs the water of other tributaries (there are about 5 thousand of them) spills into a wide channel and flows over large areas of southern Russia, flowing into the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. The main tributaries of the Don are the Seversky Donets, Khoper, Medveditsa. The river is rapids and shallow, has a typical flat character, such large million-plus cities as Voronezh and Rostov-on-Don are located here. The Don is navigable from the mouth to the city of Voronezh, there are several reservoirs, the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric station ...
The Northern Dvina River, with a length of 744 km and a basin area of 357 thousand km², is one of the largest navigable rivers in the European part of Russia.
Its origins are the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug rivers under Veliky Ustyug ( Vologda Region), has a northern direction of flow to Arkhangelsk, then northwestern and again northern, near Novodvinsk (a city in the Arkhangelsk region) forms a delta consisting of several branches, its area is about 900 km², and flows into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea, the basin of the Northern Arctic Ocean. The main tributaries are Vychegda, Vaga, Pinega, Yumizh. The river is navigable along its entire length; the oldest paddle steamer, built in 1911, “N.V. Gogol "...
The Neva River flowing through the territory Leningrad region, connecting Lake Ladoga with the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, is one of the most picturesque and full-flowing rivers in Russia. The length is 74 km, the basin area of 48 thousand rivers and 26 thousand lakes is 5 thousand km². 26 rivers and rivulets flow into the Neva, the main tributaries are the Mga, Izhora, Okhta, Chernaya Rechka.
The Neva is the only river flowing from the Shlisselburg Bay in Lake Ladoga, its channel flows through the territory of the Neva Lowland, the mouth is located in the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland, which is part of the Baltic Sea. On the banks of the Neva there are such cities as St. Petersburg, Shlisselburg, Kirovsk, Otradnoye, the river is navigable along its entire length ...
The Kuban River in the very south of Russia originates in Karachay-Cherkessia at the foot of Mount Elbrus (Caucasian Mountains) and flows through the territory North Caucasus, forming a delta, flows into the Sea of Azov. The length of the river is 870 km, the basin area is 58 thousand km², 14 thousand tributaries, the largest of them are Afips, Laba, Pshish, Mara, Dzheguta, Gorkaya.
The largest reservoir in the Caucasus is located on the river - Krasnodar, the Kuban cascade of hydroelectric power stations, the cities of Karachaevsk, Cherkessk, Armavir, Novokubansk, Krasnodar, Temryuk ...
The river coast is a favorite place for recreation and travel for many people. On a day off, you can have a picnic on the beach with friends or family, enjoy fishing, swimming, boating, kayaking and kayaking, enjoying the beauty of the surrounding nature.
In contact with
The largest water arteries
A large number of people live along the banks of the rivers, which often become the only means of subsistence for the population: they are sources of drinking, food and energy. Industrial enterprises, river ports operate smoothly, and they also carry a significant supply of fresh water. Russia is a country rich in water resources. It is difficult to count how many rivers there are in Russia.
Important! According to experts, there are up to 2.5 million rivers in the Russian Federation. A special catalog has been compiled, where all of them are arranged alphabetically for easy search.
.The table shows the longest and full-flowing:
Large rivers differ not only in names, but also in length, area, speed and type of flow, landscapes, inhabitants and fauna, and among them there are clear “record holders”. Each of them is unique in its own way.
The longest river in Russia is the beautiful Lena. It is believed that she is the fastest. Its length is 4400 km, and the basin area is 2,490,000 sq. km.
It originates not far from, and the mouth is located in the Laptev Sea in Yakutia. The main tributaries are Mama, Aldai, Chaya, Vilyuy. It is ranked 10th in the world in terms of total length and 8th in terms of full water.
It feeds mainly on melt and rainwater. Flowing through the area Irkutsk region, the Republic of Yakutia, its beauty is admired by the inhabitants of Transbaikalia, the Khabarovsk Territory and Buryatia. The pool is located entirely in Russia.
Its resources are truly inexhaustible.: there have never been dams here, so there is enough food for fish in the water and comfortable living conditions have been formed. The flora and fauna are the richest, even species listed in the Red Book live here: Siberian sturgeon, sterlet. And on the banks there is a beautiful national park "Lena Pillars", which is often visited by foreign tourists.
The smallest and meanest
Now let's see what it's called the shortest river in Russia. The opposite of Lena is Reiroa, which is located in Abkhazia in the Gagra region and is a champion. The length of the river is only 6-17.7 m - these are the smallest indicators in the world, depending on the time of year and the proximity of the coastline. It feeds on the waters of the underground cave Krubera-Voronya, so the water temperature is constantly low and equal to 11 degrees even in summer.
The rivulet is quite full-flowing, the water flow is about 2 cubic meters per second, and not a single case of its drying up has been recorded. It is a current from a karst cave that crosses the beach and flows into the Black Sea.
The most meandering river in Russia, the Pyana, with the largest the number of turns, loops, bends. It is located in the Nizhny Novgorod region and in Mordovia. The length is about 400 km, while the distance from the beginning to its end is no more than 60 km. A large number of tributaries flow into Piana, the largest of them are:
- Vadok,
- eat,
- kelya,
- couples,
- Rauja.
The width changes along the entire length, at the source it is equal to 90 m, in the middle - about 50 m, and towards its end - 10-20 m. The average depth is 3 m, and in the deepest places it reaches 6 m. The banks are rather steep, with cliffs, high. Not far from the village of Pilekshevo there is an interesting and even mysterious place - Devil's Turn. Here the channel turns sharply by 90 degrees, and at this turn a small stream flows into Piana.
Attention! locals attributed to the area near Piana mystical properties associated with the appearance of evil spirits on the banks and other mysterious events.
Numerous settlements are located along the coast, as well as the famous Ichalovsky forest with karst caves, and the Ichalkovskaya hydroelectric power station was built in the Perevozsky district in the village of Ichalka.
Let's climb the mountains
Consider, How are mountain rivers different? Their main feature is the speed of the current, they do not form large valleys and meanders, but flow, as a rule, along mountain gorges with steep banks.
Most are born in and only then descend to the plains.
They are characterized by a slope, a large number of waterfalls and rapids.
In our country, very many rivers are mountainous, and even more rivers are mountainous in only one part, and having descended into meadows and steppes, they become flat. On a territorial basis, they are divided into:
- Crimean,
- Ciscaucasian,
- North Caucasian,
- Far East,
- East Siberian.
In the mountainous part of the Crimean peninsula, the river system is very developed, from its southern part the drains are short, stormy, with many waterfalls: Uchan-Su, Uzkn-Bash. In the western part Belbek, Chernaya, Alma, flowing into the Black Sea.
The Stavropol Upland divides the entire water system of the region into the western group of the Sea of Azov and the eastern group belonging to the Caspian Sea. The most famous and largest in the Caucasus are the Kuban and the Terek. They start in the mountains, near the Kuban, not far from the famous Elbrus, and the Terek is on Mount Zilgahokh. Less extended: Kagalnik, Beisug, Chelbas, Kuma.
The Far Eastern rivers are also interesting for their nature of the flow. The famous Amur in the upper part is mountainous, flows through rocky gorges and develops great speed current, gradually decreasing towards the city of Blagoveshchensk. On the ridges of the Sikhote-Alina many mountain streams flow from the eastern side, the largest is Tumnin, 270 km long. On the northeast coast there are numerous rivers flowing down from the ridges: Anadyr, Okhota, Uda.
Most of the rivers of Eastern Siberia are mountainous. Such is the handsome Yenisei, Lena, Indigirka, Kolyma. Replete with rapids, whirlpools.
Central part of the country
Among the rivers of the European part of Russia Volga dominates. In this area are the most famous and large rivers with ancient history rich in flora and fauna.
The Volga, of course, is considered the largest, its length is 3888 km, its area is 1360 square meters. km. It is clearly visible on the map. It starts on a hill from an underground source, flows into the Caspian Sea.
The Volga has a lot of tributaries, 200 streams and rivulets, the largest of them are the Kama and Oka. Artificial reservoirs and hydroelectric power plants are installed here:
- Kuibyshevskaya.
- Volgograd.
- Cheboksary.
On the banks of the Volga there are protected natural and national park Samarskaya Luga. Conditionally The Volga is divided into 3 parts:
- top,
- average,
- lower.
The upper section flows in a forested area from the beginning of the Volga to Nizhny Novgorod, the middle part flows mainly through the forest-steppe and steppe, and the lower one - in conditions of semi-desert and endless steppes. The temperature regime differs from the natural one due to the construction of reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations. In summer, the water temperature is kept at around 23-26 degrees, in winter the surface is almost always covered with a layer of ice.
Volga navigable, therefore, large port cities are located along the coast. It is the lower section of the Volga that is richest in flora and fauna, unique insects, animals, fish and plants along the banks are presented in large quantities here.
What other rivers of the European part are included in this list.
Kama. It is located in the 5th place in terms of length, about 200 tributaries flow into it, the largest ones: Vyatka, Belaya, Chusovaya.
Dams, reservoirs and hydroelectric power plants constantly regulate and control water. At the source, it is surrounded by mountainous terrain, steppes, and at the confluence with the Volga, along the banks, birch groves and forest-steppe.
Oka. The second significant tributary of the Volga. The length of the Oka is 1480 m. The source is near the village of Maloarkhangelsk, and in the region of Nizhny Novgorod it flows into the Volga.
The change of landscape along different banks is interesting: the right bank is high, with cliffs and steep slopes, and the left one is low, behind it there are numerous water meadows and fields. Towards the mouth, nature is slightly transformed, here the river becomes wider, faster, and pine trees and deciduous groves appear along the banks.
Don. The length is 1970 km, and the area is impressive - 450 thousand square meters. km. The source is located in the Tula region, flows from the Urvanka stream, and the mouth is the Sea of Azov in the Taganrog Bay. It is characterized by a slow sedate current, so that the expression "quiet" fully corresponds to the character of the Don, the valley is wide, gently sloping with a high right bank. At the lower reaches, the width is 15 km, the depth reaches 12-15 meters. The Don has a lot of tributaries, about 5200. Khoper, Medveditsa, Manych, Northern Donets, Sal are the most significant.
The Don is fed by melt water, groundwater and rain make up a third. On the banks you can see forest-steppes, where several large cities, river ports, nature reserves and hydroelectric power stations are concentrated. The water flow plays a significant role in the life of the region and industry.
The largest rivers of Russia - names, location
Toponomy of Russian rivers
Conclusion
There are many beautiful, unique, large and small rivers and streams flowing through mountain ranges and gentle streams in our country, containing huge reserves of drinking water and creating a unique landscape, natural conditions for human life, growth and development of the animal and plant world. We must try to preserve the rivers of Russia, this natural beauty and leave a legacy for future generations.
The rivers of Russia, like a web, have enveloped the entire territory of the country, because their total number, from the smallest to the largest, is more than 2.5 million. We will not list all of them in this article. And just make a list of the largest, longest, largest rivers in Russia, their names. And we will try to describe each of them separately, especially fishing. After all, rivers are of great interest from the angler's point of view, and there are a lot of them.
Top 10 longest rivers in Russia flowing under one name:
| № | river name | Total length km. | Where does it flow |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lena | 4400 | Laptev sea |
| 2 | Irtysh | 4248 | Ob |
| 3 | Ob | 3650 | Ob Bay of the Kara Sea |
| 4 | Volga | 3531 | Caspian Sea |
| 5 | Yenisei | 3487 | |
| 6 | Lower Tunguska | 2989 | Yenisei |
| 7 | Amur | 2824 | |
| 8 | Vilyuy | 2650 | Lena |
| 9 | Ishim | 2450 | Irtysh |
| 10 | Ural | 2422 | Caspian Sea |
Top 10 Russian rivers by total catchment area, thousand km2:
| № | river name | Basin area: sq/km | Where does it flow |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ob | 2 990 000 | Ob Bay of the Kara Sea |
| 2 | Yenisei | 2 580 000 | Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea |
| 3 | Lena | 2 490 000 | Laptev sea |
| 4 | Amur | 1 855 000 | Amur Estuary, Sea of Okhotsk |
| 5 | Volga | 1 360 000 | Caspian Sea |
| 6 | Kolyma | 643 000 | East-Siberian Sea |
| 7 | Dnieper | 504 000 | Black Sea |
| 8 | Don | 422 000 | Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov |
| 9 | Khatanga | 364 000 | Khatanga Bay of the Laptev Sea |
| 10 | Indigirka | 360 000 | East-Siberian Sea |
List of the most big rivers Russia, and fishing on them:
| BUT | Abakan | Agul | Ai | Aksai | Alatyr |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amur | Anadyr | Angara | Akhtuba | Aldan | |
| B | Barguzin | White (Agidel) | Bityug | Biya | |
| AT | Volga | Vazuza | Vuoksa | Varzuga | Great |
| Vetluga | Vishera | Vorya | Volkhov | Crow | |
| Vyatka | |||||
| G | Gnilusha | ||||
| D | Gum | Don | Dubna | Dnieper | |
| E | Yenisei | Her | |||
| F | Zhabnya | Zhizdra | Zhukovka | ||
| W | Zeya | Zilim | zusha | ||
| And | Izh | Izhma | Izhora | ik | Ilek |
| Ilovlya | Inga | Ingoda | Inzer | and the way | |
| Irkut | Irtysh | Iset | iskona | Istra | |
| Ishim | Isha | And I | |||
| To | Kagalnik | Kazanka | Kazyr | Kakva | Kama |
| Kamenka | Kamchatka | Caen | Kantegir | Katun | |
| Kelnot | Kema | Kem | Kerzhenets | kilmez | |
| kiya | Klyazma | Kowashi | Cola | Kolyma | |
| conda | Kosva | Kuban | Kuma | ||
| L | Laba | Lena | Lovat | Lozva | Lopasnya |
| meadows | Luh | ||||
| M | mana | Manych | Bear | Mezen | Miass |
| Mius | Moksha | Mologa | Moscow river | Msta | |
| H |
Lena flows out of Lake Baikal, forms a bend and continues northward to the Laptev Sea, where it forms a large delta. The length of the river route is 4400 km, the basin area is 2490 thousand square meters. km., and water consumption - 16350 m3 / s. The length of the Lena takes 11th place in the world, and the longest river in Russia. The name comes from the language of the Evenks (“elyuene” - a big river) or Yakuts (“Ulakhan-Yuryakh” - big water).
The Ob flows through Western Siberia for 3650 km, flowing into the Kara Sea, where it forms a vast, up to 800 km long, bay, called the Ob Bay. It is formed in Altai from the confluence of two rivers: the Biya and the Katun. It ranks first in terms of basin area, that is, the largest river in Russia (2990 thousand sq. Km) and third in terms of water content (behind the Yenisei and Lena). Water consumption - 2300 m3/s. The name of the river comes from the language of the Komi people, in which “ob” means “grandmother”, “aunt”, “respected elderly relative”.
The Volga is one of the largest rivers on Earth and the largest river in Europe. Its length is 3531 km and it crosses 4 republics and 11 regions of Russia before flowing into the Caspian Sea. The river basin occupies 1855 thousand square meters. km (a third of the European part of Russia) with a water flow of 8060 m3/s. There are 9 hydroelectric power plants with reservoirs on the Volga and up to half of all Russian industry and agriculture is concentrated. The Yenisei crosses Russia and Mongolia for 4287 kilometers (of which 3487 km pass through Russia) and flows into the Yenisei Gulf of the Kara Sea. There is a division of the river into the Big and Small Yenisei (Biy-Khem and Kaa-Khem). The river has a basin area of 2580 thousand square meters. km (second place after Lena) and water consumption of 19800 m3/s. Sayano-Shushenskaya, Krasnoyarsk and Mainskaya hydroelectric power stations block the waters of the Yenisei in three places. The origin of the name is associated with the distorted Tungus name "enesi" (big water) or the Kyrgyz "enee-Sai" (mother river).
The Amur flows through the territory of Russia, Mongolia and China and flows into the Sea of Okhotsk (Amur Estuary). This river Rossi has a length of 2824 km, the basin area is 1855 thousand square meters. km and water consumption equal to 10900 m3/s. The Amur crosses four physical and geographical zones: forest, forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert, and up to thirty different peoples and nationalities live on the banks of the river. The origin of the name causes a lot of controversy, but the most common opinion derives it from "Amar" or "Damar" (Tungus-Manchurian group of languages). In China, the Amur is called the Black Dragon River, and for Russia it is a symbol of Transbaikalia and the Far East.
The Kolyma begins at the confluence of the Kulu and Ayan-Yuryakh (Yakutia) rivers and flows into the Kolyma Bay after 2129 kilometers of its way. The river basin covers an area of 643 thousand square meters. km, and the water consumption is 3800 m3/s. In the Magadan region, this is the largest water artery.
The Don flows from the Central Russian Upland in the Tula region for 1870 kilometers and flows into the Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov. Being one of the largest rivers in the south of the Russian Plain, the Don has a basin area of 422 thousand square meters. km and water consumption 680 m3/s. According to scientists, some sections of the riverbed are about 23 million years old. The ancient Greeks mentioned the Don under the name Tanais, and the modern name belongs to the Iranian peoples of the Northern Black Sea region and simply means "river". Khatanga is born from the confluence of the Kotui and Kheta rivers (Krasnoyarsk Territory) and flows into the Laptev Sea, forming the Khatanga Bay. The length of the river is 1636 km with a basin area of 364 thousand square meters. km and water consumption of 3320 m3/s. The first mention of Khatanga was based on the reports of the Tungus and dates back to the beginning of the 17th century.
Indigirka is formed from the rivers Tuora-Yuryakh and Taryn-Yuryakh (Khalkan mountain range) and flows for 1726 kilometers through the lands of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), flowing into the East Siberian Sea. Its area water basin is 360 thousand square meters. km, and water consumption - 1570 m3 / s. The word "indigir" is of Evenk origin and means "people from the Indi clan". The river is known for its sights - the village of Oymyakon (the north pole of cold) and the city-monument Zashiversk, the population of which completely died out from smallpox in the 19th century.
The Northern Dvina flows through the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions from the south to the north and, before it flows into the Dvina Bay (White Sea) in the form of a wide delta, travels 744 km. Two rivers, the South and Sukhona, give rise to it, so that later the river basin occupies an area equal to 357 thousand square meters. km, and the water consumption was 3490 m3/s. This is an important navigable artery that provides the water passage Severodvinsk - Veliky Ustyug, as well as the historical center of the beginning of shipbuilding in Russia.
The Volga originates in the Valdai Upland. This is one of the largest rivers in Europe, receiving up to one and a half hundred tributaries along the way, including the Kama and Oka, the largest of them. There are numerous reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations on the river. The water canal system connects the river with the Baltic, White, Black and Azov seas. Akhtuba is the longest branch of the Volga. The total floodplain of these two rivers covers 7600 sq. km.
Kama is considered the fifth river in Europe in terms of the length of the channel - 2030 km, as well as an important river highway. Being a tributary of the Volga, it also absorbs the waters of smaller rivers on its way, such as Vyatka, Vishera, Belaya, Chusovaya. There are more than two hundred large tributaries near the Kama alone. The Kamskaya, Botkinskaya and Nizhnekamskaya hydroelectric power stations with reservoirs were built on the river.
The Oka is a tributary of the Volga (Nizhny Novgorod region). The riverbed is characterized by differences in slope and width. Among the major tributaries are the Ugra, the Moskva River, the Klyazma and the Moksha. Hydrological studies make it possible to divide the path of the Oka into three parts: the upper one (Aleksin - Shchurovo), the middle one (Shchurovo - the mouth of the Moksha), and the lower one (the mouth of the Moksha - the Volga).
Don - the river is calm and slow due to a slight slope along the entire route. Among its largest tributaries are the Seversky Donets, Manych and Sal. The river is actively used for generating electricity, navigation and irrigation of adjacent lands. The Dnieper in the European part of Russia ranks third (behind the Volga and Kama) in terms of the size of the basin, with an area of 503 thousand square meters. km. On the way to 2285 km, the Dnieper follows from the source to the Black Sea (Dneprovsko-Bug Estuary). This is a flat river with a wide floodplain and numerous branches and significant fluctuations in water level (up to 12 m in the Smolensk region). In ancient times, a section of the legendary route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” (10-12 centuries) passed along the Dnieper.
The Ural is one of the largest rivers in the European part of Russia and is located in the southeast of the Black Sea-Caspian slope. Its length is 2530 km from its source to its confluence with the Caspian Sea, and the basin area covers 220 thousand square meters. km. Due to the strong tortuosity of the channel, it is customary to divide the Urals into three parts: the upper (source - Orsk), the middle (Orsk - Uralsk) and the lower (Uralsk - mouth). A network of reservoirs has been built in the Urals, providing water to the cities and enterprises of the region.
The Yenisei is one of the largest rivers of the Earth in terms of the length of the channel and the area of the water basin. On the territory of Russia, the Yenisei basin unites up to two hundred thousand rivers and up to one and a half thousand lakes. The width of the channel varies from 800 meters at the source (Angara region) to 2-5 kilometers in the Ust-Port and Dudinka regions, and the width of the river valley varies from 40 km (Lower Tunguska region) to 150 km (Dudinka region). Research of the river began in the first half of the 18th century, thanks to the hydrograph Dmitry Ovtsyn, who was part of the Great Northern Expedition.
Lena is the largest river in the north of Russia. It flows along the Central Yakut lowland, forming a wide (up to 25 km) valley and feeding on a large number of lakes, swamps, rivers and streams. The Kharaulsky mountains and the Chekanovsky ridge narrow the valley to two kilometers, and a hundred kilometers from the mouth of the Lena it expands again and forms a delta of 30 thousand square meters. km. The Great Northern Expedition marked the beginning of a systematic study of the river, and its first scientific and geographical description was made by the naturalist Johann Gmelin.
Ob has largest stock waters in the north of the country. It combines the flows of the two rivers that form it: this is the Biya, originating in Lake Teletskoye, and the Katun, fed by the glaciers of the Belukha Mountain (Altai). The channel, which is deep at the beginning of the course, is divided into the Big and Small Ob, then merges into one stream (the Salekhard region), and in the delta it again bifurcates into the Khamanel and Nadym Ob. The arrival of the ships of the Second Kamchatka Expedition at the mouth of the great river marked the beginning of the development of the Northern Sea Route.
The Kolyma flows through the northeast of Siberia. After a deep and narrow valley of the upper reaches, on a granite ridge, the river forms the steps of the Great Kolyma Rapids. In the middle of its journey, the Kolyma splits into numerous (up to ten) channels, and three rivers come to the Kolyma Bay: Kamennaya (Kolymskaya), Pokhodskaya and Chukochya. The river basin is famous for finds of fossil animal bones and gold deposits.