CLASSIFICATION OF GAME TACTICS

Basic concepts of basketball tactics. Classification of game tactics. Teaching basketball tactics. Tasks and methods for improving tactical training. Team building and game play.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF BASKETBALL TACTICS: MEANS, METHODS, FORMS OF PLAYING THE GAME

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of game tactics for the success of a basketball team. It is not enough to put together a team of strong basketball players who know how to accurately throw at the basket, know how to techniques passing, dribbling, screening, have good physical qualities. If these basketball players do not play together, do not act meaningfully, collectively on the court, then such a team will not be able to succeed in modern basketball.

The tactics of the game is a set of means, methods and forms of playing the game and their expedient use against a specific opponent, in specific conditions to achieve the task.

The question may arise why the definition of tactics says that the goal of tactics is to achieve the goal, not just win the match. The fact is that when drawing up a tactical game plan, coaches realistically assess the balance of power between their pupils and rivals, take into account the position of the teams in the tournament, the physical and mental state of the players, the importance of winning in the upcoming and subsequent games, and, depending on this, set the task for the basketball players for the match. . This task is not necessarily a victory. In practice, even in large international competitions there were often cases when the coach set up his pupils to lose the match, but with a small difference in the score of points won and lost.

In a word, tactics are the area coaching and creativity. game tactics - this is a rational, purposeful use of methods and forms of wrestling, taking into account the characteristics of a particular opponent and the emerging conditions of game confrontation. In other words, this is an adequate application of the variety of game techniques to game situations.

Modern basketball tactics has a large arsenal of means, methods and forms of playing the game. Their best use is possible only with the correct consideration of the main factors that really affect this particular match. They are based on a comprehensive assessment of the capabilities of their team and the opposing team (team line-ups, the level of training of players, their morale, technical and tactical equipment, etc.) and taking into account certain external conditions under which a given match takes place (weather, equipment and the state of the surface of the site). , equipment features, audience reaction, etc.). Without taking into account these factors, the team cannot achieve the maximum result. The existence of such a close and interdependent relationship between the technique and tactics of playing basketball made it possible to introduce a special concept - technical and tactical action. It is considered as a structural element of the game activity of individual players. Mutually coordinated and coordinated in space and time, the technical and tactical actions of several players of one team are defined as tactical interaction.

Game tools. The means of conducting the game include all the techniques of attack and defense. If a basketball player does not own technical techniques, then he cannot participate in the game and perform any tactical actions. However, if technical training is aimed at studying the structure of the movement of a particular technique, then tactical training equips the basketball player with the knowledge and skills of the expedient application of the studied techniques in the conditions of the struggle of two teams.

Ways to play the game. The ways of playing the game are tactical rational actions of players that are used in the fight against the enemy (individual, group, team).

An individual tactical action is an action that a player performs without the participation of a teammate and which is aimed at solving a separate tactical problem.

Group tactical actions solve part of the team task. They are carried out by the interaction of two, three and more players.

All five players participate in team actions. Command actions are carried out different ways through various game systems and combinations. Team actions are aimed at solving a team task; individual and group actions are subordinate to them.

And when characterizing integral team actions the term is used game system, implying a specific mutual arrangement and interaction of all team players, united by a single target orientation (for example, a system of playing in attack with one center; a personal system of playing in defense, etc.). The interrelation and coordination of actions of all players within the framework of a single concept of the game is emphasized.

The structural unit of team actions in the attack is a combination. A combination means previously studied and coordinated interactions of a group or all team players within a specific system, aimed at creating conditions for one of the basketball players to attack the ring. In addition, the combination can be creatively created and implemented by players based on typical interactions and teamwork and accumulated competitive experience.

In the course of carrying out a previously learned combination, its logical development and completion are assumed, depending on the current competitive situation. Combinations can be used both in the dynamics of the match, and in static moments of the introduction or throw-in of the ball into the game (at the kick-off, at a throw-in from behind the touchline or end line, or at a free throw).

Forms, playing the game. The forms of playing the game are called the external manifestation of the team's actions related to the solution of certain tactical tasks. Forms can be active or passive. Depending on the use of active or passive forms, tactics are offensive or defensive in nature (fast break, personal defense). Moreover, defensive tactics can be both passive and actively defensive. One form or another of the game is chosen by the coach, based on the situation of the competition and the real capabilities of the team. In modern basketball, the following distribution of players by function (role) is accepted: defenders, forwards, centers.

Main responsibilities of defenders - clear management of the actions of partners in the attack, as well as readiness to assure attacks with a positional throw or a swift pass; in defense - deterring a quick counterattack of opponents in the event of a loss of the ball, actions on the front line of defense at one's own basket.

Forwards must have good maneuverability, smart; We attack effectively from long and medium positions, aggravate the game near the opponents' basket due to our own high-speed pass or a targeted pass to the center. In addition, they are required to competently carry out defensive actions in their positions and, together with the centers, ensure the rebound of the ball on both shields.

The centers are the tallest and most powerful players in the team, designed to ram the opponents’ defenses on the near approaches to their backboard, as well as “cement the defense of their own basket: they play the main role in the fight for the rebound, when finishing off the ball and covering the opponents’ shots.

The number of players by function on the court during the games may vary depending on the game systems chosen by the team and the situation in the match.

In accordance with the main content of the game, tactics are divided into attack and defense tactics.

Each section of it is divided into groups depending on the principle of organizing the actions of the players: individual, group and team. In turn, each of the groups, based on the forms of playing the game, is divided into types (for example, individual actions in the attack can be the actions of a player without the ball and the actions of a player with the ball). Depending on the specific content of the game actions, the types are divided into methods. Methods that have different features of execution, cause the manifestation of options. For example, one of the methods of positional attack is the system of attack through the center player. Based on the number of centers operating on the field at the same time, this system can have three options for attacking through one center; through two and through three centers.

On the initial stage training training in tactics (development of orientation, ingenuity, etc.) is included in physical and technical training. To do this, additional and complicated conditions are gradually introduced into the corresponding exercises. For example, an increase in the number of balls; an increase in various complex movements associated with the actions of an exercise partner; the introduction of sound and, mainly, visual signaling; the introduction of first passive, and then increasing active resistance of the enemy.

When conducting such classes, it is important that the input additional terms and complications did not negatively affect the development physical qualities and the formation of motor skills underlying any technique.

Basketball is a very popular ball game today. Millions of people around the world know and love her. Basketball attracts with its speed, dynamics and entertainment. Objectively, the best basketball team is the United States, and the strongest league is also located there (in the United States) - the NBA, in which best players.

Tactics

Basketball tactics are very important, especially if we are not talking about the initial level. The game is a team game, nothing decides the outcome of the actions of one player, the teams with the right tactics win the matches. Basketball team tactics can be divided into:

• attacking;
• defensive.

Both options exist. Of course, attacking basketball is more reckless, spectacular and fast, but sometimes it is defensive pragmatic tactics that help to win. major victories.

Attack tactics

The whole game comes down to the formulation of special tactics in the attack in basketball. Players attack with the whole team, play passes very dynamically, take out their colleagues for throws, aggressively go to rebound the ball, if possible press after losing the ball, and do not retreat to the defense of the whole team. Such tactics of the game require a very good physical training, because it is very difficult to actively attack and put pressure on the opponent throughout the game.

In the amateur version, such a technique and tactics of playing basketball is not very common. Due to not quite high level The preparation of team players all comes down to the exchange of throws between rivals. If a team that has chosen an attacking tactic for itself is not well prepared in physical plane, then after 5-10 minutes at a high pace, it will begin to fail in defense.

Basketball: defense tactics

You have to defend well in basketball. A correctly set defensive tactic will put the opponent into a stupor, deprive him of creativity in attack, sometimes it can be fatal for teams that attack a lot, beautifully and in a variety of ways. Of course, the defense is not as spectacular in basketball as the attack, but the matches are won by the result, not beauty.

Among amateurs, defensive tactics are not very common, because everyone wants to score goals, and only a few do the rough work. But if we are talking about high-level amateur basketball or a professional game, then such tactics often take place here.

Sometimes teams switch from one variant of game tactics to another right during the match, depending on the development of events on the court. Sometimes it is useful to save energy in defense by leading big in order to put the squeeze on the opponent in the end and deprive him of any opportunity to win back. There can be many options for choosing defense to the detriment of attack and vice versa.

Teaching basketball tactics

All the technique of the game is put in training. Tactics are worked out in the same place. It can be just exercises with elements of attack or defense, or it can be a two-sided training game according to different schemes with the development of movements. In any case, tactical actions should be set by a coach who has sufficient experience, it is advisable to do this for established teams back in early age. It is important for children to understand the basics and master them. At an older age, everything can be adjusted, but tactics need to be set in childhood.

Game technique

Basketball technique and tactics are two very closely related concepts. Skillful players quickly switch from defensive to attacking and vice versa, changing the pace and actively spoiling the game for opponents. But in the case of lame technique, it is very difficult to play well at all, and even more so to somehow interfere with the opponent, who can always beat one-on-one or even one-on-two.

It is for this reason that it is also important to lay in basketball from childhood. This is done through grueling workouts. There is no other option. Of course, there are naturally gifted players, but if the skills are not perfected in training, then very soon those basketball players who by nature did not have such good data will not only level out, but also go far ahead. Talent is something that needs to be guarded and honed constantly.

Examples of tactics

Let's take a look at some of the different offensive tactics in basketball. If the team has chosen attacking actions as a priority, then there may also be several options here. For example:

• fast pass;
• fast break;
• ring passages.

There are still many attack options, they can be combined, modified, but we will consider these main ones.

A quick pass is an instant transfer of the ball from behind your endline to a teammate who just as quickly went on the attack and opened up in the opponent's half. Sometimes several partners can go into the breakthrough, who can stretch the opponent's defenders between themselves if one of them had time to react and tried to return to the defense.

A fast break is a variant when a fast attack does not start with a long pass, but with a short one and continues with technical dribbling and entering the opponent's basket. Very often, the tactics of a quick pass and a break can be combined with each other in various ways.

Passes under the ring are organized during a planned attack, with the players placed in positions. Further, with the help of the unpacking, such a situation is created for one of the players when he receives free space to complete the pass. Sometimes teammates help the passing player by setting up a screen for the opposing defenders.

Outcome

The real level is, first of all, the tactics of playing basketball, and not one of the players running all over the court in an attempt to beat all opponents and attack the opponent's basket from any position. Although very often at the amateur level there is just such a sad situation.

A relatively average team will always beat more skillful rivals if they act according to the chosen tactics. All this on the condition that opponents, whose class is higher, will randomly pull the game on themselves, without having a common idea and view of the situation. There are many examples of such actions. Basketball is a fast-paced and lively game that sports fans are sure to enjoy.

Introduction

The basis of success in basketball is in team sports, collective actions aimed at rationally and as quickly as possible creating a comfortable position for one of the players to attack the basket. An attacking team, consisting of players who are very strong individually, but who do not know how to competently interact with other partners, can rarely achieve victory over a qualified opponent. During tactical actions, the team tries to ensure

1. "clean" exit under the opponent's shield with the ball

2. Unhindered (or minimally resisted) mid-range throw

3. The short-term moment of the numerical advantage of the attackers in a certain section of the site

4. Favorable conditions for a single combat between an attacker and a defender, which include:

Exclusion of safety net by defenders of each other;

Temporary increase in the distance between the attacker and the defender, allowing to carry out prepared actions in the attack

Forced quick approach of the defender to the attacker

Striker action at speed against immobile defender

The superiority of the attacker over the defender in psychological qualities

5. Belaying the rear against a possible counterattack In terms of tactical orientation, an attack in basketball is divided into two types: swift and positional. Each type of attack contains its own system of command actions. So in a swift attack, the systems “quick break” and “echeloned breakthrough” developed, and in a positional attack - “through the center” and “without the center”

Rapid attack

The essence of a rapid attack is the quick transition of the team from defensive actions to attackers, while taking possession of the ball in order to complete the attack against the unorganized or still poorly organized defense of the opponents. The maximum acceleration of the preparation and completion of attacking actions is the fundamental trend in the development of modern basketball. It is due to both the evolution of the game itself and the changes that have taken place in the rules (reducing the time to bring the ball from the backcourt to the front to 8 s and the time to prepare an attack to 24 s). In this regard, the importance of a swift attack immeasurably increases. Successful implementation of this type of game building in the attack is possible using two systems of team actions: a fast break and an early attack. A fast break is designed to create a numerical superiority over an opponent during the development of a high-speed counterattack and its subsequent completion from close range. The most typical situations for the effective organization of a fast break are: intercepting or knocking out the ball from an opponent, taking possession of the ball on a rebound or when putting it into play with an initial jump ball. It is possible to create conditions for a successful counterattack after putting the ball into play from outside the court (for example, after a ball conceded into one's own basket), but such cases require a significant advantage over rivals in physical and technical-tactical preparedness. A fast break attack consists of three phases:

Development

Completions

success first phase is associated with a forward dash by two or three players, a quick first pass to a runaway or close opening partner, followed by a high-speed dribbling or another pass in front of a running attacker, performed at high speed.

For second phase characterized by coordinated movements of attackers into the opponent's zone using dribbling or passing the ball. The main task here is to create a numerical advantage of the attackers over the defenders: 2x1, 3x1, 3x2, etc. The most rational for this phase of a fast break is the situation when, during the development of an attack, the ball is in possession of a player in the middle position, and on both flanks he is supported by partners who are somewhat ahead of the ball.

And finally, the final - third phase breakthrough is designed to lead to an unhindered throw of the ball from a convenient, usually close distance of one of the attackers. This is achieved by the player's exit under the shield to an open position and a timely assist in his address.

The organization of a quick counterattack depends on many factors. Each team strives to realize the advantages of high-speed play, taking into account the potential of their players and weaknesses in the preparedness of opponents. But in practice, there are three basic options for conducting a fast break: a fast break with a long pass to the breakaway player. (Fig. 89)

The most promising in modern basketball is a quick break through the center, when the middle position is occupied by the most technical player. He delivers the ball to the opponent's zone and there he chooses the desired option for completing the attack. (Fig. 90)

Along the sideline, i.e. through the flank. (Fig. 91)

If all players of the team take part in the fast break attack, i.e. the front line of attackers is supported by the wave of players following them, then they speak of an echeloned fast break. Its goal is to successfully complete an attack against an unorganized defense, even in conditions of numerical equality between attackers and defenders. In this case, a breakthrough to the basket of opponents is carried out due to the coordinated actions of all players advancing in a wide front and one after another. Layered Fast Break can end not only from under the basket, but also with an average and even long-range throw, since the attacking players are ready for active actions in the fight for a rebound in case of a miss and for the subsequent finishing of the ball. (Fig. 92)

positional attack.

Positional attack versus personal defense.

In the practice of basketball, the most common defense system is personal protection. Therefore, for successful game in offense, the team must master the ways of overcoming personal defenses to perfection. No matter how well a team has mastered the fast-break offensive system, it cannot limit its offensive arsenal to this type of offensive weapon. Most often in matches, basketball players have to meet with the already organized defense of opponents. A quick break won't help here. And if you do not have the ability to positionally besiege the defensive formations of the enemy, then the game in attack will be unsuccessful. The meaning of the players' interactions during a positional attack is to reveal the best qualities of basketball players, to create such an environment for them on the court, in which the strongest aspects of the game of the attacking players would be fully manifested.

The history of basketball knows many examples of how teams achieved great success with the help of positional maneuvers, reasonable combinational play. The Baltic teams were the first in our country to demonstrate a competent positional game in attack in the late 40s and early 50s. Estonian basketball players, led by I. Lysov, skillfully led the siege of the opponents' defensive formations and achieved success in matches with the strongest Soviet clubs. Lithuanian athletes have further developed the ability to use the strengths of their players. They harmoniously combined positional combinational play with the personal initiative of the attackers. The team organization of actions was not violated, but, on the contrary, it was supplemented, as it were, by the individual efforts of the players to overcome the personal defense of their opponents. The successful conduct of a positional siege is not an easy task. This requires strong nerves, endurance, patience of the players. And at the same time, a reasonable manifestation of the game initiative is necessary. All these qualities, taken together, are called game discipline. It is the game discipline that allows basketball players to successfully carry out in competitions those interactions, combinations that have been learned and polished in training.

Without strict game discipline, a positional combination attack is doomed to failure. After the introduction of a strict limit on the stay of the center under the opponent's shield, the share of attacks through the center decreased. The role of the center in offense has changed. His main concern was the fight under the ring for the ball, bounced off someone else's shield. In addition, the center began to help partners' attacks more often: to move further away from the backboard, freeing up space for his comrades to pass under the basket, to put up barriers for them, in a word, to participate more in combinational play. The ability of basketball players to set barriers correctly is of great importance for the successful implementation of combinations. Not only that, the player must cut off the opponent's path to the most vulnerable place in the defense. But even after setting up the screen, the attacker is obliged to continue active actions, for example, turn around and immediately take an advantageous position to receive the ball or fight for the ball under the shield in case the ball rebounds from the ring. We are talking about these things, as if for granted, because many basketball players, even of class “A” teams, and sometimes players of the national team, do not know how to properly set screens. Screening technique should be part of the basketball school. These interaction techniques need to be taught to players from childhood. After all, it is the barriers that put the tactics of basketball in a special position compared to other types of sports games. All basketball combinations are built on barriers and movements, the tactics of combinational positional attack are based, especially against personal system defense. Of course, with a positional attack, it is important to be able to use strengths games of their basketball players. However, it is equally important to play on the opponents' weaknesses, their physical, technical, psychological and other shortcomings.

When developing a plan of tactical actions for players in a positional attack, one should take into account not only the weaknesses, but also the strengths of the opponents. Can also be played on best qualities opponent, on a certain direction of his game in defense. It is possible to induce the opponent to violate the correctness of the defensive position, to make a mistake, if, as it were, to invite him to use his favorite method of defense. For example, a player of the opposing team likes to build his defensive game on interceptions of the ball. This strength can sometimes be turned into weakness by planning countermeasures in advance. An attacker in possession of the ball can imitate the transfer of the ball to a partner who is not in a very advantageous, unreliable position. The defender, sensing the opportunity to intercept the ball, will rush across the imaginary transfer of the ball. But instead of passing to the player, the attacker will send the ball to the vacant place. And the partner, guarded by this defender, will immediately make a dash to the shield.

During the game, a swift attack can not always be completed. Then a well-organized defense team must counter a well-systematized positional attack, in which all five players participate. According to the rules, only 24 seconds of game time is allotted for an attack. This is enough to play a pre-learned combination of any complexity and, if it fails, create conditions for a throw from an average or long distance in a positional attack, two systems have formed: “Through the center” and “without the center”. We will look at an example with a center.

Offensive with one center

In a positional attack with one center, the attacking team seeks to use the interactions of the players, screens to bring one of the basketball players to a position from which it would be possible to attack the opponent's basket relatively freely. In all combinations, the attacking player is brought out to where he accurately throws the ball around the ring. If, for example, the attacker has a good throw from an average distance, then he is released from the custody of the opponent within a radius of 5-6 m from the shield. If a player accurately hits a target from the free throw area, then the interactions of the partners are aimed at ensuring that this player is free here and receives the ball.

Combination "carousel"

In the initial position of the attackers (see fig.), center player 7 takes place in the free throw area. Rear 4 has the ball. He passes to right winger 8 while he moves to the left, as if about to set up a screen for partner 5. Slightly outside the mental line drawn along the court at center 7, player 4 abruptly changes direction and rushes past the stationary post 7 into the restricted area of ​​the free throw area. Attacker 4 needs to run as close as possible to the partner, even touching him, then it will be more difficult for the guard to chase the attacking player. Having gone at high speed to the opponent’s shield, player 4 expects the ball to be passed from partner 8. If there was no pass, then player 4 quickly returns to rear insurance. Forward 8 should be replaced by a player who is good at accurate and hidden passes of the ball.

Following partner 4, while the defenders have not come to their senses from the attack of the right defender of the attacking team, the left player of the rear link 5 also rushes forward. He also runs close to his center, touching him, and also points his guardian at the center. If player 5, breaking into the three-second zone, does not receive a ball pass from partner 8, then he immediately returns back to make room under the shield and protect the rear.

The third one goes under the shield, again running past the center 7, the attacker 6. He tries to break through under the basket, but not in every situation. If the defenders crowded under the shield, then player 6 receives the ball pass from partner 8 in the free throw area and, using center 7 as a barrier, throws the ball over him in a jump. Forward 8 must instantly assess the game situation in order to send the ball to the right place in time to one of the attackers who will be in a favorable situation. On all three basket shot attempts, players 7 and 8 always rebound. The player who attacked the ring usually also enters the fight for the ball that bounced off the opponent's shield. During the “carousel” combination, player 8 with the ball has the opportunity to show personal initiative. If the defender of attacker 8 gets too close to the attacker, then player 8 will be able to break through under the basket while dribbling the ball. And if he starts to lean back far to secure his defensive partners, then forward 8 will get an opportunity to shoot the basket in a jump from his place. The manifestation of initiative and players without the ball should not be hindered, when it is purposeful, prompted by the game situation that has developed during the combination.

The carousel combination has several options. For example, the center may not be located in the free throw area, but on the side of the three-second zone, 1 - 1.5 m from the "antennae". Let's consider two options for this spectacular and effective combination. (See Fig.).

Player 4 passes the ball to attacker 8, and he himself starts a false movement towards the guardian of partner 5, as if about to put a barrier in front of the opponent. It seems that the attackers are going to carry out the so-called "troika". But suddenly player 4 changes running direction and breaks into the three-second zone. If attacker 8 cannot send the ball to partner 4, then player 4 returns back to secure partners in case of a counterattack by the opponent.

Immediately behind player 4, attacker 5 also bursts into the three-second zone, and attacker 6 is pulled back to his place to guard the rear. Player 5 can receive the ball in close proximity to the backboard and attack the basket. And if there was no pass, then player 5 changes the direction of movement and puts up a barrier for his center 7. Attacking 7, using the help of a partner, goes to the shield along the front line. He can enter the opponents' three-second zone and through its middle.

Striker 8 keeps a close eye on the rapidly changing game situation. His task is to send the ball to a partner who manages to free himself from the tutelage of the opponent in close proximity to the basket enemy. Player 8 has three directions of possible passes to his partners, and all of them are shown in the picture. After throwing the basket, players 7, 8 and 5 enter the fight for the ball under the backboard.

Here the beginning of the combination is the same as in the previous version: (see the figure), player 4, having given the ball to partner 8, breaks through to the backboard and, if he does not receive the ball, goes back to the rear insurance. Following player 4, attacker 6 and center 7 burst into the three-second zone, using the help of partner 5, who sets up barriers for the guardians of attacking players 6 and 7 in motion. , who must make an accurate pass to one of the partners under the opponent's shield in time. Attackers 6, 7 and 8 fight for the ball that did not hit the basket while player 5 is pulled back to protect the rear.

"Combination Cross"

When the center player of the attacking team is located in the free throw area, the “cross” combination can be carried out (see fig.).

Both two defenders and a defender with an attacker pulled back (in our figure, this is player 8) can actively operate in it. Consider the scheme of this combination. Defender 4 passes the ball to a teammate - player 5, and he sends a pass to the left corner of the site to attacker 6. Defender 4 moves towards the center, at the same time the winger 8 begins to move towards the center. Their movements must be exactly coordinated, you can, for example , start on signal. At the moment of approaching the center player 7, defender 4 puts a barrier on the move to the guardian of partner 8, freeing him from the defender's supervision. Player 8 runs around the center player, using him as a screen, and breaks into the three-second zone.

A moment later, player 4 also rushes under the opponent's shield, running around center 7 from the other side. Defender 5 is guarding the rear at this time. Attacker 6 waits for the right moment to pass the ball to the partner who will be in a free position near the opponent's ring. Player 8 or 4, who received the ball pass from partner 6, attacks the basket and immediately goes to recover the ball under the backboard. Together with him, partners 6 and 7 join the fight for the ball that bounced off the ring. And the other player, who broke through to the shield (4 or 8) and did not receive a pass, quickly returns to the center of the field to counter a possible quick counterattack of the enemy. The “cross” combination can also be carried out in a slightly different way: do not include the winger 6 in it, but pass the ball to the center in the free throw area. Forward 6, on the other hand, is pulled further into the field in order to make more room for the actions of partners and to secure the rear.

The movement of defenders to the post with the ball (if two defenders are involved in the combination, and not a defender with an attacker) occurs in the same way as in the previous version. And the center drops the ball to that partner who will be able to direct the guardian to the center and free himself from the opponent's guard. If none of the defenders remain free, then center 7 turns around to face the opponent's backboard and either tries to dribble under the basket or shoots the ball over the basket from the free throw area.

"Two Screens for a Defender"

It is carried out with the location of the center 7 on the "antennae" of the three-second zone and with the winger 8 pulled back on the opposite edge from the center. Defender 4 passes the ball to the right of attacker 8, and at this moment the winger 6 runs past the post, heading to the right corner of the court. Forward 8 gives the ball to partner 6. After that, attackers 8 and 4 start moving to the left, and defender 5 moves across them, for whom the whole combination is carried out. Moving obliquely to the right, defender 5 directs his guardian to the screen placed by attacker 4. Before player 5's guardian has time to get out from under one screen, he falls under another one set by attacker 8.

Using the help of comrades, defender 5 runs into the free throw area and receives the ball from partner 6. If it is impossible to get to the backboard, then attacking defender 4 throws the ball in a jump near the free throw line.

Front line players 8, 7 and 6 come in to fight for the ball if it bounces off the backboard, and player 4 is pulled back to secure the rear. Two screens for the winger

There can be several combinations with two barriers to bring the winger to the throw, (see. Fig.).

The ball is at T. Left winger K, with the help of a screen placed by P, slipped out of the opponent's guardianship and broke into the opponent's three-second zone. If an opportunity presented itself, T passed the ball. K, and if it was impossible to do this, then K continued to move to the right, ran up to guardian B and put up a barrier for him. B rushed towards his friend, freeing himself from the supervision of opponent T, passing the ball to A, also moved to the corner of the three-second zone and put a second barrier in front of guardian B.

With the help of two partners, he found himself free in his favorite position - in the free throw area. A passed the ball to B, sniper B fired at the opponents' basket. In this combination, B threw the ball around the ring not only from the penalty circle, but also from any other place on the field within a radius of 6 m from the basket.

A secured the rear, while K, P and B, who made the throw, fought for the ball under the shield in case of a miss.

I will give one more combination for the extreme player (see fig.),

P approached guardian K and put up a barrier. K started moving towards the free throw area. Along the way, K also screened the guard with A. T sent a pass to the free-throw line, and K attacked the basket from there. After his throw, P, B and K himself rushed to the opponents' shield, and A pulled back, where, together with T, he prepared to stop the enemy's counterattack.

"Pair Barrier"

A double screen is made almost simultaneously by two pairs of attacking players. It can be used to free both wingers and defenders of the attacking team. Let's give a combination scheme for the defenders (see the figure).

Center 7 is at the free throw line. One of the defenders 4 sends a pass to the center, which serves as a signal for the start of interactions between pairs of players. The wingers 6 and 8 run up to the guardians of their defenders and put a barrier in front of them. The defenders of the attacking team, using the help of their comrades, break into the enemy's three-second zone. The center gives the ball to one of them, and if this is not possible, then he turns around to face the basket and attacks the target with a jump shot or rushes under the ring with dribbling. Similarly to this combination, it is possible to carry out such an interaction of pairs of players, in which the wingers will be released from the guardianship of the rivals. A similar interaction can also be used to ensure that the defenders go to a free position in the corner of the court and from there throw the ball at the opponent's basket.

Offensive versus zone defense

In the case of the enemy using zone defense, first of all, you should understand why he does this, what are his weaknesses and how to use them. The main principles of action against zone defense systems:

1) try to break the zone with a swift attack before it is built;

2) players can dribble the ball only in the passage under the ring to attack it;

3) before receiving the ball, the player must take a position that is convenient for attacking, always facing the basket (this rule does not apply to centers);

4) if you set the task of “breaking” the zone from the inside, then it should first be stretched by passing the ball around the perimeter with mandatory threats of throws around the ring from afar, and then passing the ball to the center;

5) if you set the task of breaking the zone with throws from afar and from medium distances, then you should “compress” the zone with passes to the free throw line and to the center, followed by throwing the ball to snipers;

6) the combinations learned by the players against personal defense are mostly suitable against zone defenses;

7) the players must be able to determine when the opponent has put up a zone defense and which zone he uses, for this it is necessary for one of the players to run through the center of the three-second zone to the corner of the court and determine whether the opponent is following him; if not, then there is a zone defense;

8) it is advisable to create a numerical advantage over the defenders on one side of the site;

9) throws on the ring should only follow from comfortable, prepared positions, clear to all members of the team;

10) due to the fact that the zone defense creates good prerequisites for an organizational counterattack, the team in possession of the ball must take care of the rear insurance;

11) when carrying out a combination against a zone defense that requires the concentration of players on one side of the field, it should be remembered that in this case it will be easier to pick up the ball from the opposite side, because. the zone always shifts towards the ball.

By fielding a squad with one center, you can successfully carry out combinations against such zone formations as 1-2-2, 2-1-2, 1-3-1, 1-1-3. Having two centers in the composition, it is more convenient to break zone defenses 2-2-1, 2-3, 3-2.

It is not necessary to have combinations against all the listed zone formations, however, you need to have at least one against the same type of zone options. It is advisable to oppose zone defenses with a different attack formation. So, against a 3-2 zone defense, use a 2-3 formation, against a 1-3-1, use a 2-1-2, etc.

Attack against the "zone" 2-1-2

In zone defense 2-1-2 vulnerabilities are areas of the site on the side of the three-second zone and in front of the free throw area (Fig.).

This is where the main blow should be directed during a positional attack.

I'll tell you about one combination with a screen, aimed at overcoming the 2-1-2 zone (Fig.).

Arrangement of forwards 1 - 3 -1. Players 4, 5 and 8 pass the ball to each other. They can only be countered by two defenders playing in the front line.

Therefore, it is not so difficult for three attackers to create a favorable environment for taking the basket with a throw from their place. During these ball passes, center 7 moves along the end line to the opposite flank. In accordance with the principles of zone defense, defender 7 will accompany attacker 7 to another defender 8, and then return back to his zone. Player 4 runs up to defender 8 and puts up a screen so that the opponent cannot catch post 7, who goes to the corner of the court. Here center 7 receives the ball from partner 8. Now center 7 of the attacking team can either throw the ball himself in a jump over the opponent's basket, or send it to partner 4, who, turning after the screen, rushes under the basket. To receive a ball pass from the center 7 or to fight for the ball rebound, the attacking 5 also rushes forward, entering the position to shoot at the goal from the weak spot of the opponents' zone defense with the arrangement of the defenders 2-1-2.

Other zone formations - 1-2-2, 2-2-1 and 1-3-1 - are extremely rare in our basketball. Therefore, I do not give examples of tactical combinations aimed at overcoming these variants of zone defense. It is only necessary to say that when breaking the above-mentioned zone defense structures, like all others, the main blow should be directed against the vulnerable places of the defense. Weaknesses in the defensive formations of opponents using 1-2-2 zone defense are shown in fig.

Vulnerabilities in the 2-2-1 zone defense are indicated by shading in the figure.

In the zone 1-3-1 - on the next. rice.

Many tactical combinations against various options zone defenses are typical for building attackers according to the 1-3-1 scheme. This is a very effective setup for attackers. But, of course, the zone defense can be successfully overcome with the help of other formations of attackers in starting position. The location of the forwards before the start of the combination largely depends on the resources of the team, on the individual abilities and characteristics of the game of basketball players.

Thus, the team offense includes a huge number of options and should always be chosen based on the players available in the team and use the weaknesses of the opponents' defensive option.

Individual tactical training

Attack- the main function of the team during the game. The effectiveness and, to a decisive extent, the final result of a sports duel depend on the planning, organization and implementation of attacking actions.

Attack tactics are varied. The wider the arsenal of tactical knowledge, skills and abilities of individual players and the team as a whole, the more opportunities to choose and rationally build game tactics against a particular opponent, to achieve the desired victory over him.

Teaching the basics of attack tactics involves mastering basic individual, group and team actions to the extent required.

Each player on the court must be able to navigate in a changing game environment and act rationally within the tactics of the game chosen by his team. This requires the ability to constantly monitor the situation on the site, quickly analyze it, instantly make the best decisions and act immediately.

The level of individual tactical skill of the players determines the result of collective actions.

In accordance with the accepted classification of basketball tactics, among the individual actions of the attack, the actions of the player without the ball and with the ball are distinguished (see Fig. 37, p. 148).

Actions of the player without the ball

Theoretical background.

The actions of a player without the ball can be aimed at freeing the defender from guardianship and entering a convenient position to receive the ball or to master the ball's rebound in case of an unsuccessful throw by a partner.

They can also be used to red herring- an exit to divert the attention of the defenders from the ball. Thus, it is possible to free up a section of the site for the partner and create a favorable situation for him to beat the opponent "one in

Vdin. Before studying the schemes of game situations and exercises for learning, consider the conventions (Fig. 39).

Out to receive the ball produced during the development of the attack. It is carried out in front of the opponent or behind his back.

Given the nature of the change in the direction of movement on the site, there are several options for accessing a free space. This is a V-shaped exit (Fig. 40), an S-shaped exit (das. 41), pet-

a left-shaped exit (Fig. 42) and a circular exit (Fig. 43).

The exit is made from a place and in motion with the help of methods of movement and feints.

For implementation leaving the place the attacker preliminarily chooses such a starting position that provides good visual control over the game situation and at the same time makes it difficult for the defender. Further, by stepping in the direction opposite to the planned exit, the player approaches the opponent and, sharply changing the direction of his movement with the help of a cross step, is released from his guardianship. It is possible to perform other feints using rotation or repeated stepping. The effectiveness of this technical and tactical action depends on the plausibility of the chosen

no deceitful movement, the unexpectedness of the beginning of the departure, the speed and timeliness of the exit itself.

Exit on the move produced by changing the pace of running or direction of movement. It uses the so-called "ragged run" or a combination of repeated feints in one or in different directions.

Exit to master the bounce of the ball is carried out in the final phase of the attack when fighting on the opponent's shield after an unsuccessful partner's throw. The success of this technical and tactical action without the ball is determined both by the methods of defeating the defender described above, and by the attacker's prognostic abilities, his ability to quickly and accurately determine the probable direction and range of the rebound.

According to the statistical data, the zones of possible rebound of the ball during inaccurate throws were determined depending on the location of the attacking player and the direction of the throw made by him relative to the basket (see Fig. 36, p. 142).

So, when throwing from zones 1 and 5, the ball will rebound in the same zones with a very high degree of probability (up to 95%). Moreover, in more than half of the cases, the ball will fly to the far side of the court (i.e., when thrown from zone 1, it will bounce in zone 5 and vice versa).

For shots from zones 2 and 4, the same trend was revealed: 70% of bounced balls returned to the same zones with approximately the same probability of hitting the far side of the court. Finally, shots from zone 3 produce about 50% of bounces to the same zone, and the probability of scattering balls in zones 2, 3 and 4 is more than 90%.

In addition to the direction of the ball bounce, its range can also change. Depending on the distance of the throw from the basket, some biomechanical characteristics of the shot

vogo movement, trajectory of the ball rebound can be near, medium and far.

Consequently, the effectiveness of the exit for mastering the rebound is due, first of all, to the speed of assessing the conditions and the style of the throw. Of paramount importance are also the assertiveness and aggressiveness of the actions of the attacker when fighting for an advantageous position under the shield of opponents. Ways of release from guardianship of the defender remain identical to the exit steps to receive the ball from a teammate: V-entry, S-entry, loop-entry, and round-trip. Only the amplitude of maneuvering is significantly reduced. And the signal to start beating the defender is the moment of preparing the throw by the partner (1) or directly releasing the ball (2). In case (1), the attacker seeks to approach the guardian and, thanks to a feint with subsequent departure, will be the first to rush to the point of the intended rebound, leaving him behind. In case (2), the attacker, avoiding the blocking actions of the defender, most often retreats from him by half a step (breaks the distance), so that here. to make a swift step or run to the shield and take a winning position. At the same time, he must come to a stable position and be ready for physical pressure behind the opponent. Therefore, you need to be located on spaced, optimal bent legs, charged for a powerful push, with arms raised to shoulder height and elbows set to the side in order to seize the rebounded ball at the highest point of its flight. The effective implementation of this technical and tactical action is accompanied by the selection and finishing the ball into the basket or throwing it back to a partner to continue the attack.

Winning the “foreign shield” largely determines the final result of the game rivalry. This component of sportsmanship is given considerable attention in the preparation of qualified basketball players.

The movements of a basketball player in attack must be meaningful. Aimless, chaotic change of position will not bring stable success. Timeliness and rationality are the main components of effective "playing without the ball". The art of movement and liberation from the guardianship of opponents must be taught from the very first basketball lessons.

Hello, dear visitors of the site "". Today we will talk about one of the integral parts of the refereeing process in a basketball game - the gestures of the referees. Basketball Referee Gestures serve to explain to both the spectators and table officials what point of the basketball rules was violated, by whom it was violated and what sanctions the player who violated the rules will incur.

When writing this article, 2010 were used, which are on this moment are the basis for all professional basketball tournaments in territory under the control International Federation basketball associations. To quote these rules: “The signs given in these Rules are the only official signs. They must be used by all referees in all games. It is important that table officials are also familiar with these gestures.”

We will start the story about the gestures of basketball referees with the gestures that indicate throws on the ring, successful throw attempts, as well as the designation of the number of points scored.

Basketball rules: referee gestures - throw on the ring

The next series of referee gestures affects everything that is somehow connected with playing time.
Basketball Rules: Basketball referee gestures about playing time

Administrative gestures basketball referees are associated with substituting one player for another, inviting a player to the court, announcing a time-out, as well as visually demonstrating the countdown (five seconds and eight seconds). In addition, there is a gesture that is used to communicate between referees and table officials.
Basketball rules: administrative gestures of referees

The next group of gestures, which includes eleven types of gestures, is designed to demonstrate to the audience and table officials which basketball rules were violated in this particular episode. Judge gesture will tell us if the player had a run or used an incorrect dribble (double dribble, carry), if the player was too long in the three-second zone or did not have time to put the ball into play, if the kick was intentional or if the player violated the zone rule.

The second step is to demonstrate what type of foul occurred: misuse of the hands, a collision with a player in possession of the ball or a player without the ball. Also, in certain situations, the referee may call a double foul, technical foul, unsportsmanlike foul or even a disqualifying foul.

Finally, the referee's third step is to announce the number of free throws awarded (one, two or three). If the violation of the rules does not involve the execution of free throws, then the referee must indicate the direction for the continuation of the game.

So, the judge has already shown the type and type of violation of the rules and determined the punishment for him. The last group of gestures of basketball referees refers directly to the performance of free throws (free throws). Moreover, the type of gesture differs depending on whether the referee is inside the restricted area or outside it.

So the article devoted to such important elements basketball, like the gestures of the judges. Thanks to it, we will be able, without the help of a commentator (especially in English-language broadcasts), to figure out who and for what violation of the rules of the game of basketball was assigned a personal remark; we will see how the referee, who is on the site, addresses his colleagues, who are at the referee's table, with gestures. Now, the body language of referees can become an open book for us.

By the way, there is one very funny video about the gestures of basketball referees.

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Good luck with your training and see you soon on the pages of this site!