Many dream that their physical development is comprehensive and harmonious. Practice shows that this should be thought about as early as possible - from childhood. And this can be helped by general physical training (GPP) - a set of measures that is aimed at increasing the basic physical qualities. This will also be useful for general development, and to prepare for classes in a particular sport.

Experienced coaches, who own a variety of physical training methods, will contribute to the development of agility, endurance, strength and other important qualities in the children of our city. Harmony plays an important role proper development main muscle groups - abdominals, lumbar region, biceps, triceps, etc. The main task is to fully unlock the potential of a person. And this can be achieved through hard training, correct methods, great desire and good susceptibility to stress.

As you know, almost every historical stage imposed its requirements on a certain physical standard of a person, both geographical and national conditions played a role. What was “classic”, for example, in Ancient Rome, differed from the “standards” of Egypt, Sparta also had its own characteristics ... However, times change, but the opinion remains that physical development is one of the most important indicators of the overall development of a person.

We do exercise at home. What should parents of preschoolers remember?

Physical activity is a must for any person. Of course, not everyone can boast of the same endurance, or, in scientific terms, tolerance to stress, but this is not the most important thing. It is important that the exercises are enjoyable and bring tangible benefits. And for this you need to follow a few rules. In particular, the duration of one lesson depends on how old the child is: for example, for children 3-4 years old optimum time there will be 15-20 minutes, and children 5-7 years old can be allocated half an hour. It is important that the quantity various exercises there were at least 6. And each must be repeated 2 to 6 times. Of course, even the shortest classes need breaks. The exercises themselves are best served in game form, you can name them in an original way so that the child remembers an unusual word. Of course, during classes, various muscle groups and physical qualities of children should develop, and at the same time, the individual characteristics of the child should be taken into account.

How are physical education classes conducted in kindergarten?

You should not assume that any activity of kindergarteners depends only on them: who wants to - he runs, jumps, plays hide and seek or swings on a swing. This applies only to free time and walks. There are certain rules for conducting physical education classes and in kindergarten- both indoors and outdoors. On it, boys and girls are taught to build and rebuild (for example, from one line to several, change places, etc.), running and walking are practiced, and basic types of movements are also taught. In addition to walking and running, these are jumping, climbing, throwing, crawling, throwing. From lesson to lesson, their duration increases, as well as the dosage of exercises, which allows you to develop the endurance of children.

About the rules of hardening

Physical education and hardening almost always went hand in hand. Their relationship has been emphasized and emphasized not only by amateurs, but also by scientists, professional trainers and teachers. You can temper not only with water, but also with air and even the sun! What are the three main rules of this useful procedure? First: it's never too late to start, but it's better not to delay, although you can always catch up. Second: non-systematic hardening is practically useless. If such procedures are carried out “on major holidays” - for example, once a month, then no effect can be achieved. If hardening has begun, you do not need to look for a reason to skip it! And the third rule: the time of the procedures should be increased step by step. Otherwise, you can achieve the opposite: the child may get sick.

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1 General physical training for children 8 11 years old Physical training young football players one of the most important factors in their further progress in teaching the technique and tactics of football. Features of children 8-11 years old allow to influence the development of such qualities as speed, agility, flexibility, strength and coordination. Tests Before starting the learning process, it is necessary to identify the level of development of the physical qualities of students. Evaluation of passing testing is necessary for coaches to correct plans in the educational and training work on general physical training. To do this, you need to pass the simplest tests: running 15 meters, running 30 meters, long jump from a place, and also assess dexterity. Agility exercises are performed on a platform 25 meters long. Start and finish on the same line. The entire 25-meter section is divided into 5-meter segments. The segments are marked with chips. The first 5 meters run forward, the second 5 meters side step left side, then turn 90 degrees, run backwards, turn 90 degrees, side step right side and finish facing forward. Table of standards for students 8-11 years old: 8 years old 9 years old 10 years old 11 years old Running 15 meters (sec) 3:50-3:30 3:30-3:15 3:15-3:00 3:00-2: 85 Running 30 meters (sec) 5:80-5:60 5:60-5:40 5:45-5:30 5:30-5:15 Long jump (cm) Agility (sec) 8:00-7 :30 7:30-6:40 6:40-6:10 6:10-5:80 When the baseline physical training of young football players is known, we can begin work that will allow us to raise these physical qualities to a higher level. General physical education classes are recommended to be included in each training training session on football. For children 8-9 years old, it is recommended to conduct 3-4 football lessons per week, for children 4-5 years old. An approximate list of exercises for general physical training classes Walking Walking is normal at a moderate pace, on toes, on heels, raising the knees high, rolling from heel to toe, left right side from heel to toe (two legs together),

2 on the outside and inside of the foot, cross step, lunge, back forward, etc. Running Running is normal; along a straight line and arcs; snake (with high raising of the knees); a wide, small step with an overwhelm of the lower leg; cross step; jumping, slowing down and speeding up; with jumping over obstacles; jumping; with a change of direction; shuttle; lifting straight legs forward; starts from various positions backwards; side step; various combinations of running. Jumping Jumps on toes; on one, on two legs; bouncing from foot to foot; jumping from various heights with a jump up and jumping over an obstacle; in length and height from a place; with a rope, rotating it forward, backward, on two legs, alternately changing legs as you move forward; up with touching the ball with the head; through objects of different heights; from foot to foot, jumps in place with turns to the right, left, 180 and 360 degrees; jump up on two legs and on one from two three steps; sequentially through several obstacles of different heights; jumping, jumping with the right, left side moving forward, etc. Remember that at this age the ankle joint is still poorly developed and posture is being formed in children, so serious attention should be paid to exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back and foot. Exercises for developing speed and agility Running exercises All exercises are performed in pairs to maintain the competitive spirit. In running exercises, you can put the ball at the finish line, and the competition for speed and agility will become a little more interesting - the task of who gets to the ball faster. A. Starting position facing forward. At the first signal of the coach, the students perform a quick run (running frequency) on the spot, at the second signal, a dash forward by meters to the finish line. Do 2 3 series of 5 7 times, pause between series 3 5 minutes. B. Starting position with left side, right side or back facing the start line. At the signal of the coach, quickly turn around to face the start line and make a dash forward for 5-15 meters. The same is only from a sitting position facing forward, back, left or right side; lying on the hands. Each exercise is performed 3-5 times. C. Starting position left or right side to the starting line. At the first signal, the frequency of running is in place, at the second, turn around to face forward and make a dash forward meters to the finish line. Repeat 3 5 times.

3 D. There are 2 cones every 5 meters from the starting line. On a signal, students make a jerk to the first cone, touch it with their hand, return to the start line by running backwards, touch the start line with their hand and make a jerk facing forward to the second cone. The exercise is performed from 3 to 8 times. Rest pause between repetitions 1 minute. E. Starting position The children stand at a distance of centimeters facing each other and sideways to the starting line. They start after one of the partners touches the second. The task of the second is to catch up with the first at a distance of meters and touch (tarnish) him. The exercise is performed 4 8 times. Rest pause between repetitions 1 minute. F. At a distance of 15 meters, three hurdles with a height of 20 to 30 centimeters are set. Starting position, children stand at a distance of centimeters facing each other and sideways to the starting line. Start at the coach's signal. The task of the starters is to be the first at the finish line by jumping over these obstacles. Two repetitions. The pause between them is 1 minute. G. One of the athletes stands on the start line with his back to the direction of travel, the other is facing the first athlete one and a half meters from the start line. At the behest of the coach back standing quickly turns 180 degrees and tries to be the first to cross the finish line, which is located meters from the start. The task of the second partner is to pin the first to this line. 2 4 reps. The pause between them is 1 minute. Team Relays A. At a distance of 12 meters, every 3 meters there are cones (4 in total). Starters with the ball in their hands run around each cone. Having run around the fourth, they come back and pass the ball to the next participant. The team whose last member reaches the finish line first wins. B. At a distance of 15 meters, every 5 meters there are cones (3 in total). Seven chips are placed between the first and second cones, approximately 50 centimeters apart. On the next five-meter stretch, there are two barriers 20 centimeters high. Starters at speed run around 7 chips, overcome barriers, run around the third cone, come back and pass the baton to the next participant. C. At a distance of 12 meters, every 4 meters there are cones (3 in total). On a signal, the participants run to the first cone, then from the first to the second jump on the left foot, from the second to the third on the right. Having reached the third cone, they run around it and return, passing the baton to the next partner. Outdoor games 1. Game "Day and Night" Two teams "Day" and "Night" take part in the game. being drawn middle line separating the site. Each team has its own "home" (line, at a distance of meters from the center line in one direction and the other), in which the opponent does not have the right to flag. The teams line up on the line of their “houses” and, at the coach’s signal, go towards each other (to the center line), when a meter and a half remains to the center line, the coach calls a team (for example, “Day”). Then this command

4 should quickly turn around and run to their home, and the players of the other team (Night) should try to overpower the opponent to the home line. The team whose players taunt more opposing players wins. 2. The game "Simple tag" The game takes place on a square area, the size of which depends on the number of players in the teams. One team (A) is outside the rectangle and the other (B) is inside. On a signal, one of the players of team "A" (leader) tries to knock down as many players from team "B" as possible in 20 seconds, who run only inside the rectangle. The tagged players go outside the rectangle. After the driver has changed, everyone returns to the court, and the game continues until everyone from the “A” team has played. Then the teams switch roles. The team that beats more opponent players in the allotted time wins. 3. The game "Fishermen and Fish" The game takes place on a square area, the size of which depends on the number of players in the teams (if there are 10 people in teams, the size of the area is approximately 20x20 meters). Players are divided into two teams "Fishermen" and "Fish". The fishermen hold hands, and the fish move freely around the site. At a signal, the fishermen try to catch the fish in a certain time (1-2 minutes), surrounding them with a chain and closing it. At the end of a certain time, the catch is counted. Then the teams switch roles. 3. The game "Find your captain" All players are divided into several groups and form circles. Inside each circle is the player with the ball, the so-called group captain. At the signal, all the players scatter around the court. At the second signal, they stop, squat and close their eyes. At this time, the "captains" change places. At the next signal, everyone runs to their "captains" and forms the initial circle. The groups that gathered first from their “captains” win. Three four repetitions, a pause between them is 1 minute. 4. The game "Find your ball" On the ground, two circles nested in each other are drawn, small (4 meters in diameter) and large (16 meters in diameter). Players (12 people) stand around the perimeter of a small circle. 10 balls are laid out at equal distance along the perimeter of the large circle. At the first signal from the coach, the players begin to run lightly in their own circle, at the second they make a dash and try to take possession of one of the balls. Those who do not get the balls are out of the game. At each next stage, the number of participants and the number of balls is reduced by two. Exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back A. Starting position lie on your stomach, stretch your arms forward. At the expense of one or two, raise both arms and legs from the floor at the same time, lower them by three or four. Run times. B. Starting position lie on your stomach, bend your arms behind your head. At the expense of one or two, lift the body off the floor, turn around and look over your right shoulder at your heels, at

5 count three-four to lower to the starting position. Raise the body for five or six and look over the left shoulder, lower to the starting position for seven or eight, etc. Perform 6 10 times, depending on the level of training. C. The exercise is done in pairs. Starting position, the players lie on their stomachs facing each other at a distance of 3-4 meters. One of the partners has a ball in his hands. Players throw the ball into each other's hands, lifting the body off the floor. Perform two series of throws. The pause between episodes is 1 minute. Abdominal Exercises A. This exercise is done in pairs. The starting position of the players lie on their backs with their feet to each other. Players simultaneously rise and pass the ball from hand to hand. After the transfer, they lie down and take their original position. Complete two series of gears. The pause between episodes is 1 minute. B. Starting position players lie on their backs, knees bent, feet on the floor, arms bent at the elbows, palms behind the head. Those involved should raise the torso and reach the left knee with the right elbow, then the right knee with the left elbow, etc. Perform 10 to 20 times. C. In a similar position, the players lie on their backs, arms at the sides, legs bent at the knees and raised up (shin parallel to the floor). On the count of one or two, the players lower their legs to their right, without taking their hands off the floor; at the expense of three or four, they take their original position; lower the legs to the left by five or six, seven to eight to the starting position. Run 6 10 times in each direction. Strength exercises Exercises A D are performed in pairs. A. Players stand facing each other, take each other by the hand and try to pull the partner to their own half with one hand. Make 4 to 6 attempts. B. Starting position of the arm to the side. One partner puts his hands on the hands of the second and prevents him from raising his hands. The goal is to lower and raise your arms with resistance. Perform ups and downs. C. Starting position of the hand on the belt. One partner puts his hands on the shoulders of the other and slightly presses on them. The goal is to get up on your toes and down. Perform lifts. D. Passing and throwing small medicine balls from various starting positions: throws with two hands on the right, two hands on the left, two hands over the head. The distance between partners is 6 10 meters. Each exercise is performed 8-14 times. E. Push-ups. 20 to 40 times. F. Push-ups, but one of the hands is on the ball once.

6 G. Starting position sit on the floor, rest your hands on the gymnastic bench, bend and unbend your arms once. Rest pause between series after completion strength exercises is 12 minutes. Exercises for the development of flexibility The basis of the work on the development of flexibility is made up of exercises, during which there is an elongation of the muscles necessary for the athlete to perform any motor actions with the required amplitude. Such exercises are usually done at the beginning and end of each workout. There are two types of such exercises. Dynamic exercises Dynamic exercises these are repeated swing movements of the arms and legs, flexion, extension, twisting of the body, which are performed with a large amplitude and different speed. Examples of such exercises: Active free springy forward and side bends with constantly increasing amplitude (15-20 times). Mahi left and right foot forward and backward (10 12 times). Starting position of the leg at shoulder width. Bend back, reaching first right hand right heel, then left heel with left hand. Make 5 7 slopes to each leg. Starting position put your feet as wide as possible. Make springy forward bends with palms on the floor. Run times. Starting position partners stand with their backs to each other at a distance of centimeters. One of the partners has a ball in his hands. Both partners, without leaving their seats and without taking their legs off, pass the ball to each other with both hands, simultaneously turning either to the right or to the left. Run times. The pause between series of flexibility exercises is 1-2 minutes. Static exercises Static exercises are various postures in which a specific muscle or group of muscles is stretched for some time. Examples of such exercises: Starting position of the leg at shoulder width. Slowly lean forward, with your hands hanging freely and touching the floor with your palms. Slightly bend your legs at the knee joints, grab your toes with your hands, then straighten your knees. Make sure your breathing is even and calm. Hold position 6 for 12 seconds, then return to the starting position. Repeat 3-5 times with a rest of 5-10 seconds. Starting position sit on the floor, straighten one leg forward, bend the other at the knee joint, and bring the foot to the buttocks. Keep your torso straight. There is already a certain muscle stretch in this position, but if the level of flexibility

7 is good, you can complicate this exercise by tilting upper part body to the outstretched leg. Starting position of the leg at shoulder width. Make a wide lunge forward with your right foot, strongly bend the torso in hip joint and straighten the knee joint of the leg located behind. Look ahead. Hold this pose for sec. Return to starting position. After resting for 5 10 seconds, repeat the exercise, changing the position of the legs. Do 3-4 reps on each leg. Starting position of the main rack. With a straight back, sit on your heels, keep your knees together, turn your feet inward. Sit in this position for up to 20 seconds. You can lean back. Rest in starting position 5 10 seconds. Exercises for the development of coordination Acrobatic exercises A. Somersaults in forward tuck. 3 4 series of 3 5 repetitions. B. Forward roll combined with a 180 degree turn. 1 2 series of 3 5 repetitions. C. Back roll in tuck. 3 5 reps. D. Walking and various exercises in balance on balance beam: walking facing forward, left and right side, disperse with an oncoming partner. The height of the log is not more than centimeters. Outdoor games on a limited support area A. "Fight" on a balance beam. The height of the log is not more than centimeters. Those involved stand opposite each other and try to push the partner off the log due to gentle pushes and deceptive movements. Several pairs can be placed on one log. B. "Cockfight" on one leg. Those practicing in pairs in a limited area (2x2 meters) try to push their opponent over the line that limits the area, or make him touch the floor with his second foot. Exercises to develop a sense of balance Integral part a sense of balance is included in the coordination capabilities of a person. Equilibrium is static and dynamic. Static balance maintaining a posture for some time (“swallow”, stand on one leg, raised leg is pressed to the knee). Dynamic when the athlete leaves the pose and returns to it again. A. Walking on a plank 4-5 centimeters wide and 4-5 centimeters high, placed on the ground. B. Walking on an inclined board of the same dimensions. C. Slow, medium and fast circling in place.

8 D. Walking on bricks placed centimeters apart. E. Easy board running with 5 6 360 degree turns. F. Standing on the board, place your feet in line, close your eyes and keep your balance as long as possible. Relay races for coordination and balance A. Passing an obstacle course 15 meters long. Two teams are participating. From the starting line, a cone is placed every 5 meters (3 cones in total). A narrow board 3-4 meters long is laid from the starting line to the first cone, or a thin line is simply drawn on the ground. From the first to the second cone, two gymnastic mats are laid. At the signal of the coach, the starters run along a narrow board or line. Having reached the gymnastic mats, they do 2 somersaults forward. Between the second and third cones, participants make 1 2 360-degree turns in motion, run around the last cone and repeat all the exercises in reverse order, and then pass the baton to the next participant. Not only the speed of passing the distance is fixed, but also the mistakes made. For example, how many times the student lost balance while running on a narrow board, after doing 360-degree turns, etc. B. The scene is the same obstacle course. Starters move along the board first with their left side (in the opposite direction with their right side). Between the first and second cones, the participants do a forward somersault, turn 180 degrees, do another somersault, turn 180 degrees again. Between the second and third cones, they run face forward, making 360-degree turns in motion, first over the left shoulder, and then over the right, run around the last cone and return to the start line with the repetition of all tasks.

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Complex 1 Journey to Sportlandia Walking in a column one at a time bypassing the hall (platform) in alternation with running; walking and jogging. 1. 2. I. p. - main stance, arms along the body. 1-2 - arcs

MOBILE (PORTABLE) EQUIPMENT FOR TESTING CENTERS FOR PERFORMING TYPES OF TESTS (TESTS), TRP REGULATIONS All-Russian All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense"

Age Class Test exercises Test exercises are evaluation material intended to determine the dynamics of individual development of basic physical qualities. n / n Physical ability Control

Card file of individual self-studying Complex of special running exercises 1

Improving gymnastics for children 5-6 years old Penzulaeva L.I. Autumn period SEPTEMBER Complex 1 1. Walking in a column one at a time, on toes, hands on the belt; running in a column one at a time; walking and running in all directions;

Prepared by the teacher of physical culture MAOU SOSH 16 ShchMR MO Kadulina Natalya Vyacheslavovna Motor qualities Human activity in production, in everyday life, sports requires a certain level of development

Explanatory note

According to modern scientific views on the problem physical education children and youth, there is a process of reorientation from the acquired knowledge and skills to the spiritual and physical development of the individual, to its self-determination in society; from the assimilation of ready-made samples to obtaining physical education, namely the mastery of physical culture as a natural type of human activity and as a result of the physical education of children with motivation to choose physical culture and sports activities.

The program of additional education "General physical training" is based on the main sections of the program on physical culture of a general education school. The program is recommended for additional classes with children aged 7-17 years of educational institutions of all types and kinds.

Training of those involved in the program "General physical training"

carried out in three stages:

Stage 1 - involved in 7-10 years,

Stage 2 - involved 11-14 years old,

Stage 3 - involved in 14-17 years.

To implement this program, the teacher of additional education

selects educational material in accordance with the age and gender characteristics of those involved, material and technical equipment and methodological support of the educational process. Content educational material determinedin accordance with the educational, health and educational goals of the classes.

Classes are held three times a week for 2 academic hours.

1. Purpose of the program:

assistance to the comprehensive development of the personality of those involved through mastering the basics of physical education with a general developmental orientation, while ensuring the rights and opportunities of students to meet their needs in motor activity.

Tasks . The program is aimed at solving the main problemsphysical education:

Formation of a holistic view of the spiritual and physical

Human development in society;

Development of physical qualities and abilities of those involved;

Formation of knowledge about physical activity, its cultural and historical,

Psychological-pedagogical and medical-biological bases;

Improvement of skills in basic motor actions, formation

The skills of their integrated use in the game, competitive

Activities and self-study exercise;

Acquisition of knowledge and skills in performing physical exercises related to

With health promotion and fatigue prevention, physique correction

And the formation of correct posture;

Expanding the functionality of body systems, increasing its

Adaptive properties through the directed development of basic physical

Qualities and abilities;

Formation of applied skills and abilities for organizing leisure activities

activities;

Promoting the development of personal qualities: willpower, courage, perseverance,

Discipline, independence, sense of responsibility, etc.;

Development of organizational skills.

2. PERSPECTIVE

ACADEMIC PLAN

for students 7-17 years old

№№ P.p.		Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3
	Fundamentals of knowledge
	OFP and SFP of them: OFP SFP
	Control tests
	TOTAL:

1 stage of the program

for 7-10 year olds

The purpose of the 1st stage of the program:

Motivation of pupils of younger age to general physical

Preparation for strengthening health and improving performance.

Tasks of the 1st stage of the program:

1. mastering physical exercises by those involved in the sections of the state program on physical culture. The study technical elements athletics, volleyball, basketball, gymnastics, table tennis, ski training etc.;
2. improvement of posture, prevention of flat feet;
3. development of coordination abilities, movement in time, space. Differentiation of temporal and power parameters of movements (balance, rhythm, speed and accuracy of response to signals, coordination of movements, orientation in space). Development of conditioning abilities (endurance, flexibility, speed, speed-strength qualities);
4. formation of ideas about the main sports, the use of sports equipment and inventory;
5. compliance with safety regulations during classes and competitions;
6. education of personal qualities in the process of physical exercises: discipline, friendly attitude towards comrades, honesty,

Responsiveness, courage during exercise,

Promoting the development of mental processes in the course of physical activity.

EXEMPLARY

STAGE 1 CURRICULUM

for 7-10 year olds

№№ P.p.		Theory	Practice	Total hours
	Fundamentals of knowledge:
	History of physical culture. Influence of physical exercises, hardening procedures, personal hygiene and daily regimen on health promotion. Self control. Safety rules in the classroom Physical qualities and their relationship with the general development and injury prevention. Competition Rules
	OFP and SFP of them: general physical preparation Special physical training
	Control tests
	Control exercises Testing Participation in competitions Instructor and referee practice
	TOTAL:

STAGE 1 OF THE PROGRAM

for 7-10 year olds

At the first stage of the program, attention is paid to the formation of knowledge about personal hygiene, daily routine, the impact of exercise on health. Introduction to independent physical exercises, outdoor games, their use in free time on the basis of the formation of interests in certain types of physical activity and the identification of predisposition to certain sports,

At this stage, training in the technique of various sports begins.Attention is paid to the development of basic physical qualities: coordination, speed, speed-strength, endurance, flexibility.

1 section. KNOWLEDGE BASICS.

Health and physical development of a person. The structure of man. The position of the body in space (stances, grays, hangs, stops). Basic forms of movements (rotational, acyclic, cyclic). The work of the respiratory organs of cardio-vascular system. The role of vision, hearing in movements and movements. Influence of physical exercises, hardening procedures, personal hygiene and daily regimen on health promotion. Physical qualities and their connection with physical development. The meaning of muscle tension and relaxation. Rules for the formation of posture. Emotions and their regulation in the process of physical exercises. Methods for measuring pulse (heart rate before, during and after exercise). The concept of sports equipment, inventory. Rules of conduct for those involved. Safety in the classroom and at competitions. (See instructions #1 in the appendix). Competition rules.

2 section. GENERAL PHYSICAL AND SPECIAL TRAINING.

Gymnastics. Buildings and rebuildings: from one line to two and back; from a column one at a time to a column of two, three.

General developmental exercises without objects, with objects (large and small balls, jump ropes, gymnastic sticks).

Exercises on the gymnastic wall, gymnastic bench.

Acrobatic exercises.Grouping. Rolls. Somersault forward. Somersault back. Blade stand. "Bridge". Turn off the bridge. Handstand. Flip to the side.

Athletics . Walking is normal and with a change in the position of the arms, torso, legs. The run is straight, uniform, with acceleration, with a change in direction and pace of movement, with overcoming obstacles. Running in a column of two, three people. Running exercises. High and low start. Starting acceleration. Running on short distances 10,15,...,30, 60 m. Slow run up to 10 minutes. Cross300-500-1000 m relay race.

Throwing. Throwing a tennis ball at a target and at a distance from a place, from 3 steps of a run to a distance.

jumping exercises. Long jump with a running start using the "bending legs" method. High jump from a direct run-up, in the "stepping over" method. Jumping on two legs, on one leg, from foot to foot, from a place, from a height. Rope jumping.

overcoming lanes of 5-6 obstaclesby jumping and running.

Outdoor games . Games for attention: “Forbidden movement”, “What has changed”, “Guess whose voice”, “Owl”.

Running games: “Carp and pike”, “Cones, acorns

WORKING PROGRAMM

sports section

"General physical preparation"

Sinitsina E.A.

physical culture teacher

EXPLANATORY NOTE:

Relevance (novelty) of the program.

Goals and objectives of the program.

Forms and methods of organizing classes.

Requirements for a training session.

Psychological, physiological and physical characteristics of children of middle school age.

Organization of educational and training activities.

Material and technical base for the implementation of the program.

Expected results.

Analysis of results.

Control and measuring materials.

Group GNP-1 (first year of study)

Group GNP-2 (second year of study)

Group GNP-3 (third year of study)

DISTRIBUTION OF TRAINING TIME FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRAM MATERIAL

CALENDAR AND THEMATIC PLANNING FOR STUDENTS GNP -1 (first year of study)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPS

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This program for general physical training is compiled in accordance with the Law Russian Federation"On Education" dated 10.07.92. No. 3266-1, as amended by federal laws of 01/13/96. No. 12-FZ, dated 11/16/97. No. 144-FZ, 20.07.2000 No. 102-FZ, No. 122-FZ dated 07.08.2000, No. 20-FZ dated 13.02.2002, Model regulation on educational institution additional education for children (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 07.03.95. No. 233), regulatory documents of the Ministry of General and Vocational Education of the Russian Federation and the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism, regulating the activities of institutions of additional education for children sports orientation.

Working programm designed for implementation in primary school. Topics and sections are selected taking into account the available material base and local climatic conditions.

Relevance of this program lies in the fact that the priority task of the Russian state is the worldwide support of physical culture and mass sports, as an important basis for the improvement of the nation.

The concept of "health" is not only the absence of diseases and physical defects, but also the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of a person. Therefore, the health of the student is a quality criterion modern education.

In connection with the deterioration of the health of children, the protection and promotion of the health of children and adolescents is one of the main directions in the activities of the school.

The reasons for the deterioration of the health of children are:

Non-compliance of the system of teaching children with hygiene standards;

Curriculum overload;

Deterioration of the ecological situation;

Insufficient or unbalanced nutrition;

Stress impacts;

The spread of unhealthy habits.

In this regard, it is necessary to organize the educational process at school, taking into account the psychological comfort and value of each individual personality, the individual psychophysical characteristics of students, to provide an opportunity for creative activity and self-realization of the individual, it is necessary to include along with pedagogical medical and preventive activities. If all this is taken into account, the health of students will be preserved, skills and a positive attitude towards a healthy lifestyle will be formed.

OFP is not a sport, but no sport can do without it. Therefore, for a child that every sane parent would like to introduce to sports, OFP is the foundation.

OFP is a system of physical exercises aimed at developing all physical qualities - endurance, strength, agility, flexibility, speed in their harmonious combination.

OFP is a way of developing or maintaining physical qualities, that is, an internal, physiological, biochemical level.

Novelty program lies in the fact that it was compiled in support of the main work program in physical education for students in grades 5-8 of educational institutions. Also, the novelty of this program lies in the fact that it traces an in-depth study of various types sports training using special exercises on the development of coordination abilities, strength, power endurance, running endurance, speed in running, mastering the technique of motor actions and tactics in game activity.

An important condition for the implementation of this program is the preservation of its educational orientation.

aim is the mastery of skills and abilities to use the means and methods of motor activity in various forms. Achievement of this goal is ensured by the solution of the following tasks:

1. Educational:

Technical and tactics sports games, athletics, gymnastics with elements of acrobatics;

Teaching the simplest organizational skills, the necessary concepts and theoretical information on physical culture and sports;

2. Educational:

Education of the habit of physical culture and sports, both collectively and independently.

3. Wellness:

Expansion of motor experience by mastering motor actions;

Strengthening health, physical development and increasing the efficiency of students;

Education of individual mental traits and characteristics in communication and collective interaction by means and methods of team-game activity;

Creation of ideas about individual physical capabilities, adaptive properties of the body and ways to improve them in order to improve health;

Teaching the basics of physiology and hygiene of physical education, injury prevention, physique correction.

In accordance with the socio-economic needs of modern society, its further development, the goal of physical education in a general educational institution is to promote the comprehensive development of the individual. The orientation towards the comprehensive development of the personality presupposes the mastery of the basics of physical culture by students, the components of which are: good health, good physical development, the optimal level of motor abilities, knowledge and skills in the field of physical culture; motives and mastered ways (skills) to carry out physical culture and health and sports activities.

FORMS AND METHODS OF ORGANIZING LESSONS

Classes are conducted on the basis of general methodological principles. Visualization methods are used (exercise demonstration, demonstration of visual aids), game and competitive. When studying general developmental exercises, complexes and games, the demonstration should be holistic and exemplary, and the explanation should be elementary and simple.

Forms of classes:

Group and individual forms of classes - theoretical, practical, combined. The combined form is used more often and includes the theoretical: conversation, briefing, viewing illustrations - and the practical part: general physical education and games;

Health-improving classes;

Holidays;

Competition;

relay races;

Hometasks.

Methods and techniques of the educational process:

Information and cognitive (conversations, demonstration);

Creative (educational games);

Methods of control and self-control (introspection, testing, conversations).

REQUIREMENTS FOR A TRAINING SESSION

Each training lesson has a clear target orientation, specific and clear pedagogical tasks that determine the content of the lesson, the choice of methods, means of training and education, ways of organizing students. At each lesson, as a rule, a complex of interrelated tasks is solved: educational, health-improving and educational. Improving and educational tasks go through the entire process of physical education and are solved at each lesson.

Each training session is a link in the system of the training process, linked in a logical sequence, built one after another and aimed at mastering the educational material of a particular topic. In turn, the topics are coordinated with each other, the volume of educational material is determined, taking into account the stage of teaching motor actions, positive and negative transfer, and the readiness of students.

The most important requirement of a training session is to provide a differentiated and individual approach to students, taking into account their state of health, gender, physical development, motor fitness, features of the development of mental properties and qualities, and compliance with hygiene standards.

Basis for planning training sessions is a material for mastering motor skills and abilities.

When planning the material for the passage of the program, the climatic and geographical features of the region, the state of the material and technical base of the institution are taken into account. In close connection with the planning of material for the development of motor abilities, all components of the load are planned: the amount of work, intensity, duration and nature of rest, the number of repetitions of exercises. The load of classes increases gradually and in waves.

PSYCHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN OF MIDDLE SCHOOL AGE

Features of educational activity of children are determined by their age-related physiological, psychological and physical features.

At this age, puberty occurs. The activity of the endocrine glands, in particular the gonads, is enhanced. Secondary sexual characteristics appear. The body of a teenager shows great fatigue due to cardinal changes in it.

Attention is arbitrary, selective. A teenager can focus on interesting material for a long time.

Memorization in concepts, directly related to the comprehension, analysis and systematization of information, comes to the fore.

Adolescence is characterized by critical thinking. Students of this age are characterized by great exactingness to the reported information: "a teenager strenuously requires evidence." Improves the ability to think abstractly.

The manifestation of emotions in adolescents is often quite violent. Anger is especially strong. For this age, stubbornness, selfishness, withdrawal into oneself, sharpness of feelings, conflicts with others are quite characteristic. These manifestations allowed teachers and psychologists to talk about the crisis of adolescence. Crisis phenomena are often associated with the formation of a holistic identity - the process of self-determination (E. Erickson, J. Marcia). The formation of identity requires a person to rethink their connections with others, their place among other people.

In adolescence, an intensive moral and social formation of the personality takes place. There is a process of formation of moral ideals and moral convictions. Often they are unstable, contradictory.

Communication between adolescents and adults differs significantly from communication between younger students. Adolescents often do not consider adults as possible partners in free communication, they perceive adults as a source of organization and provision for their lives, and the organizational function of adults is perceived by adolescents most often only as restrictive - regulating. The number of questions addressed to teachers is reduced. The questions asked concern, first of all, the organization and content of the life of adolescents in those cases in which they cannot do without the relevant information and instructions from adults. The number of ethical issues is reduced. Compared with the previous age, the authority of the teacher as a bearer of social norms and a possible assistant in solving complex life problems is significantly reduced.

The organization of educational activities of adolescents is the most important and most difficult task. A student of middle school age is quite capable of understanding the arguments of a teacher, a parent, and agreeing with reasonable arguments. However, in view of the peculiarities of thinking characteristic of a given age, a teenager will no longer be satisfied with the process of reporting information in a finished, finished form. He will want to check their reliability, to make sure that his judgments are correct. Arguments with teachers, parents, friends are a characteristic feature of this age. Their important role lies in the fact that they allow you to exchange views on the topic, verify the truth of your views and generally accepted views, and express yourself.

Adolescents should be offered to compare, find common and distinctive features, highlight the main thing, establish causal relationships, and draw conclusions. It is also important to encourage independence of thinking, the statement of the student's own point of view.

Features of attention cause a particularly careful approach to the selection of the content of the material in the organization of educational activities. For a teenager, interesting, fascinating information that stimulates his imagination and makes him think will be of great importance. But slight excitability, interest in the unusual, bright, often cause involuntary switching of attention.

A good effect is the periodic change of activities.

It is necessary to focus the attention of adolescents on the connection of acquired knowledge with practical life.

Features of the physical development of children of middle school age

In adolescence, the growth rate of the skeleton increases significantly up to 7-10 cm, body weight - up to 4.5-9 kg per year. Boys lag behind girls in the rate of weight gain and body length by 1-2 years. The ossification process has not yet been completed. The length of the body increases mainly due to the growth of the body. Muscle fibers, developing, do not keep pace with the growth of tubular bones in length. The state of muscle tension and body proportions change. Muscle mass after 13-14 years in boys increases faster than in girls. By the age of 14-15, the structure muscle fibers approaching morphological maturity.

The heart grows intensively, growing organs and tissues make increased demands on it, and its innervation increases. The growth of blood vessels lags behind the growth rate of the heart, so blood pressure rises, the rhythm of cardiac activity is disturbed, and fatigue quickly sets in. The blood flow is difficult, often there is shortness of breath, there is a feeling of constriction in the region of the heart.

Morphological structure chest limits the movement of the ribs, therefore breathing is frequent and shallow, although the lungs grow and breathing improves. The vital capacity of the lungs increases, the type of breathing is finally formed: in boys - abdominal, in girls - chest.

Sex differences between boys and girls affect body size and functionality of the body. Compared to boys, girls have a relatively long torso, short legs, and a massive pelvic girdle. All this reduces their ability to run, jump, throw compared to boys. muscles shoulder girdle are less developed than in boys, and this affects the results in throwing, pulling up, resting, climbing, but they are better at rhythmic and plastic movements, exercises in balance and on the accuracy of movements.

Functional state nervous system is under the increased influence of the endocrine glands. Adolescents are characterized by increased irritability, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. Adolescents are very sensitive to unfair decisions and actions. External reactions in strength and nature are inadequate to the stimuli that cause them.

Boys often overestimate their motor abilities, try to figure everything out on their own, do everything on their own. Girls are less confident in their abilities.

Adolescents are very sensitive to the assessments of adults, they react sharply to any infringement of their dignity, they do not tolerate teachings, especially long ones.

When organizing physical education at this age, excessive loads on the musculoskeletal, joint-ligamentous and muscular apparatus are undesirable. They can provoke a delay in the growth of tubular bones in length and accelerate the process of ossification. Flexibility exercises require preliminary preparatory exercises that warm up the muscles and ligaments, and exercises to relax the muscle groups involved. You can not perform movements too abruptly. Continue to pay attention to correct posture. Exercises that put a significant strain on the heart should be alternated with breathing exercises. Prolonged intensive loads are poorly tolerated, therefore, for example, intensive running is recommended to be alternated with walking.

It is necessary to widely use special breathing exercises to deepen breathing. Learn to breathe deeply, rhythmically, without a sudden change in pace.

It is not recommended to combine boys and girls in one group. The same exercises for boys and girls are performed with different dosages and in different conditions simplified for girls. The load is dosed taking into account the individual data of each student. Recommended for girls different kinds aerobics and exercises performed to music.

ORGANIZATION OF TRAINING ACTIVITIES

The age of children for whom the general physical education program is designed is 11-15 years.

The work schedule per week is 5 hours, the occupancy of training groups is 15 people (at all stages of training in general physical education groups). The age of the beginning of classes in the groups of GNP-1 students is 11-12 years old, GNP-2 student is 13-14 years old, GNP-3 student is 14-15 years old. Classes are held 3 times a week.

MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASE

FOR PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

Location:

Playground;

Class (for theoretical studies);

Gym.

Inventory:

Volleyballs;

Basketballs;

Skittles or towns;

Jump ropes;

tennis balls;

small balls;

Gymnastic wall;

Gymnastic benches;

Volleyball net;

Shields with baskets;

Stopwatch;

This program is implemented on the basis of the Kotovo boarding school

EXPECTED RESULTS

personal results students mastering the content of the section program are the following skills:

- actively engage in communication and interaction with peers on the principles of respect and goodwill, mutual assistance and empathy;

- show positive personality traits and manage their emotions in various (non-standard) situations and conditions;

- show discipline, diligence and perseverance in achieving goals;

- provide disinterested assistance to their peers, find with them mutual language and common interests.

Metasubject outcomes(cognitive, regulatory, communicative UUD)

- characterize phenomena (actions and deeds), give them an objective assessment based on the acquired knowledge and experience;

- find errors in the performance of training tasks, select ways to correct them;

— communicate and interact with peers on the principles of mutual respect and mutual assistance, friendship and tolerance;

- organize independent activities, taking into account the requirements of its safety, the safety of inventory and equipment, the organization of the place of employment;

- plan your own activities, distribute the load and rest in the process of its implementation;

- analyze and objectively evaluate the results of their own work, find opportunities and ways to improve them;

- to see the beauty of movements, to highlight and justify aesthetic features in the movements and movements of a person;

- evaluate the beauty of the physique and posture, compare them with reference samples;

- manage emotions when communicating with peers and adults, maintain composure, restraint, prudence;

– it is technically correct to perform motor actions from basic sports, to use them in game and competitive activities.

Substantive results

- present classes in the section as a means of promoting health, physical development and physical training of a person;

- provide all possible assistance and moral support to peers in the performance of educational tasks, kindly and respectfully explain mistakes and ways to eliminate them;

- to organize and conduct outdoor games and elements of competitions with peers, to carry out their objective refereeing;

- handle inventory and equipment with care, comply with safety requirements for venues;

– organize and conduct physical culture classes with different target orientation, select physical exercises for them and perform them with a given load dosage;

- characterize physical activity in terms of heart rate, regulate its intensity during classes for the development of physical qualities;

- interact with peers according to the rules of outdoor games and competitions;

— explain in an accessible form the rules (techniques) for performing motor actions, analyze and find errors, and effectively correct them;

- give combat commands, keep count when performing general developmental exercises;

- to find distinctive features in the performance of a motor action by different students, to highlight features and elements;

– perform acrobatic and gymnastic combinations at a high technical level, characterize the signs of technical performance;

– perform technical actions from basic sports, apply them in game and competitive activities;

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS

Program development is carried out in the following ways:

current control of knowledge in the process of oral questioning;

current control of skills and abilities in the process of monitoring individual work;

thematic control of skills and abilities after studying the topics;

mutual control;

self-control;

final control of skills and abilities;

health monitoring: the number of acute diseases per year, indicators of physical development, health group.

CONTROL AND MEASURING MATERIALS

Basic requirements for the level of preparedness

Testing of physical fitness allows using control exercises (tests) - standardized in terms of content, form and conditions for performing motor actions - to determine the level of development of individual physical qualities, i.e. the level of physical fitness of those involved.

The control exercises (tests) listed below are very indicative; on their basis, appropriate conclusions are drawn and, if necessary, adjustments are made to the training process. For example, if the level of physical fitness of those involved does not increase or becomes lower, then it is necessary to review the content, methods of training, and physical activity.

(Methods of motor activity)

Gymnastic exercises

Gymnastic exercises are one of the main parts of the content of physical education classes. The program material includes the simplest types of constructions and rebuildings, a large range of general developmental exercises without objects and with various objects, exercises in climbing and climbing, in balance, simple acrobatic and dance exercises and exercises on gymnastic equipment.

Great importance is attached to general developmental exercises without objects. With their help, you can successfully solve a wide variety of tasks and, above all, educational ones. Performing these exercises on the instructions of the teacher, and then on their own, students get an idea of ​​​​the diverse world of movements, which, especially at first, is new or unusual for them. It is novelty and unusualness that are the undoubted signs by which they can be attributed to exercises that promote the development of various coordination abilities. The number of general developmental exercises is virtually limitless. When choosing them for each lesson, you should go from the simpler, mastered, to the more complex. The lesson should include from 3-4 to 7-8 such exercises. Spending about 3-6 minutes at each lesson on general developmental exercises without objects, after a few months of regular classes, students can significantly improve real kinesthetic perceptions and ideas about speed, rhythm, tempo, amplitude and degree of muscle effort. The teacher must constantly pay attention to the correct (i.e., adequate and accurate), as well as timely (for example, to the score or music) performance of general developmental exercises. Each lesson should include new general developmental exercises or their variants, since repeated repetition of the same exercises will not give the desired effect, they will be of no interest to students.

One of the most important means of comprehensive development of coordination abilities are general developmental exercises with objects: small and large balls, sticks, flags, ribbon, hoop. There can be an unlimited number of exercises and combinations with objects. The teacher must remember that exercises with objects must contain elements of novelty. If familiar exercises are used for this purpose, they should be performed while changing individual characteristics of movement (spatial, temporal, power) or the entire form of habitual motor action. Among exercises with objects, the most attention should be paid to exercises with large and small balls.

In the future, training in gymnastic exercises is enriched, expanded and deepened. Exercises in constructions and rebuildings, general developmental exercises without objects and with objects (stuffed balls, sticks, hoops, ropes, maces, ribbons), acrobatic exercises, vaults, exercises in the hangs and emphasis on various gymnastic apparatus become more difficult.

After mastering the individual elements, gymnastic exercises are recommended to be performed in bundles, varying the combinations, sequence and number of exercises included in simple combinations.

When completing tasks for building and rebuilding, it is not recommended to spend a lot of time on their implementation, it is advisable to spend them more often in a playful way. Particular importance should be attached to maintaining correct posture, accuracy of initial and final positions, movements of the body and limbs.

The gymnastic exercises included in the program of the GNP-3 group are aimed primarily at developing strength, power and speed endurance of various muscle groups. In this regard, they are distinguished by a large electoral orientation. The material of the program also includes a large set of exercises that affect the development of various coordination abilities and flexibility.

A wide variety, the possibility of a strictly directed influence make gymnastic exercises an indispensable tool and method for developing coordination (rhythm, balance, differentiation of spatial, temporal and power parameters of movements, orientation in space, coordination of movements) and conditioning abilities (strength of arms, legs, torso, strength endurance, flexibility).

Outdoor games

Outdoor games are an indispensable means of solving a complex of interrelated tasks of educating a student's personality, developing his various motor abilities and improving skills. Outdoor games are aimed at developing creativity, imagination, attention, fostering initiative, independence of action, developing the ability to comply with the rules of public order. Achieving these goals depends more on the skillful organization and compliance with the methodological requirements for the conduct, rather than on the content of the games itself.

The variety of motor actions that are part of outdoor games has a complex effect on the improvement of coordination and conditioning abilities (reaction abilities, orientation in space and time, restructuring of motor actions, speed and speed-strength abilities, etc.).

With the help of games, the foundations of gaming activities are laid, aimed at improving, first of all, natural movements (walking, running, jumping, throwing), elementary game skills (catching the ball, passing, throwing, hitting the ball) and technical and tactical interactions (choosing a place , interaction with a partner, team and opponent), necessary for further mastery of sports games.

As a result of training, students should get acquainted with many games, which will help to develop interest in gaming activities, the ability to independently select and play them with friends in their free time.

Mandatory conditions for building classes in outdoor games (especially with balls) are a clear organization and reasonable discipline based on the exact observance of the commands, instructions and orders of the teacher; ensuring continuity in the development of new exercises; strict adherence to didactic principles. After mastering the basic version of the game, it is recommended to vary the conditions of the game, the number of participants, inventory, the time of the game, etc.

Track and field exercises

Running, jumping and throwing, being natural types of movements, occupy one of the main places in physical education. Using these exercises, the teacher solves two problems. Firstly, it contributes to the development of the basics of rational movement technique. Secondly, it enriches the child's motor experience, using for this all kinds of exercises and the conditions for their implementation. As a result, students acquire the basic skills of running for short and long distances, long and high jumps from a place and from a run, throwing at a target and at a distance. Running, jumping and throwing are characterized by great variability in execution and application in various conditions.

After mastering the basics of athletics exercises in running, jumping and throwing, systematic training begins in sprinting, running for medium and long distances, long jumps and high jumps, throwing.

This material contributes to the further development and improvement, first of all, of conditional (speed, speed-strength, flexibility and endurance) and coordination abilities (to reactions, differentiation of temporal, spatial and power parameters of movements, orientation in space, sense of rhythm). The main point in teaching track and field exercises is to master the coordination of the movements of the run-up with repulsion and the run-up with the release of the projectile. After stable fulfillment of the motor actions being learned, it is necessary to diversify the conditions of fulfillment, the range of takeoff in throwing and jumping, the weight and shape of throwing projectiles, ways of overcoming natural and artificial obstacles, etc. to ensure applicability and further development of coordination and conditioning abilities.

It should be noted that the same exercise can be used both for teaching motor skills and for developing coordination and conditioning abilities. Their predominant impact on skills or abilities is determined only by methodological orientation.

Track and field exercises are recommended to be carried out mainly in the game and competitive form which should bring joy and pleasure to children. The systematic conduct of these exercises allows students to master the simplest forms of competitions and rules, and a competent objective assessment of their achievements is an incentive for further improvement of results. All this together contributes to the formation moral and volitional qualities personality of the child, such as discipline, confidence, endurance, honesty, a sense of camaraderie and collectivism.

Sport games

In terms of its impact, a sports game is the most complex and universal means of a child's development.

Specially selected game exercises performed individually, in groups, teams, outdoor games and tasks with the ball create unlimited opportunities for the development of primarily coordination ones (orientation in space, speed of reaction and restructuring of motor actions, accuracy of differentiation and evaluation of spatial, temporal and power parameters of movements , the ability to coordinate individual movements into integral combinations) and conditioning abilities (strength, endurance, speed), as well as all kinds of combinations of these groups of abilities.

At the same time, the material on sports games has a multilateral influence on the development of the student's mental processes (perception, attention, memory, thinking, imagination, etc.), the education of moral and volitional qualities, which is created by the need to comply with the rules and conditions of game exercises and the game itself, harmonization of individual, group and team interactions of partners and rivals.

In training groups, it is necessary to strive to teach children to coordinate individual and simple team technical and tactical interactions (with the ball and without the ball) in attack and defense, starting with the use of outdoor games selected for this purpose (such as "Fight for the ball", "Ball to the captain" ) and special, gradually becoming more complex game exercises (forms).

Game exercises and forms of classes create favorable conditions for independent performance of tasks with the ball, the implementation in practice of an individual and differentiated approach to students with significant individual differences (abilities). In this regard, special care should be taken to surround children with poor play training, actively including them in the implementation of various types of play activities.

Among the methods of organizing students in the classroom, it is advisable to more often use the method circuit training, including exercises with a ball at the stations, aimed at developing specific coordination and conditioning abilities, improving basic techniques.

The material of games is an excellent means and method of forming the needs, interests and emotions of students. In this regard, teaching game material contributes to independent practice of sports games.

Group GNP-1 (first year of study)

Tasks:

Strengthening health, improving posture, preventing flat feet; promotion of harmonic physical development; development of resistance to adverse environmental conditions; - mastering the school of movements;

Development of coordination (accuracy of reproduction and differentiation of spatial, temporal and power parameters of movements, balance, rhythm, speed and accuracy of response to signals, coordination of movements, orientation in space) and conditioning (speed, speed-strength, endurance and flexibility) abilities;

Introduction to independent physical exercises, outdoor games, their use in free time on the basis of the formation of interests in certain types of physical activity and the identification of predisposition to certain sports;

Education of discipline, a friendly attitude towards comrades, honesty, responsiveness, courage during physical exercises; assistance in the development of mental processes (imagination, memory, thinking, etc.) in the course of motor activity.

Distinctive feature training sessions in study group GNP-1, is the emphasis on solving educational problems: mastering the school of movements, the formation of elementary knowledge about the basics of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle. These tasks must be solved in close connection with the development, first of all, of various coordination and conditioning abilities. The result of solving the educational tasks of the lesson should be the developed ability and interest of students to independently engage in physical exercises, outdoor games and use them in their free time. In the process of classes, the teacher must determine the student's predisposition to certain sports and facilitate the start of classes in these sports.

Much attention in each lesson the teacher should pay to the education of young athletes such moral and volitional qualities as discipline, a benevolent attitude towards comrades, honesty, responsiveness, courage during physical exercises, and also promote the development of mental processes (imagination, memory, thinking, etc.).

The organization and methods of conducting classes in the GNP-1 group largely depend on the age characteristics of students. When teaching motor actions, preference should be given to a holistic method, focusing on mastering the school of movements. When conducting classes, it is especially important to correctly name the exercises, accurately demonstrate them, and correct mistakes in a timely manner.

Movement training and development physical abilities students of this age are closely related. The same exercise can be used both for teaching a motor skill and for developing coordination and conditioning abilities. Their predominant impact on the formation of a motor skill or on the development of motor ability is determined only by the methodological orientation. The skillful combination of the development of coordination, conditioning abilities with the teaching of motor skills in the classroom is a distinctive feature of a well-organized pedagogical process.

Speaking about the features of teaching movements, the development of physical abilities in primary school age, it is necessary to highlight the problem of the optimal ratio of the method of standard-repeated and variable (variable) exercises. As soon as students begin to confidently perform mastered motor actions, the method of standard-repeated exercise should give way to the method of variable exercise, which at primary school age should be combined with the wide use of the game and accessible competitive method.

School age is a favorable period for the development of all coordination and conditioning abilities. However, special attention at this age should be paid to the comprehensive development of coordination, speed (reactions and frequency of movements), endurance to moderate loads, speed-strength abilities.

To achieve the optimal general and motor density of the lesson, it is necessary to widely use non-standard equipment, technical training aids, and available simulators.

A distinctive feature of schoolchildren is their great desire, interest, cognitive activity, high emotionality during classes. Therefore, in the classroom, a clear organization, reasonable discipline, based on the exact observance of the commands, instructions and instructions of the teacher, should be combined with providing them with a certain freedom and independence of action, tasks that stimulate creativity and initiative.

Group GNP-2 (second year of study)

Tasks:

Promoting harmonious physical development, strengthening the skills of correct posture and resistance to adverse environmental conditions, fostering value orientations towards a healthy lifestyle and personal hygiene habits;

Teaching the basics of basic types of motor actions; further development of coordination (orientation in space, restructuring of motor actions, speed and accuracy of response to signals, coordination of movements, rhythm, balance, accuracy of reproduction and differentiation of the main parameters of movements) and conditioning abilities (speed-strength, speed, endurance, strength and flexibility) ;

One of major tasks classes at this stage of training - ensuring further comprehensive development of coordination abilities (orientation in space, speed of rebuilding motor actions, speed and accuracy of motor reactions, coordination of movements, rhythm, balance, accuracy of reproduction and differentiation of power, temporal and spatial parameters of movements) and conditional ( speed-strength, speed, endurance, strength, flexibility) abilities, as well as a combination of these abilities.

In the GNP-2 group of the second year of training, it is necessary to gradually increase the requirements for the speed and rationality of the implementation of the studied motor actions, and, finally, for resourcefulness when performing exercises in changing conditions.

In this regard, the teacher must skillfully move from the methods of standard-repetitive to variable exercise, game and competitive methods.

In turn, in this period of the life of children, the development of coordination abilities must be organically linked with the education of speed, speed-strength abilities, as well as endurance and flexibility.

To do this, in the classroom, general and specially developing coordination exercises and alternate them with exercises that affect the indicated conditioning abilities.

Group GNP-3 (third year of study)

Tasks:

Promoting harmonious physical development, developing skills to use physical exercises, hygiene factors and environmental conditions to improve health;

The solution of motor experience through mastering new motor actions and the formation of skills to apply them in conditions of various complexity;

Further development of conditioning (strength, speed-strength, endurance, speed and flexibility) and coordination abilities (speed, restructuring of motor actions, coordination, ability to voluntary muscle relaxation, vestibular stability, etc.);

Strengthening the need for regular exercise and a chosen sport.

In the GNP-3 training group, the further enrichment of motor experience continues, the increase in the coordination basis by mastering new, even more complex motor actions, and the ability to apply them in conditions of varying complexity is developed.

In close relationship with the consolidation and improvement of motor skills (techniques and tactics), work is carried out on the versatile development of conditional (strength, speed-strength, endurance, speed, flexibility) and coordination abilities (speed of rebuilding and coordination of motor actions, abilities for voluntary muscle relaxation, vestibular stability), as well as a combination of these abilities.

The work is being deepened to consolidate the need for regular physical exercises in children, the formation of adequate self-esteem in them, the emphasis is placed on the education of such moral and volitional qualities of a person as self-awareness, worldview, collectivism, purposefulness, endurance, self-control, as well as on the development of mental processes and learning the basics of self-regulation.

The purpose of applying these methodological approaches is to educate students in the desire for self-knowledge, increase motivation and develop cognitive interest in physical exercises.

For the simultaneous consolidation and improvement of motor skills (technique) and development of the corresponding coordination and conditioning abilities, it is necessary to repeatedly repeat specially preparatory exercises purposefully and more often changing the individual parameters of movements or their combinations, the conditions for performing these exercises, gradually increasing the intensity and volume physical activity. To this end, it is recommended to use a variety of methodological techniques related to the method of variable (variable) exercise, game and competitive. In this way, a versatile development of various motor abilities is achieved and the connection between the development of abilities and in-depth technical and tactical improvement is ensured.

Students are able to consciously control their movements, can simultaneously perceive complex actions, are more organized, focused, deep and accurate thinking. Therefore, in classes with them, it is recommended to use the so-called specialized tools, methods and methodological techniques much more widely: visual aids, diagrams, models that reveal the features of the biomechanics of movements, video recording, the method of "ideomotor" exercise; means and techniques of duplication, orientation and selective demonstration; techniques and conditions for directed "feeling" of movements, methods of urgent information.

The work uses all known methods of organizing a lesson: frontal, group and individual. At the same time, it is recommended to apply the method individual assignments, additional exercises, tasks for mastering motor actions, developing physical abilities, taking into account the type of physique, inclinations, physical and technical-tactical readiness. To accurately control individual exercise tolerance, it is recommended to use the known variants of circuit training more widely.

The passage of educational material (study of the educational topic) should be carried out in a logical sequence, in a system of interrelated classes. At the same time, the teacher must correctly link the topics to each other, determine the amount of educational material for each lesson, take into account the stage of learning motor action, conduct training in accordance with the positive transfer of motor skills, the level of technical and physical fitness of the student.

Calendar and thematic planning for students of GNP-1

(first year of study)

lessons	the date holding	Chapter		Number of hours
		Theory (1 hour)	Conversation: "Physical culture and sport".
		Athletics (16 hours)	Short distance running.
			Short distance running.
			Low start, high start.
			Starts. Starting acceleration.
			Start run.
			Finishing.
			Middle distance running.
			Middle distance running.
			Cross training.
			Cross training.
		Control tests (3 hours)	Control tests.
		Athletics (2 hours)
			Autumn athletics cross.
		Special training(3 hours)	Special training.
			General physical preparation.
			General physical preparation.
		Basketball (13h)
			Passing the ball on the spot.
		Special training (1 hour)	Special training.
			General physical preparation.
		Basketball (10 hours)	Throws the ball into the basket, on the move.
			Feints. educational game.
			Preparation for the competition.
			Basketball competition.
			Basketball competition.
		Volleyball (26 hours)	Volleyball safety precautions.
			Racks, movement in racks.
			Receiving and passing the ball.
			Educational game.
			Volleyball competitions.
			Volleyball competitions.
			Bottom straight feed. Educational game.
			Bottom straight feed.
			Top direct feed.
			Serving the ball in zones. Swimming competition.
		General physical training (1 hour)	General physical preparation.
		Special training (4 hours)
			Special training.
		Volleyball (1 hour)
		Theory (1 hour)	Conversation: "Hygiene, injury prevention, self-control."
		Volleyball (3 hours)
		General physical training (1 hour)	General physical preparation.
		Control tests (3 hours)	Control tests
		Gymnastics with elements of acrobatics (15 hours)
			General developmental exercises (with objects).
			General developmental exercises.
			Gymnastic combination of mastered elements.
			Gymnastic combination.
		Theory (1 hour)	Conversation: “Injuries. Providing first aid.
		General physical training (1 hour)	General physical preparation.
		Outdoor games (10 hours)
			Outdoor games with elements of volleyball.
			Outdoor games with elements of acrobatics.
			Mobile games with elements of basketball.
		Special training (1 hour)	Special training.
			General physical preparation.
			General physical preparation.
		Theory (1 hour)	Conversation: "Competition rules, equipment, inventory"
		Basketball (17 hours)	Passing the ball on the spot. Throws in the basket.
			Passing the ball on the move, changing places.
			Dribbling the ball with a change in direction and speed.
			Throws the ball into the basket, on the move.
			Feints. Educational game.
			Pulling and kicking the ball.
			Referee practice. Rules. Refereeing.
			Combinations of mastered elements.
			Educational game. Refereeing.
		Theory (1 hour)	Conversation: "The value of physical culture and sports."
		General physical training (8 hours)	General physical preparation.
			General physical preparation.
			General physical preparation.
			General physical preparation.
		Athletics (3 pm)
			High jump with 7-9 running steps.
			High jump for the result.
			Low start, high start.
			Starts. Starting acceleration.
			Finishing.
			Middle distance running.
			Middle distance running.
			Cross training up to 10 min.
			Cross training up to 15 min.
		Control tests (3 hours)	Control tests
		Athletics (7 hours)	Long jump with a running start "bending legs".
			Long jump with a running start "bending legs". Phases.
			Long jump with a running start "bending legs" for the result
			Throwing a small ball.
	Reserve day	General physical preparation (3 hours)	General physical preparation.
	Reserve day	Special training (1 hour)	Special training.

Calendar and thematic planning for students of GNP-2

(second year of study)

lessons	the date holding	Chapter		Number of hours
		Theory (2 hours)	Conversations: "Physical culture and sports", "Hygiene, injury prevention, self-control".
		Athletics (16 hours)	Short distance running.
			Starts. Starting acceleration. Short distance running.
			Start run. Middle distance running.
			Finishing. Middle distance running.
			Throwing a small ball for a distance.
			Throwing a small ball at a target. Cross training.
			Throwing a small ball for a distance. Cross training.
			Cross training.
		Control tests (2 hours)	Control tests.
		Athletics (2 hours)	Preparing for the autumn track and field cross-country.
		Special training (2 hours)	Special training.
		General physical training (2 hours)	General physical preparation.
		Basketball (12h)	Basketball safety.
			Racks, movement in racks. Ball passes.
			Passing the ball on the move, changing places.
			Dribbling the ball with a change in direction and speed.
			Throws the ball into the basket, from the spot.
			Throws the ball into the basket, on the move.
		Special training (2 hours)	Special training.
		General physical training (2 hours)	General physical preparation.
		Basketball (12 hours)	Throws the ball into the basket, on the move.
			Feints. Educational game.
			Psychological preparation. Educational game.
			Preparation for the competition.
			Basketball competition.
			Basketball competition.
		Volleyball (26 hours)	Volleyball safety precautions. Racks.
			Standing movements. Ball passes.
			Passing the ball on the spot, on the move.
			Passes from above and below with two hands.
			Attack blow.
			Serving the ball (upper and lower straight).
			Educational game. tactical actions.
			Blocking an attack.
			Volleyball competitions.
			Volleyball competitions.
			Attack blow. Educational game.
			Top direct feed.
			Serving the ball in zones. Educational game.
		Special training (6 hours)	OR with balls. Special training.
			Special training.
			Outdoor switchgear with stuffed balls. Special training.
		Volleyball (4 hours)	tactical training in attack and defense.
			Referee practice. Educational game.
		General physical training (2 hours)	General physical preparation.
		Control tests (2 hours)	Control tests
		Gymnastics with elements of acrobatics (10 hours)	General developmental exercises (with objects).
			Gymnastic elements ("bridge", stand on the shoulder blades).
			Gymnastic elements ("wheel", rolls, somersaults).
			Gymnastic elements (half twine, twine).
			Gymnastic combination of mastered elements.
		Theory (2 hours)	Conversations: “Injuries. Providing first aid, "Competition Rules, Equipment, Inventory"
		Outdoor games (4 hours)	Outdoor games with elements of volleyball.
			Mobile games with elements of basketball.
		Special training (2 hours)	Special training.
		General physical training (4 hours)	General physical preparation.
			General physical preparation.
		Basketball (10 hours)	Tactical actions in the attack. Educational game.
			Tactical actions in defense.
			Educational game. Refereeing.
			Tactical actions in the attack. Educational game.
			Tactical actions in defense.
		Athletics (10 hours)	High jump in the "stepping over" method.
			High jump in the "stepping over" method. Phases.
			High jump for the result.
			Obstacle course.
		Control tests (2 hours)	Control tests
		General physical preparation (4 hours)	General physical preparation.
			General physical preparation.
		Athletics (8 hours)	Passing an obstacle course.
			Broadcast baton.
			Relay run.
	Reserve day		Relay run.
	Reserve day		Transfer of the baton. Relay run.

Distribution of training time

for different types of program material

№ P/ P		Year of study
		GNP-1 (5 hours)	GNP-2 (4 hours)	GNP-3 (5 hours)
	Theoretical part:
	Physical Culture and sport. Hygiene, injury prevention, self-control, first aid. Rules of competitions, places of employment, equipment, inventory.
	Practical part:
	1) Athletics: Short distance running Start run Low start, high start Finishing Cross 1000-1500 m. Running long jump high jump Throwing a small ball obstacle course relay race Referee practice
	2) Outdoor games
	3) Basketball: Racks, movement Passing the ball on the spot, on the move Dribbling Throws to the basket from a place, on the move Referee practice
	4) Volleyball: Racks, moving Receiving and passing the ball Serving the ball attack blow Blocking an Attack Tactical actions on the court Referee practice
	5) Gymnastics with elements of acrobatics: - General developmental exercises - Gymnastic elements - Gymnastic combinations
	6) Special training.
	7) General physical training.
	8) Control tests.
	Total:

Bibliography:

When compiling the work program, the following regulatory documents and literature were used:

1. The concept of modernization Russian education for the period up to 2010. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 08.30.2002 Xa1507-r;

2. Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2003 No. 13-51-263 / 13 “On the assessment and certification of students assigned to a special medical group for physical education for health reasons.

3. Children's outdoor games. / Compiled by V.I. Grishkov. - Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk book publishing house, 1992.

4. Strakovskaya V.L. 300 outdoor games for children from 1 to 14 years old. - M.: New school, 1994

6. Glazyrina L.D., Lopatik T.A. Methods of teaching physical culture: 1-4 cells: Method. allowance and program. - M.: Humanit. ed. Center VLADOS, 2002.-208s.- (B-ka elementary school teacher).

7. Stepanova O.A. game and health work in elementary school: A methodological guide for elementary school teachers, after-school educators, teachers of additional education and parents. Series "Game Technologies" - M.: TC Sphere, 2003. - 144p.

8. Lyakh V.I., Zdanevich A.A. A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades I - XI, Moscow, Prosveshchenie, 2011.

9. Zheleznyak Yu.D., Portnov Yu.M. Sports games: technique, tactics, teaching methods, M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2002.

10. Antonova Yu. A. Best sport games for children and parents, Moscow, 2006.

11. Balyasnoy L.K., Sorokina T.V. Education of schoolchildren during extracurricular time, Moscow, "Prosveshchenie", 1980.

Affordable gymnastic exercises for preschool and primary school children at home

Additional classes with children in general physical training (GPP) at home will never be superfluous, especially if your child visits the gym only a few times a week. But, of course, he can train at home only under the supervision of his parents, who must understand how to properly perform this or that exercise. If you are not a professional in the field of sports, then do not worry that you do not have enough knowledge to competently control the performance of your child's homework assigned by the coach.

The fact is that home exercises for the development of general physical fitness are usually simple, safe and do not require special conditions. sports hall, maximum soft rug on the floor. But at the same time they are very useful and effective for strengthening the child's muscular corset.

But, before you start training with children at home, be sure to carefully listen to the recommendations of the trainer on the technique and frequency of performing tasks for general physical training.

Also, our article will help you in this matter, which presents a list of exercises for home and professional advice from the trainers of the European Gymnastics Center.

We divided the exercises into two types: for pumping up various muscles and for developing flexibility. To quickly achieve a noticeable result, this complex is recommended to be performed every day. He will take no more than 30 minutes.

First of all, it should be noted that training should begin with a warm-up, at home it will be a light stretch, which will smoothly turn into a swap.

The exercises should be done in the order shown.

1. Stretching

1.1 Tilts in different directions.

Standing in the initial position, feet shoulder-width apart, hands on the belt, perform several tilts to the sides, and then forward and backward (5 times in each direction).

1.2 Leaning forward, touching the floor with your hands.

Starting position: legs together, arms along the body, make 10 forward bends, trying to touch the floor with your palms, while keeping your knees straight.

1.3. Fold on the floor.

Starting position: sitting on the floor, legs together and stretched forward, lean forward and stretch your arms to your toes, while keeping your knees straight (10 times).

1.4. "Butterfly".

Starting position: sitting on the floor, perform the butterfly exercise, bending your legs, knees to the sides, feet touching each other. Tilt forward and stretch your nose to your socks (10 times).

1.5 Fold on the floor of the leg apart.

Starting position: sitting on the floor, legs wide apart, bend forward with outstretched arms, while keeping your knees straight (10 times).

2. Leg exercises

2.1 Squats.

Starting position: legs together, arms raised forward, do 15 squats up and down (2 sets of 15 times, rest 30 seconds between sets).

2.2 Balance on two legs.

Starting position: standing with your feet together, arms raised up, stand on your toes and try to stand as long as possible without leaving your spot. To complete this task, all the muscles of the body should be as tense as possible, reach for the ceiling with your hands, and look at one point in front of you with your eyes so as not to lose balance.

2.3 Balance on one leg for 10 seconds.

Starting position: keep your hands on your belt, keep your back straight, you can’t leave the place, look with your eyes at one point in front of you.

2.4 Jumping on one leg, hands on the belt.

Jumps should be performed on toes 15 times on each leg, 2 sets.

3. Exercises for the press

3.1 Raise and lower back

Starting position: sitting on the floor, fix the legs under the sofa or parents should hold them, palms crossed at the back of the head. Slowly perform lowering onto your back, keeping your head on your chest all the time, and then rise to the starting position without the help of your hands (15-20 times, 2 sets with a short rest interval). If it will be difficult for the child to rise, holding his hands behind his head, then the task can be facilitated by stretching them out in front of him.

3.2 Lying leg raise.

Starting position: lying on your back, arms along the body. Raising straight legs up to a vertical position and slowly lowering down. The legs must be stretched and tense (15 times in 2 sets with a short rest interval).

3.3 "Boat on the back."

Starting position: lying on your back, arms extended upwards. At the same time, lift your head with arms and legs 30 degrees off the floor, hold for 10 seconds in 2 sets. When performing the exercise, keep the legs and arms stretched together, the lower back should be pressed to the floor.

4. Back exercises

4.1 Raising the back up.

Starting position: lying on the floor on the stomach, fix the legs under the sofa or parents should hold them, palms crossed at the back of the head. Raise your back from the floor to the maximum possible level, then slowly lower yourself to the starting position and immediately repeat the task. When performing the exercise, the eyes should look down. Repeat 15 times for 2 sets with a short rest interval.

4.2 "Boat on the stomach."

Starting position: lying on your stomach, arms extended up, legs together. At the same time, lift your arms and legs off the floor by about 30 degrees. Be sure to raise your hands just above your head, look at your palms with your eyes, keep your legs together. Run the boat for 10 seconds in 2 sets with a short rest interval.

5. Hand exercises

5.1 Plank.

Starting position: emphasis, lying on the floor, i.e. rest with straight arms and legs on the floor so that the body is parallel to the floor, the shoulders are exactly above the palms, the back is slightly rounded, the legs are together. Fix this position for 20-30 seconds and make sure that the position of the body does not change. Repeat the task for several approaches.

5.2 Push-ups from the floor.

Starting position: emphasis, lying on the floor, i.e. rest with straight arms and legs on the floor so that the body is parallel to the floor, the shoulders are exactly above the palms, the back is slightly rounded, the legs are together. Perform push-ups, bending your arms and trying to touch the floor with your nose, then straighten your arms and return to lying down. Make sure that the position of the body does not change during push-ups. At first, it will be difficult for the child to do push-ups, so you should hold him a little by the stomach, helping him bend and then straighten his arms and keep correct position body. Start with 3-5 push-ups for 2-3 sets, gradually increasing the number as the child can.

After pumping up the muscles, when the child’s body is already well warmed up and even a little tired, you can proceed to the final part of the workout - doing splits and stretching the back. These exercises will help to relax the muscles and gradually develop flexibility.

6. The final part of the workout - stretching tasks

6.1 Fold the legs together and apart with the help of parents.

We repeat the same exercise that the child did during the warm-up, but with the help of the parents, who will put pressure on the back. Be sure to keep your legs straight and don't overdo the pressure. (10 times in 2 sets).

6.2 Split on the right and then on the left leg.

It is better to perform this exercise in a strip. The front leg should be straight and stand exactly on the heel, and the back leg should kneel, the heel must be looking at the ceiling. Hands are at the sides. Make sure that the child does not turn around and does not fall to one side. Help him maintain the correct position while applying a little pressure on the front leg on the knee, and on the back leg on the thigh. Perform splits for 30 seconds on each leg for 2-3 sets.

6.3 Straight split.

This exercise is also worth doing on the strip or with your back against the wall. Starting position: standing with legs apart, with straight arms rest on the floor next to the legs. Gradually spread straight legs to the side to the maximum tolerable level, and then fix the position for 30 seconds. In this position, it is imperative to ensure that the legs are straight, stand exactly along the lane, and the child does not crawl forward. Parents should help the child to maintain the correct position, and at the same time put a little pressure on the hips. Perform splits for 30 seconds on each leg for 2-3 sets.

6.4 "Ring".

This exercise is aimed at stretching the muscles of the back, shoulder girdle, front of the thigh. Starting position: lying on your stomach, rest on straight arms that are close to your stomach, and stretch your head up. Then bend your legs and stretch your socks to the back of your head, trying to touch it. Hold this position for 10 seconds, then rest and repeat again.

6.5 "Basket".

This exercise is a bit similar to the previous one. Starting position: lying on your stomach, stretch your arms back to your legs and catch them from the outside by the ankle. Then bend in the back, raise your shoulders and head up, and try to straighten your legs a little to the ceiling. At the same time, they must be held firmly by the legs at all times. Hold this position for a few seconds, then lower yourself to the floor and, after resting, repeat the exercise again.

The article was written by the team of coaches of the European Gymnastics Center

Contacts of the European Gymnastics Center

Our addresses:

Moscow, Luzhnetskaya embankment, 24, building 2

Moscow, Bolshaya Cherkizovskaya, 125 A, building 4

Moscow, st. Cuban 7

Kyiv highway 24th km, village. Rogozinino