Lecture 5

1.1 Games of the XV - XVII Olympiad.

1.2 Games of the XVIII - XX Olympiads.

1.3 Games of the XXI - XXII Olympiads.

1.4 Games of XXIII – XXIV Olympiads.

1.1 Games of the XV - XVII Olympiads. The Olympic movement developed, grew stronger, but there were still no athletes of the USSR among the Olympians. There were also no German athletes at several Games. But they were not allowed by the IOC, which punished, in fact, not the athletes themselves, but the country that unleashed the First and Second World Wars.

For completely different reasons, athletes from the USSR did not compete at the Games. For the then leaders of the country of the Soviets, the Games were considered "a bourgeois legacy of the past."

Meanwhile, the IOC and the National Olympic Committees of various countries wanted to establish contacts with our sports organizations. After all, the glory of the strength of the athletes of the USSR went around the world. The USSR was offered friendship by the Olympic committees of France, the USA, Japan, and Finland. But every time they received a polite refusal.

Prepositions in this or that case were invented different. But the true “reason” was always the same: our guys do not need to meet with the “sports bourgeois”! However, it should be noted here that in many countries the attitude towards our sport was also far from the most friendly. After all, sports and politics were also mixed there, and therefore they did not want to see "communists" in the Olympic stadiums.

But in the first post-war years, serious transformations began in the sport of the USSR. Interest in sports among young people grew, intensive training of coaches began, sports science developed, leading athletes began to receive state support. And all this taken together immediately led to success at the World and European Championships.

In May 1951, the 45th session of the IOC recognized the National Olympic Committee of the USSR, and in 1952 the USSR Olympic team made its debut at Games of the XV Olympiad in Helsinki, Finland. From this day begins the countdown of the Olympic successes of the Belarusian athletes who were part of the team Soviet Union. 4955 athletes from 69 countries participated in the games. 149 sets of medals were played in 17 sports.

June 20, 1952 discus thrower Nina Romanova (Ponomareva) became the first Olympic champion in the history of sports in the USSR. At the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, she was third, and four years later, in Olympic Rome, first again. And then, in Helsinki, there was an amazing moment when three athletes from the USSR rose to the podium at once.

295 athletes of the USSR out of 10 took part in the Olympic Games for the first time union republics. They performed throughout the program of the Games, except for field hockey.

Athletes of the USSR had almost no experience in world competitions and, nevertheless, achieved great success in Helsinki: 71 medals (22 gold, 30 silver, 19 bronze). Perennial Olympic leaders - US athletes - had not much more - 76.

Gymnast Viktor Chukarin(later a seven-time Olympic champion) won the all-around. And, moreover, not only in Helsinki, but four years later in Melbourne!

Yuri Tyukalov became the strongest in rowing. Anatoly Bagdanov- in shooting. Weightlifters won 3 gold medals, and wrestlers - 6. Since then, the USSR Olympians have been among the leaders in Olympic sports for almost forty years.

The USSR team included 7 pupils of Belarusian sports organizations- rower Stefan Mikhailov, athletes Mikhail Krivonosov, Mikhail Saltykov, Anatoly Yulin, Timofey Lunev, fencers Yuri Deksbakh and German Bokun. In Helsinki, Anatoly Yulin performed most successfully, finishing fourth in the 400m hurdles. But for the rest of our participants, the Games became a serious school and largely determined their future fate. So German Bokun became an outstanding coach and trained a whole galaxy of wonderful fencers - world and Olympic champions, and Mikhail Krivonosov improved his results and won the first award for the republic at the next Olympics.

In 1956, the Games were held in Australia for the first time. Since summer in Australia starts in December, The Games of the XVI Olympiad were held from November 22 to December 8 in Melbourne. Among the debutant countries were Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Fiji and others.

In connection with the Commonwealth of Australia law on a six-month quarantine for imported animals, equestrian competitions were held in Stockholm from 11 to 17 June 1956.

Due to the remoteness of the Australian continent, the number of participants in the Olympic Games has decreased, but wrestling only grew. In weightlifting competitions in all seven weight categories, Olympic records were updated, three of them exceeded world records. Swimmers set 12 new Olympic records. AT athletics Olympic records were updated in 26 disciplines out of 31 included in the competition program.

The USSR team won an unconditional victory over the US athletes. Soviet athletes won in football, gymnastics, Greco-Roman wrestling, boxing, rowing and canoeing, modern pentathlon, confidently performed in athletics, rowing, freestyle wrestling, basketball. In total, they won 37 gold, 29 silver and 32 bronze medals.

The record holder of the Games in the number of gold medals won was a gymnast Larisa Latynina. She won in four events gymnastic program. This unique athlete on two next Games- in Rome and Tokyo - added 5 more awards to her golden collection and thus became the owner of nine highest Olympic titles. In addition, Latynina has 5 more silver and 4 bronze medals. Until now, no one has managed to exceed this amazing achievement - 18 Olympic medals!

The runner became the hero of the Games Vladimir Kuts. He won amazingly beautiful victories at distances of 5000 and 10000 meters with new Olympic records. Vladimir Kuts confessed twice the best athlete planets.

The USSR team included eight Belarusian athletes: Arnold Chernushevich, Alexander Ovsyankin, Vladimir Bulatov, Olga Kosheleva, Evgeny Sokolov, Anatoly Yulin, Maria Itkina, Mikhail Krivonosov.

The most successful performance Mikhail Krivonosov, who won the first medal in the history of the BSSR - silver in the hammer throw. In the second and third attempts, the Belarusian set Olympic records by launching the hammer at 63.00 and 63.03 m.

Maria Itkina was fourth in the 4x100m relay team. Anatoly Yulin- eighth at distances of 400 m hurdles and 4x400 m

The Games of the XVII Olympiad were held from August 25 to September 11 in 1960 in Rome, Italy. A record number of athletes participated - 5338 from 83 countries. 150 sets of medals were played in 17 sports. For the first time television broadcasts were organized from the Olympic arenas, which contributed to the further growth of the popularity of the Games.

The USSR team was one of the largest - 284 athletes from all the all-Union republics and won an even more convincing victory in the team event.

Of the athletes of the USSR, the gymnast achieved the greatest success Boris Shakhlin(later a seven-time Olympic champion). He won 4 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze medals.

Special mention should be made of the heavyweight weightlifter Yuri Vlasov. Before in this weight class American athletes certainly excelled. Vlasov violated "American dominance." Yes, and set Olympic and world records!

The USSR track and field team fought on equal terms with the leaders of this sport - the Americans. Fencers managed to outplay recognized masters from Hungary and Italy. Rowers, shooters, Greco-Roman wrestlers performed well.

Belarusian athletes made a significant medal contribution to the USSR team treasury. Gomelchanin Leonid Geishtor and Ukrainian Sergey Makarenko won the Olympic "gold" in the canoe-deuce at a distance of 1000 m. The champion of the Games did not know defeat on the wrestling mat Oleg Karavaev. Confidently won the team of foil fencers of the USSR, which included Tatyana Samusenko(subsequently three times Olympic champion). Despite the hand injury, the gymnast performed successfully Nikolai Miligulo, who became the silver medalist of the Olympics. Second place in the triple jump with a score of 16.63 m Vladimir Goryaev. Bronze awards in team competition Belarusian foil fencers won Arnold Chernushevich and Alexander Pavlovsky. Athlete Maria Itkina three times (at distances of 100, 200, and 4x100 m) she became fourth, a little short of the Olympic awards.

The contribution of Belarusian athletes to the Olympic piggy bank of the Soviet team grew from the Olympics to the Olympics.

1.2 Games of the XVIII - XX Olympiads. For the first time the Olympic Games were held in Asia. The Games of the XVIII Olympiad were held on October 10-12, 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. Their feature was the participation of countries liberated from colonial oppression. There were slightly fewer participants here than in Rome, but there were more participating countries - 93. The USSR team also became more representative - 319 athletes.

The competition program has expanded somewhat. Volleyball and judo appeared in it.

The boxers did well. Among the athletes burned brighter than others sports star Valeria Brumelya. He proved that it was not for nothing that he was called the best athlete in the world in 1961, 1962 and 1963 - three years in a row!

Third time in Tokyo Olympic champion became a rower Vyacheslav Ivanov.

It is worth noting the American disco ball Alfred Orter who also won his third Olympic gold medal and then won his fourth Olympics four years later. Unique achievement!

Shining Czech gymnast Vera Chaslavska(subsequently the owner of seven gold Olympic medals).

Ethiopian Abebe Bikilu, having won his second, after Rome, gold medal, he became the first great athlete from the African continent that was gaining freedom. This athlete overcame the marathon distance barefoot.

The USSR Olympic team included 10 Belarusian athletes, three of whom became Olympic champions. Wrestler won his first gold medal in Tokyo Alexander Medved. The champion with an Olympic record of 69.74 m became Romuald Klim in hammer throwing, Elena Volchetskaya- for team victory in gymnastics. Tatyana Samusenko received a silver medal in the team fencing tournament. Minsk Dynamo Igor Bakalov became the fourth in shooting from a small-caliber pistol.

The games in Mexico in 1968 were, perhaps, the most "inconvenient" for Europeans: an unusual time zone, heat, rarefied air - after all, the capital Games of the XIX Olympiad Mexico City located at an altitude of 2240 meters at sea level. Competition in the Olympic arena intensified. The struggle for victory in most types of the program was at the level of world records. In athletics alone, 69 results were shown that exceeded world achievements.

And the most outstanding event, truly a miracle of the Games of the XIX Olympiad, was the long jump Bob Beamon. This black American flew 8 meters 90 centimeters, exceeding the world record by 55 cm at once! Until now, this achievement has not been surpassed at the Olympic Games (the record has already been broken though Michael Powell, also an American and equals 8 m 95 cm).

Mention should be made of the high jumper Dicke Fosbury. He became an Olympic champion by jumping the way he invented - back to the bar. Since then, all world achievements have been established only by this way of jumping (“fosbury flop”).

Among the athletes of the USSR, a gymnast should be noted Mikhail Voronin, boxer Boris Lagutin weightlifter Leonid Zhabotinsky. Grand Master of the Triple Jump Viktor Saneev won his first of three Olympic gold medals (an unrivaled achievement).

The Games were successful for the Belarusian sportsmen. 15 people included in the team of the Soviet Union represented six sports: freestyle wrestling ( Alexander Medved), cycling ( Victor Bykov and Alexander Dokhlyakov), gymnastics ( Larisa Petrik), bullet shooting ( Vitaly Parkhimovich), athletics(Gomel residents Vladislav Sapeya and Anatoly Shchuplyakov, Valentin Maslyakov, Mikhail Zhelobovsky, Viktor Balikhin, Romuald Klim) and fencing ( Alexey Nikanchikov, Yuri Smolyakov, Viktor Sidyak, Tatiana Samusenko and Elena Belova).

The Belarusians made a worthy contribution to the Olympic piggy bank of the USSR national team, having won 9 Olympic awards: 5 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze.

Another sports star from Belarus lit up in Mexico City - a fencer Elena Belova. At the Olympics, she became the owner of two gold medals - in the individual and team event! Literaturnaya Gazeta awarded her a special surprise prize. In the future, the victories of Elena Belova will become a pattern. Her name is included in the Guinness Book of Records for the record among fencers for the number of Olympic gold medals won (four medals at the Olympics in Mexico City, Munich and Montreal). Awarded with the Silver Order of the IOC.

Belarusian gymnast also excelled in Mexico City Larisa Petrik, who won gold medals in floor exercises and in a team performance, a bronze medal in beam exercises.

Close to repeating his success Romuald Klim, who set Olympic records in the third and fourth attempt, but in the last - fifth attempt, a thrower from Hungary Gyula Zywotsky sent a hammer 8 cm further than the Belarusian.

Like Alexander Medved, won the second gold medal Tatyana Samusenko for winning the team championship.

Our epee fencers climbed the podium Alexey Nikanchikov and Yuri Smolyakov, who won the "silver", and the shooter Vitaly Parkhimovich became the third in the shooting competitions from a small-caliber rifle.

Games of the XX Olympiad were held in Munich, 1972, Germany. By decision of the Organizing Committee of the Games, electronics, new materials and technologies were widely used in organizing the competition. For the first time, the results of athletics and swimming competitions were measured with an accuracy of 0.01 seconds. There were 46 world records in total.

One of the main characters of Munich was an American swimmer Mark Spitz, who won 7 gold medals and set 7 world records (later 9 times Olympic champion).

The performance of the sprinter can be attributed to sensational Valeria Borzova, which broke the long-term hegemony of the Americans at sprint distances of 100 and 200 m.

Representatives of Belarus made a significant contribution to the success of the Olympic team of the Soviet Union. 21 athletes competed in 10 sports and won 14 medals: 7 gold, 5 silver and 2 bronze.

35 year old Alexander Medved won the third gold medal, knelt down and, kissing the wrestling mat, said goodbye to him forever. Olga Korbut, Antonina Koshel and Tamara Lazakovich won the team competition. Tamara Lazakovich also won a silver and two bronze medals in individual events. Olga Korbut, 17, also won gold on balance beam and floor exercise, and silver on uneven bars. "Miracle with pigtails" - this is how enthusiastic journalists dubbed our countrywoman. Then in Munich, for the first time, experts started talking about the “Belarusian school of gymnastics”. Moreover, in the USSR men's team they performed well Vladimir Shchukin and Alexander Maleev who received silver medals in the team competition.

In a kayak-two, a representative of the Gomel region Nikolai Gorbachev together with the representative of Georgia Nikolay Kratasyuk won the gold medal in the 1000m.

Olympic awards the highest standard won by Belarusian fencers Viktor Sidyak- in the individual championship, Elena Belova and Tatiana Samusenko- in a team.

gold medal as part of the USSR national basketball team won Ivan Edeshko. His "golden pass" across the court with 3 seconds left in the final game, with the score 50:49 in favor of the US team, allowed Alexander Belov to throw the last ball into the opposing team's ring at the same time as the final siren and pull out this difficult victory.

Athlete Vladimir Lovetsky 4x100m relay, saber fencer Viktor Sidyak won silver medals in the team championship.

Athletes from 48 countries have won Olympic medals in total.

Unfortunately great organized Games The XX Olympiad was overshadowed by tragedy - armed bandits from the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September, breaking into the Olympic village, took the members of the Israeli team hostage. People died in the ensuing shootout. The continuation of the Games was in jeopardy. Under these conditions, IOC President Avery Brundage said that we cannot allow the Olympics to become a place for trade, political actions or criminal activities, we cannot allow a handful of terrorists to ruin one of the main channels of international cooperation. The games continued. In the future, the organizers of the Olympics were forced to spend huge amounts of money on security.

1.3 Games of the XXI - XXII Olympiads. Four days before opening Games of the XXI Olympiad, as usual, the Olympic torch was lit in Greece, then, converted into electric current, the “fire” was transmitted via satellite to another continent, to Canada. There, the torch was lit again and the traditional relay race delivered the fire to Montreal.

The 1976 Games began so beautifully.

The teams of most African countries refused to participate in the Games for political reasons. African leaders protested in this way against the participation of the New Zealand team in the Games, whose athletes had recently played a rugby match with the team of the Republic of South Africa. It then flourished racial discrimination, oppression of the "non-white" population.

The Montreal Games were marked by many high results: 82 Olympic records, 34 of which were world records.

In Montreal, the United States tried to play the "anniversary card". On the eve of the 200th anniversary of the independence of the United States, the NOC of this country for the first time held a centralized training camp for members national team, and in the newspapers there were calls to "crush the Soviets." However, the goal proved unattainable. Athletes of the USSR showed an unprecedented result - 125 medals (49 gold, 41 bronze, 35 silver).

In athletics, Olympic records were improved in 9 out of 13 events for women and 9 out of 23 for men, indicating intense competition.

Soviet athletes successfully performed in such types Olympic program as: volleyball, handball, gymnastics, track and field athletics, rowing and canoeing, fencing. For the first time among women's teams medals were awarded basketball tournament. The USSR national team won.

Gymnast Nikolai Andrianov won five gold medals. Grand Master of the Triple Jump Viktor Saneev became the silver medalist of the Games. The fencer excelled again Viktor Krovopuskov, who added the same amount to his two highest-quality awards of the previous Games.

In Montreal, she began her stellar sports career Romanian gymnast Nadya Komenach.

Belarus was represented in the USSR national team by 21 athletes. The participants of the Games have 7 gold, 5 silver and 5 bronze awards. This time the fencers were especially distinguished Elena Belova and Viktor Sidyak. In individual competitions, they were third, but in team competitions they received the highest awards. rapier Alexander Romankov won silver in the individual championship. Olympic Champions: Weightlifter Valery Shariy- with a new Olympic record, in bullet shooting Alexander Gasov also overtook another Belarusian with an Olympic record - Alexandra Kedyarova, became the second.

In rowing and canoeing "gold" won Vladimir Romanovsky(paired with Ukrainian Sergey Nagorny), in cycling - Vladimir Kaminsky. Vladimir Romanovsky also won silver in the 500m. Olga Korbut again received the highest award as part of the USSR national team and was second in beam exercises.

Swimmer wins silver medal Sergey Koplyakov. Bronze medals in diving Vladimir Aleinik(tower) and Alexander Kosenkov(springboard). A medal of the same value was won by a Gomel resident Evgeny Gavrilenko in the 400m hurdles.

Belarusians made a huge contribution to the success of the Soviet Union team. But even more significant successes and victories awaited them ahead.

In 1974, at the Vienna session of the International Olympic Committee, it was decided to grant the right to host the Games of the XXII Olympiad to the capital of the Soviet Union - Moscow.

Serious preparatory work began. But politicians intervened...

In January 1980, a few months before the opening of the Games, US leaders began to exert a strong influence on the IOC and public opinion. The essence of this company was to deprive Moscow of the right to host the Games. The reason was put forward as follows: input Soviet troops to Afghanistan in 1979. It was a very difficult moment for the organizers of the Olympic Games. But then the IOC showed a firm and principled position: the Games in Moscow will take place! The organizers did their best. Everything was perfectly prepared for the hosting competition.

As a sign of protest, a group of states, at the initiative of the United States, declared a boycott of the Games in Moscow and did not send their teams. The United States supported the FRG and Japan. However, most countries did not support this action. Athletes from Italy, France, Great Britain, Sweden, Belgium and other countries came to the Olympics.

On July 19, 1980, a solemn opening ceremony took place Games of the XXII Olympiad in Moscow. 5179 athletes from 80 countries took part in the colorful parade.

The main center of the Games of the XXII Olympiad was in Moscow. But some other large and beautiful cities of the USSR became Olympic. In Leningrad, Kyiv and Minsk, part of the games of the Olympic football tournament took place, in Tallinn - sailing regatta. Residents of Minsk saw an exciting and memorable event - the relay race Olympic flame. Olympic torch at the Dynamo stadium on the opening day of the competition, a three-time Olympic champion lit Alexander Vasilievich Medved.

203 sets of awards were played. 5651 journalists worked in Moscow. The games were watched by about two billion viewers from 111 countries.

Despite the absence of many great athletes, sports results were very high. 36 world and 74 Olympic records; the account of the national record achievements was in the hundreds! Athletes from the Soviet Union won 195 medals (80 gold, 69 silver and 46 bronze).

The gymnast became the absolute champion in medals Alexander Dityatin, who won 3 gold, 4 silver and 1 bronze awards.

Swimmer Vladimir Salnikov won 3 gold medals, and at a distance of 1500 m he set an outstanding world achievement.

In total, athletes from 36 countries of the world became the winners of the Games.

A record number of Belarusian athletes performed in Moscow - 46 in 16 sports. 30 of them became winners of the Games, having won 33 medals, including 14 gold, 9 silver and 10 bronze. Representatives showed excellent results aquatic species sports: 3 gold, 3 silver and 2 bronze medals. The list of heroes of the Olympics includes the name of the Belarusian rower Vladimir Parfenovich. On the canal in Krylatskoye, he won 3 gold medals in single kayak competitions paired with Sergei Chukhrai.

Nelly Kim(later a 5-time Olympic champion), speaking at this Olympics for Belarus, she won two gold medals. Olympic champion with world and Olympic records in weightlifting became Leonid Taranenko.

Olympic awards was awarded to a large group of Belarusian fencers: Victor Sidyak, Elena Belova and Irina Ushakova, Alexander Romankov and Vladimir Lapitsky.

In the team road race (cycling) "gold" was won by Oleg Logvin.

Belarusian athletes also added to the Olympic piggy bank: Petr Pochenchuk was second in race walking 20 km, and a Gomel resident Nikolai Kirov- in the 800m run and Evgeny Ivchenko in walking 50 km were third.

Won medals in rowing Elena Khloptseva, Antonina Melnikova, Igor Maistrenko and etc.

Alexander Karshakevich became the first handball player to be awarded a silver Olympic medal in the USSR national team. Alexander Prokopenko received a bronze medal with the football team.

The Moscow Games were excellent - this was the opinion of the leaders of the IOC.

1.4 Games of the XXIII – XXIV Olympiads. And again games without the USSR.

The Soviet Union and other socialist countries (except Romania and Yugoslavia) refused to participate in Games of the XXIII Olympiad, held in Los Angeles, 1984, USA. The political leadership of the USSR settled scores with the Americans for trying to disrupt the Moscow Games.

In preparation for the Games, the Americans had serious financial problems. City officials refused to sign the agreement between the IOC and the US NOC. Under these conditions, the president of the organizing committee of the Games-84, Peter Uberrouth, applied to the IOC with a request to allow the attraction of private capital for the organization of the Olympic Games, and the IOC was forced to give such permission. Thus began the commercialization of the Olympic Games.

There were also heroes. American track and field athlete Carl Lewis(later a 9-time Olympic champion) repeated the sports feat of the legendary Jesy Owens: he jumped the farthest, won the 100 and 200 m runs, finished first in the 4x100 m relay.

Most of the medals naturally went to US athletes. Athletes from 47 countries became winners of the Olympics. But if 36 world records were set in Moscow, then only 11 in Los Angeles.

Games of the XXIV Olympiad, Seoul, Korea, 1988 Unfortunately, these Games were also preceded by political “games”. Some sports figures believed that the situation on the Korean Peninsula was too unstable, others, and most importantly, the IOC, insisted that Olympic competitions passed only on the Korean Peninsula. The opinion of the IOC won and, as time has shown, was not mistaken.

There was a lot of talk about Korea and North Korea holding competitions together. However, even here the politicians failed to agree. In protest, the teams of the DPRK and several other countries refused to participate in the Games.

The opening parade was held to the beautiful melody "Hand in Hand", which reflected the idea of ​​the unity of all countries and peoples. Indeed, the Games were held in a very benevolent and friendly atmosphere. Describing them, newspapers wrote that "it was 16 days that warmed the world."

In Seoul, the gymnasts of the Soviet Union performed well, winning 11 gold medals! Athletes also lost a little to them - 10 awards of the highest standard. Football players, volleyball players, cycling track racers, wrestlers, kayakers and canoeists, men's handball and basketball teams won.

He achieved the rarest success for a swimmer Vladimir Salnikov. He again became the Olympic champion, like eight years ago in Moscow. But they didn’t want to take Salnikov to the Games at all, they said “He is already old.”

The unpleasant sensation of the Games was the victory with a phenomenal record, and then ... the debunking of the Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson. When it came to doping control... the medal had to be returned.

Of the personal achievements of the Olympic Seoul, we note the victory of the Games record holder in gold medals Christine Otto from the GDR - 6 gold medals in swimming. American Matt Biondi won 5 top awards (also in swimming). World records set by American runner Flores Griffith-Joyner on 100 and 200 meters have not been beaten so far.

Belarusian athletes made a great contribution to the successful performance of the USSR team. There were 50 people on the team. 15 of them became Olympic champions, and 26 were winners of the Games.

The first gold medal played in Seoul was won by Irina Shilova in bullet shooting. gymnast Svetlana Boginskaya won 4 medals, 2 of which are of the highest standard. AT rhythmic gymnastics won Marina Lobach. The winners and prize-winners were rowers and canoes, athletes and weightlifters, wrestlers, fencers.

The star handball team of the USSR was based on the strongest club in the world SKA (Minsk). Georgy Sviridenko, Alexander Tuchkin(in 2000 in Sydney he also became the Olympic champion as part of the Russian national team), Konstantin Sharovarov, Yuri Shevtsov, Alexander Karshakevich in a tense struggle won the gold medals of the Olympic Games.

In the boxing ring, the highest award was awarded to Viacheslav Yanovsky, who was included in the team at the last moment.

In total, Belarusians won 12 gold, 3 silver and 6 bronze medals at this Olympics.

52 countries welcomed their winners of the Games with awards.

Chronology Olympic movement of this period and the achievements of Belarusian athletes, see Annexes A, Table 1, D, E and F.

60 years ago, on July 19, 1952, Soviet athletes took part in the Olympic Games for the first time.

Performance of the USSR/Russia national team at the Summer Olympics :

The Russian team for the first time took part in IV Olympic Games in London (Great Britain) in 1908. The Russian team won three medals, including one gold and two silver. In the team standings (hereinafter, the team standings - by the number of gold medals won), the Russian team was in 12th place.

On the XV Olympic Games in Helsinki (Finland) in 1952 for the first time the USSR national team took part. Soviet athletes took second place in the unofficial team standings, winning 71 medals: 22 gold, 30 silver and 19 bronze.

On the XVI Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne (Australia) in 1956 The Soviet Union team won 98 medals, including 37 gold, 29 silver and 32 bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took first place.

On the XVII Olympic Games in Rome (Italy) in 1960 The USSR national team won 103 medals: 43 gold, 29 silver and 31 bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took first place.

On the XVIII Olympic Games in Tokyo (Japan) in 1964 The USSR national team won 96 medals: 30 gold, 31 silver and 35 bronze. In the team standings, the USSR national team took second place.

On the XIX Olympic Games in Mexico City (Mexico) in 1968 The USSR national team won 91 medals: 29 gold, 32 silver and 30 bronze and took second place in the team standings.

On the XX Olympic Games in Munich (Germany) in 1972 the Soviet Union team performed more successfully than other teams, winning 50 gold, 27 silver and 22 bronze medals.

On the XXI Olympic Games in Montreal (Canada) in 1976 USSR athletes were again the best - 49 gold, 41 silver and 35 bronze, a total of 125 awards.

On the XXII Olympic Games 1980 in Moscow (USSR) the team of the host country of the games won a convincing victory in the unofficial team standings - 195 medals: 80 gold, 69 silver and 46 bronze medals.

AT XXIII Olympic Games in Los Angeles (USA) in 1984 the USSR national team did not take part. The games were boycotted by most socialist countries.

On the XXIV Olympic Games in Seoul ( South Korea) in 1988 The national team of the Soviet Union won 132 awards: 55 gold, 31 silver and 46 bronze medals. In the team standings, the USSR team took first place.

XXV Olympic Games in Barcelona (Spain) 1992. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the United Team of Independent States performed at the Olympics (except for the Baltic republics, which acted as independent teams), which won the most medals - 112, of which 45 were gold, 38 silver and 29 bronze.

On the XXVI Olympic Games in Atlanta (USA) in 1996 for the first time since 1912, the Russian team competed, taking second place in the team event - 26 gold, 21 silver and 16 bronze medals, a total of 63 awards.

On the XXVII Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney (Australia) Russian athletes took second place in the team standings, winning 89 medals, including 32 gold, 28 silver and 29 bronze.

On the XXVIII Olympic Games in Athens (Greece) in 2004 The Russian national team took third place in the unofficial team standings. On account Russian athletes 27 gold, 27 silver and 38 bronze medals, 92 awards in total.

On the X XIX Olympic Games in Beijing (China) in 2008 The Russian team won 72 awards, including 23 gold, 21 silver, 28 bronze and in the team event.

Performance of the USSR/Russia national team at the Winter Olympics :

The USSR national team for the first time took part in VII Winter Olympic Games in Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italy) in 1956. Soviet athletes won 16 medals, including seven gold, three silver and six bronze. In the team standings, Soviet athletes took first place (hereinafter, the team standings - in terms of the number of gold medals won).

On the VIII Olympic Games in Squaw Valley (USA) in 1960 The USSR national team again took first place in the team event, winning 21 medals: 7 gold, 5 silver and 9 bronze.

On the IX Olympic Games in Innsbruck (Austria) in 1964 The USSR team won 25 medals, including 11 gold, eight silver and six bronze. In the team standings, Soviet athletes took first place.

On the X Olympic Games in Grenoble (France) in 1968 The USSR national team won 13 medals, including five gold, five silver and three bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took second place.

On the XI Olympic Games in Sapporo (Japan) in 1972 The USSR national team took first place in the team event, winning 16 medals, including eight gold, five silver and three bronze.

On the XII Olympic Games in Innsbruck (Austria) in 1976 the Soviet team won 27 medals, including 13 gold, six silver and eight bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took first place.

On the XIII Olympic Games in Lake Placid (USA) in 1980 The USSR national team again took first place in the team event, winning 22 medals: 10 gold, six silver and six bronze.

On the XIV Olympic Games in Sarajevo (Yugoslavia) in 1984 The USSR national team won 25 medals, including six gold, 10 silver and nine bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took second place.

On the XV Olympic Games in Calgary (Canada) in 1988 The USSR national team won 29 medals, including 11 gold, nine silver and nine bronze. In the team standings, the Soviet team

Gradually, confidence appeared that the USSR national team could successfully compete with Western athletes and win. Due to the closeness of the Soviet state, its isolation from Western countries development professional sports complicated, many training methods had to be developed independently, without relying on world experience. In the first Olympics, Soviet athletes won in those sports that did not require special technical devices - skiing and speed skating. At the same time, Russian hockey had a rich history, and, as Canadians admitted, many of the techniques used by our hockey players were incomprehensible to them. Western athletes specially studied our method of play.

Over time, the leadership of the USSR had to deal with the development of the material and technical base for Olympic reserve, to buy abroad for them everything that was not produced in the Soviet Union.

In total, from 1952 to 1988, the USSR took part in 18 winter and summer Olympics, and during this period our team never dropped below second place.

The only time (in 1980) Summer Olympics took place in the Soviet Union. Then, in all the sports represented (21), Soviet athletes won medals, and our team took the lead in the medal standings. America, Germany, Japan and dozens of other Western countries boycotted this Olympics, thus protesting against the invasion of Soviet troops in Afghanistan.

Performance of the USSR/Russia national team at the Summer Olympics

The Russian team first took part in the Summer Olympics in 1900. These were the Games of the II Olympiad, which were held in Paris (France) from May 14 to October 28. Russia was represented by three fencing athletes who did not receive awards. Also, two horsemen took part in demonstration performances.

At the IV Olympic Games in London (Great Britain) in 1908, the Russian team won three medals, one gold and two silver. In the team standings (hereinafter, the team standings - by the number of gold medals won), the Russian team was in 12th place.

At the V Olympic Games in Stockholm (Sweden) in 1912, the Russian team won 5 medals: 2 silver and 3 bronze medals. As a result, Russia shared 15th place with Austria in the unofficial team standings.

At the XV Olympic Games in Helsinki (Finland) in 1952, the USSR national team took part for the first time. Soviet athletes took second place in the unofficial team standings, winning 71 medals: 22 gold, 30 silver and 19 bronze.

At the XVI Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne (Australia) in 1956, the team of the Soviet Union won 98 medals, including 37 gold, 29 silver and 32 bronze. In the team event, the USSR national team took first place.

At the XVII Olympic Games in Rome (Italy) in 1960, the USSR national team won 103 medals: 43 gold, 29 silver and 31 bronze. In the team event, the USSR national team took first place.

At the 18th Olympic Games in Tokyo (Japan) in 1964, the USSR team won 96 medals: 30 gold, 31 silver and 35 bronze. In the team standings, the USSR national team took second place.

At the XIX Olympic Games in Mexico City (Mexico) in 1968, the USSR national team won 91 medals: 29 gold, 32 silver and 30 bronze and took second place in the team event.

At the XX Olympic Games in Munich (Germany) in 1972, the Soviet Union team performed more successfully than other teams, winning 50 gold, 27 silver and 22 bronze medals.

At the XXI Olympic Games in Montreal (Canada) in 1976, the athletes of the USSR were again the best - 49 gold, 41 silver and 35 bronze, a total of 125 awards.

At the XXII Olympic Games in 1980 in Moscow (USSR), the team of the host country won a convincing victory in the unofficial team standings - 195 medals: 80 gold, 69 silver and 46 bronze medals.

The USSR national team did not take part in the XXIII Olympic Games in Los Angeles (USA) in 1984. The games were boycotted by most socialist countries.

At the XXIV Olympic Games in Seoul (South Korea) in 1988, the national team of the Soviet Union won 132 awards: 55 gold, 31 silver and 46 bronze medals. In the team event, the USSR national team took first place.

XXV Olympic Games in Barcelona (Spain) 1992. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the United Team of Independent States performed at the Olympics (except for the Baltic republics, which acted as independent teams), which won the most medals - 112, of which 45 were gold, 38 silver and 29 bronze.

At the XXVI Olympic Games in Atlanta (USA) in 1996, for the first time since 1912, the Russian team competed, taking second place in the team event - 26 gold, 21 silver and 16 bronze medals, a total of 63 awards.

At the XXVII Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney (Australia), Russian athletes took second place in the team event, winning 89 medals, including 32 gold, 28 silver and 29 bronze.

At the XXVIII Olympic Games in Athens (Greece) in 2004, the Russian national team took third place in the unofficial team standings. On account of Russian athletes 27 gold, 27 silver and 38 bronze medals, a total of 92 awards.

At the XXIX Olympic Games in Beijing (China) in 2008, the Russian team won 72 awards, including 23 gold, 21 silver, 28 bronze and took third place in the team standings.

At the XXX Olympic Games in London (Great Britain) in 2012, the Russian national team took fourth place in the unofficial medal standings, winning 82 awards: 24 gold, 26 silver and 32 bronze.

At the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, the composition of the Russian national team, which initially included 387 athletes, was reduced to 277 people in the wake of doping scandals (as of 00:30 Moscow time on August 6). According to the head Olympic Committee Russia (ROC) Alexander Zhukov, under the circumstances, the team was not given a medal plan.

Performance of the USSR/Russia national team at the Winter Olympics

The USSR national team for the first time took part in the VII Winter Olympic Games in Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italy) in 1956. Soviet athletes won 16 medals, including seven gold, three silver and six bronze. In the team standings, Soviet athletes took first place (hereinafter, the team standings - in terms of the number of gold medals won).

At the VIII Olympic Games in Squaw Valley (USA) in 1960, the USSR team again took first place in the team event, winning 21 medals: 7 gold, 5 silver and 9 bronze.

At the IX Olympic Games in Innsbruck (Austria) in 1964, the USSR team won 25 medals, including 11 gold, eight silver and six bronze. In the team event, Soviet athletes took first place.

At the X Olympic Games in Grenoble (France) in 1968, the USSR team won 13 medals, including five gold, five silver and three bronze. In the team event, the USSR team took second place.

At the XI Olympic Games in Sapporo (Japan) in 1972, the USSR team won first place in the team event, winning 16 medals, including eight gold, five silver and three bronze.

At the XII Olympic Games in Innsbruck (Austria) in 1976, the Soviet team won 27 medals, including 13 gold, six silver and eight bronze. In the team event, the USSR national team took first place.

At the XIII Olympic Games in Lake Placid (USA) in 1980, the USSR team again took first place in the team event, winning 22 medals: 10 gold, six silver and six bronze.

At the XIV Olympic Games in Sarajevo (Yugoslavia) in 1984, the USSR team won 25 medals, including six gold, 10 silver and nine bronze. In the team event, the USSR team took second place.

At the XV Olympic Games in Calgary (Canada) in 1988, the USSR national team won 29 medals, 11 of them were gold, nine silver and nine bronze. In the team event, the Soviet team took first place.

In the XVI Olympic Games in Albertville (France) in 1992, the combined team of independent states participated, which won 23 medals, including nine gold, six silver and eight bronze. In the team standings, the united team of independent states took second place.

At the XVII Olympic Games in Lillehammer (Norway) in 1994, the Russian team won 23 medals, including 11 gold, eight silver and four bronze. In the team event, the Russian team took first place.

At the XVIII Olympic Games in Nagano (Japan) in 1998, the Russian team won 18 medals, including nine gold, six silver and three bronze. In the overall standings Russian team took third place.

At the XIX Olympic Games in Salt Lake City (USA) in 2002, the Russian team won 13 medals, including five gold, four silver and four bronze. In the team standings, Russia took fifth place.

At the XX Olympic Games in Turin (Italy) in 2006, the Russian team won 22 medals: eight gold, six silver and eight bronze. In the team standings, Russia took fourth place.

At the XXI Olympic Games in Vancouver (Canada) in 2010, the Russian team took 11th place in the team standings, winning 15 medals: three gold, five silver and seven bronze.

On the XXII winter Olympic Games in Sochi (Russia) in 2014, the Russian team in the team event took first place, winning 33 medals: 13 gold, 11 silver and 9 bronze. The Soviet team had so many medals of the highest standard only once - at the Olympic Games in 1976.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

The USSR began to participate in the Winter Olympics only in 1956 at the Games in Cortina d'Ampezzo. The main triumphs of the team fell on the period 1956-1980s ...

Three recent Games- in Turin, Salt Lake City and Vancouver - the Russians did not even get into the top three (sixth, fifth and again sixth place). We offer you to get acquainted with the most successful winter Olympics in the history of the USSR.
Cortina d'Ampezzo 1956 (Italy)


When it took place: January 26 - February 5, 1956
Sets played: 24
Won: 16 medals - seven gold, three silver and six bronze


The first Olympics, to which the USSR national team arrived, in total, 32 countries participated in it, represented by 821 athletes. The Soviet team took first place in the team standings - both in terms of the total number of medals and in gold awards.


Skier Lyubov Kozyreva won the first gold medal in the women's ten-kilometer race. The men's ski team won the 4x10 km relay.

The protagonists of the Games were the skaters, who overtook the recognized favorites - the Norwegians. Evgeny Grishin became a two-time Olympic champion at distances of 500 and 1500 m, Yuri Mikhailov (1500 m) and Boris Shilakov (5000 m) took the gold.


The USSR national hockey team won all the matches, including over the teams of Canada (2:0) and the USA (4:0). best player hockey tournament Vsevolod Bobrov was recognized.
Squaw Valley 1960 (USA)

When it took place: February 18 - 28, 1960
Sets played: 27
Won: 21 medals - seven gold, five silver and nine bronze


In 1960, a series of postage stamps dedicated to the Winter Olympics was issued in the USSR for the first time, the opening ceremony of which was prepared by Walt Disney. Due to the lack of a track, bobsleigh competitions were not held at the Games, but biathlon was included in the program for the first time.


Soviet athletes doubled the number of medals won by the hosts (the United States had 10 awards - 3-4-3), setting new record. Almost all the medals were taken by Soviet skaters - six gold, three silver and three bronze.
Evgeny Grishin (500 and 1500 m) and Lydia Skoblikova (world record in 1500 m and Olympic record in 3000 m) had two gold medals each. Victor Kosichkin (5000 m) and Clara Guseva (1000 m) also excelled.


The only non-skating gold for the Soviet team was brought by skier Maria Gusakova, who won the 10 km race. The USSR national hockey team, already without Vsevolod Bobrov, but with Viktor Yakushev, took bronze.
Innsbruck 1964


When it took place: January 29 - February 9, 1964
Sets played: 34
Won: 25 medals - 11 gold, eight silver and six bronze


Competitions in Innsbruck were on the verge of failure due to an atypical thaw for the region. The organizers had to produce snow for ski slopes in mountain hollows to save the Olympics. First time participation in Winter Games hosted by China, India and Mongolia, in total there were athletes from 36 countries.


Nine out of 12 medals among women were won by athletes of the USSR. Soviet skaters again became victors. Four gold medals were taken home by Lydia Skoblikova, who set three Olympic records. In men, the 1500m distance was won by Ants Antson. Soviet skiers took three gold medals, two of them - Claudia Boyarsky. Vladimir Melanin, who won the 20 km race, won the first gold among biathletes.

In sports couples competitions in figure skating gold medals for the first time went to the USSR thanks to Lyudmila Belousova and Oleg Protopopov. The hockey team with the Mayorov brothers and Vyacheslav Starshinov won all the matches of the tournament.
Sapporo 1972 (Japan)


When it took place: February 3 - 13, 1972
Sets played: 35
Won: 16 medals - eight gold, five silver and three bronze


At the games in Grenoble in 1968, the Soviet team lost first place to the Norwegians, so it was decided to approach the Games in Sapporo (for the first time in Asia) in the USSR with all responsibility. As a result, Soviet athletes surpassed their rivals in the number of gold medals won - eight against four for the teams of the GDR (4-3-7), Switzerland (4-3-3) and the Netherlands (4-3-2).


The main hero of Sapporo-1972 was the Soviet skier Galina Kulakova (three gold medals). Skier Vyacheslav Vedenin added bright gold in the relay to gold and bronze. At the last stage of the 10 km distance, he played a minute and was ahead of his rival from Norway by nine seconds. The men's biathlon relay team also won gold.


The duo of Irina Rodnina and Alexei Ulanov took first place in the competition of sports couples among figure skaters.


The main medal of the Games was won by the hockey team with Vladislav Tretiak, Igor Ramishevsky, Valery Kharlamov, Alexander Maltsev, Anatoly Firsov, Alexander Yakushev, Vladimir Petrov and Boris Mikhailov.
Innsbruck 1976 (Austria)


When it took place: February 4 - 14, 1976
Sets played: 34
Won: 27 medals - 13 gold, six silver and eight bronze
The USSR national team scored a record total of points in the history of the Winter Olympics - 192. The second-placed athletes from the GDR took 135 points and 19 medals (7-5-7). Team USA finished third with 73 points, ten medals (3–3–4).

USSR national team at the opening ceremony of the XII Winter Olympic Games
In Innsbruck 1976, ice dancing first appeared in the figure skating competition program. The gold medal in this event was won by Soviet figure skaters Lyudmila Pakhomova and Alexander Gorshkov. Irina Rodnina and Alexander Zaitsev won again in pair skating.


The USSR national hockey team, which included Tretyak, Kharlamov, Petrov, Mikhailov and Yakushev, once again proved to be the strongest at the Olympics.


Skiers won four gold medals: Nikolai Bazhukov (15 kilometers), Sergey Savelyev (30 kilometers), Raisa Smetanina (10 kilometers) and the relay team (Nina Baldycheva, Zinaida Amosova, Raisa Smetanina, Galina Kulakova).


AT speed skating four of the nine gold medals were won by Soviet athletes. Biathlete Nikolai Kruglov won the individual 20 km race, adding personal gold to team gold in the relay.
Lake Placid 1980 (USA)

When it took place: February 13 - 24, 1980
Sets played: 38
Won: 22 medals - 10 gold, six silver and six bronze


Lake Placid hosted the Winter Olympics for the second time since 1932. The organization failed: many sports facilities were not completed, the athletes had to live in a prison building, for the first time in history, artificial snow was used, as the organizers could not stock up on real snow.

The USSR national team won the unofficial medal standings, but lost to the GDR, which won one award more - 23 medals (9–7–7).
Skiers took four gold medals at once, and three of them were young Nikolai Zamyatov, who became the main sensation of the Olympics. The athlete unexpectedly won the 30 and 50 km races and contributed to the relay. At a distance of 5 km, Raisa Smetanina again excelled. In luge, Vera Zozulya won the first gold in singles.


Irina Rodnina, paired with Alexander Zaitsev, took her third consecutive gold medal in the sports couples competition. Among the dance duets, Natalya Linichuk and Gennady Karponosov excelled.


Biathletes won two gold medals - in Anatoly Alyabyev (20 km race) and in the relay. Alexander Tikhonov, who took part in it, took Olympic gold in the relay for the fourth time in a row.
Calgary 1988 (Canada)


When it took place: February 13 - 28, 1988
Sets played: 46
Won: 29 medals - 11 gold, nine silver and nine bronze


Canadian Calgary won the Olympics on the seventh attempt. Here, the USSR national team won the unofficial team standings, slightly ahead of their rivals from the GDR (25 medals: 9–10–6).
In Calgary, Soviet skiers especially distinguished themselves - they won 15 medals, five of them gold. In women, in addition to the relay squad, which was 1.5 minutes ahead of the Norwegians, Vida Vintsen (10 km) and Tamara Tikhonova (20 km) took gold.


In men, Aleksey Prokurorov (30 km) and Mikhail Devetyarov (15 km) excelled. In biathlon, Soviet athletes won four medals out of nine possible. Janis Kipurs and Vladimir Kozlov presented a sensation in the bobsleigh competitions, who in the “two” managed to surpass the masters from the GDR.


In figure skating, Soviet athletes again had no equal. In ice dancing, Natalya Bestemyanova and Andrey Bukin were the best. Marina Klimova and Sergei Ponomarenko were second. Among sports duets, Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergey Grinkov celebrated the victory, Elena Valova and Oleg Vasilyev took second place.


Vyacheslav Fetisov, Alexander Kozhevnikov, Alexei Kasatonov, Igor Larionov, Vladimir Krutov, Valery Kamensky, Vyacheslav Bykov and Alexander Mogilny became Olympic hockey champions.