Research work "reasons for choosing the city of Sochi to host the Winter Olympic Games". Winter Olympic Games Hosting the Winter Olympics in a warm climate

Snowflakes are spinning in a round dance, like ballerinas in white tutus are spinning - quietly, gracefully, gracefully. As they rotate, they fall to the ground and here they press tightly against each other, because it is uncomfortable and scary for them in a new environment, because it is sad for snowflakes to lie on the frozen ground after soaring in the expanses of heaven. This is how snow is formed - a white, warm feather bed. After that, the snowflakes are already spinning more cheerfully. After all, below they fall directly into the arms of girlfriends. From their common joy and cheerful mood, the snow becomes fluffy and sparkling, like a New Year's toy. And from the point of view of science, snow is solid atmospheric precipitation that falls from clouds in the form of snowflakes - snow (ice) crystals, very diverse in shape, but based on a hexagonal plate or a hexagonal column. The diameter of snowflakes varies from fractions of a mm to several mm. When it is calm and the air temperature is about 0 ° C, snowflakes can, upon impact, combine into large flakes with a diameter of up to several cm. The average weight of individual snowflakes is from 0.0001 to 0.003 g, large snow flakes - up to 0.2-0.5 g.

Interest in snow and snowflakes is not accidental. In the winter of 2014, the Winter Olympics will take place in Sochi, Russian city located in a subtropical climate. Never before in the history of the Winter Olympics have competitions been held in such a warm climate. The average January temperature in Sochi reaches +7°C. In winter, in sunny weather in Sochi, the air warms up to +15…17°C. This is confirmed by weather monitoring data in Sochi over the past 5 years. The program of the Winter Olympic Games includes: all-around, ski race, slalom, freestyle, bobsleigh and many other sports. All of these species require snow.

In this connection, there is a problem of holding the Winter Olympic Games in a warm climate. To solve it, in conditions of insufficient snow or its absence, it is necessary to create snow artificially

What does a snowflake look like and what is it made of

The snowflake is one of the most beautiful creations of nature. We would have to work hard to create a shape comparable in beauty to the shape of a snowflake. When it snows, millions of snowflakes fall to the ground, and no two are alike.

Snow is just frozen water. Snow is white because the planes of the snowflake, which are ice crystals, reflect light, which is why snow appears white. When water freezes, crystals form. This means that the molecules line up in a special order, forming a geometric shape, which we call a "crystal". It so happened that the water molecule consists of three particles - two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Therefore, during crystallization, it can form a three- or hexagonal figure. Water turning into snow is a form of water vapor in the atmosphere. When freezing, water crystals are so small that they are not visible. When snow forms, these crystals are moved up and down by air currents in the atmosphere. During such movements, they are grouped around the smallest particles of dust or water droplets. Such a group of crystals becomes more and more, several hundred such crystals can gather around one such nucleus. This group becomes large, heavy and falls to the ground. We call it "snowflake".

Some snowflakes reach three centimeters in diameter. The size of snowflakes depends on temperature. The lower the temperature, the smaller the snowflakes. In some parts of the planet, colored snow fell: blue, green, red and even black? This is due to the presence in the air where snowflakes form, a certain fungus or dust.

A great secret is hidden in snowflakes. In fact, isn’t it magical, isn’t it surprising: steam from a kettle, from a tub with linen, smoke from chimneys - all this shaggy and shapeless, rising up into the clouds, and having undergone some kind of transformation, pours back to us not shapeless lumps, not boring dust, but in the form of lacy hexagonal crystals. It is as if Nature herself wants to hint to us that it is not chaos, not disorder, but some very precise and beautiful mathematical laws that underlie it. To take a good look at real snowflakes, you need to at least leave the house. And for especially large and beautiful specimens, you will have to hunt all over the country. To get started, you should look at the precipitation map and choose those places where it often snows. In the same way, skiers are chasing snow, but we are not on the way with them: in equipped mountain resorts, as a rule, it is relatively warm, from 0 to -5 degrees. In such weather, snowflakes, flying up to the ground, thaw, become covered with hoarfrost, their shape is smoothed out or completely lost.

Good snow requires good frost - about a couple of tens of degrees below zero. It allows snowflakes to grow confidently, keeping the sharpness of the rays and edges all the way to the ground. However, here it is also important to know the measure: as a rule, all the snow falls at the same -20 ° C, and with a further decrease in temperature, the air remains dry, precipitation does not form. Of course, in the circumpolar regions, where the temperature rarely rises above -40°C and the air is very dry, it still snows. At the same time, snowflakes are tiny hexagonal prisms with perfectly even edges, without the slightest smoothing of the corners. But in middle lane In Russia, especially in Central Siberia, sometimes huge stars up to 30 cm in diameter fall out. The probability of seeing large snowflakes increases significantly near water bodies: evaporation from lakes and reservoirs is an excellent building material. And of course, the absence of strong winds is highly desirable, otherwise large snowflakes will collide with each other and break. Therefore, the forest landscape is preferable to the steppes and tundra.

What kind of snow is needed for various winter sports.

The program of the Winter Olympic Games includes: all-around, cross-country skiing, slalom, freestyle, bobsleigh and many other sports. All of these species require snow. A flat snowflake is formed at a temperature of -5 degrees Celsius. This type of snow is essential for big slalom and ski jumping courses, as well as freestyle competitions. Similar oblong snowflakes are formed strictly at -5 degrees Celsius. Such snowflakes are great helpers in luge competitions. “Triangular” snowflakes are very rare and form at temperatures ranging from -2C to -3C. Skaters prefer ice with this temperature. In this temperature range, the ice is softer and gives the right grip to the skates. Complex tree-like snowflakes often have an average size of two millimeters, and their structure is clearly visible to the naked eye. It is from tree-like snowflakes that the snow that is best suited for skiing is made.

Getting snow by experience

Equipment:

black velvet paper;
spray bottle with water;
video camera
necessary weather conditions: frost from 20C to 25C

To create snow, you need to take black velvet paper (so that the snowflakes catch on with their “rays”), you need to spray small drops of water on the paper from a spray bottle. In frosty air (outside - 22C), the droplets should solidify and turn into snowflakes. In order for the droplets to crystallize, it is necessary to spray water with a spray bottle at a distance of half a meter.

Examples of using artificial snow

The principle of obtaining artificial snow underlies the industrial production of artificial snow. This principle is used in snow guns, which eject water vapor through the smallest nozzles, at the same time air is supplied at the temperature necessary to obtain the type of snow for a particular sport.

Freezing, the droplets turn into snowflakes and artificial snow is obtained. layer of snow for ski slopes is up to a metre. Artificial snow lasts for a long time, despite the thaw, if you pour from 1 to 1.5 meters of snow, then you can ride at a higher temperature of +8 + 15 degrees Celsius.

In preparation for the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, the experience of some countries can come to the rescue, which at any time, thanks to high technologies, can “cause” winter. For example, in the Swedish city of Thorsby, they came up with a tunnel in which a ski track is created. The principle of operation of such a “snow factory” is such that the water that is ejected from the device and has a temperature of minus three degrees to zero turns into snow flakes and evenly covers the skiing and biathlon area. I must say that this artificial track is very popular with many national teams, which, due to the lack of snow, can train athletes all year round in an environment close to “combat”. There are many more examples of such implementation of technologies in modern sports. In Munich, Germany, competitions in skiing using a similar method. This initiative is perceived with enthusiasm by residents and guests of Bavaria, especially by those who are fond of skiing. Surprisingly, even the Arab sheiks adopted the Swedish idea and built a huge ski park in the Dubai desert. In the desert, where the heat reaches 40 degrees even in the shade, a modern indoor stadium with artificial snow has grown in a matter of months. There has always been a lot of snow in Russia, but now even in mid-December there is no snow cover in the European part of our country.

Who knows, maybe soon the saying “winter will come - ask for snow” will take on some other meaning. At least in the age of modern technology, the benefits of artificial snow should not be underestimated. Indoor stadiums for biathlon or slalom can become as familiar as indoor stadiums. Ice Palace, for example. Many years ago, both hockey and speed skating were also played on outdoors, but who remembers this, sitting in the comfortable chairs of modern stadiums. Many skiers have already stopped neglecting artificial surfaces. At least the legendary Italian skier Alberto Tomba spoke in their favor: “It's a fantastic feeling! This great idea will help bring mining closer skiing to those people who live where there are no mountains, ”admitted the three-time Olympic champion. In addition to the challenges of running competitions, if there is no snow, children will not be able to learn to ski, and ski types sports are in danger of disappearing. But the optimistic stance of the head of the FIS World Championship Günter Hujjar, who used to be biased against artificial snow, can give a new impetus to the development of skiing. Now he assures that technology can really help. Well, if they can do it in the Dubai desert, then why not introduce the practice of competitions on man-made snow in the rest of the world.

“I love bad guys, Bill. Are you a bad guy?
— Oh, I'm a very bad guy. I'm homophobic."

That's where the jokes come true. German Olympians were urged to declare themselves sodomites in Sochi.

The Union of Pederasts and Lesbians in Germany, a very influential organization, issued a document called "Sochi - Appeal to Freedom". In which he strongly recommended that athletes during the Olympics read publicly the following formula of faith:

As a free man, I say: in a country where lesbians and gays are persecuted, I am also gay, I am also a lesbian. I state this because I stand for the right of all people to freely express their opinions, to be treated equally, for respect for their love. Oppression and violence against minorities, on the contrary, makes us all unfree. Censorship and suppressive laws must be abandoned. Any society will benefit when our lesbian sisters and our gay brothers can live in freedom, equal treatment and respect.

Of course, the collective farm is voluntary. If you want, publicly declare that you are a sodomite. Do not want? It's okay, you won't get anything for it. No funding, no equipment, no place in the team ...

Okay, today I'm not talking about that. Today I want to finally dot the "i" in the matter of choosing a place for our Olympics. Otherwise, some believe that our authorities chose subtropical Sochi for the Winter Olympics solely out of a desire to harm Russia. And the slogan of the Olympics is “Hot. Winter. Their own ”- against this background, critics perceive nothing more than a sophisticated mockery.

At the same time, the question usually remains overboard why the Olympic Committee approved the application for hot Sochi - although it could easily have chosen frosty Salzburg or Pyeongchang. Particularly stubborn hint at the bribe with which these bad Russians corrupted the naive Olympic functionaries. The less paranoid prefer to ignore this question.

Let's do a little sneak peek.

Let's start with the "subtropics". Subtropics is a climate zone that is located approximately between 30 and 45 degrees north and south latitude. To make it easier to get attached to the area, 45 degrees north latitude is the Russian Stavropol. 30 degrees is Egyptian Cairo.

Let's look at the Winter Olympics cities that fall within that range, from 30 to 45 degrees:

1. Albertville (1992) - 45°41′00″ s. sh.
2. Grenoble (1968) - 45°11′16″ s. sh.
3. Turin (2006) - 45°04′00″ s. sh.
4. Lake Placid (1980) - 44°17′08″ s. sh.
5. Sarajevo (1984) - 43°52′00″ s. sh.
6. Sochi (2014) - 43°35′07″ s. sh.
7. Sapporo (1972) - 43°03′00″ s. sh.
8. Salt Lake City (2002) - 40°45′00″ s. sh.
9. Squaw Valley (1960) - 39°09′00″ s. sh.
10. Pyeongchang (2018) - 37°22′08″ s. sh.
11. Nagano (1998) - 36°38′55″ s. sh.

As you can see, 11 pieces. Or 10 if we are boring and cross out Pyeongchang, which has yet to be lucky enough to host the Winter Olympics. What cities are further north?

1. Lillehammer (1994) - 61°06′49″ s. sh.
2. Calgary (1988) - 51°02′42″ s. sh.
3. Vancouver (2010) - 49°18′08.25″ s. sh.
4. Innsbruck (1964, 1976) - 47°16′00″ s. sh.

Only four cities. You don't have to be a mathematician to see that nearly three-quarters of the Winter Olympics have been held roughly in the subtropical zone. It's a glorious tradition that we just didn't unnecessarily interrupt.

Again, there are quite a few places in Russia that are suitable for organizing competitions of this level. Of course, we have enough mountains, but ski resorts for the most part located away from major cities. Therefore, building huge stadiums, say, in Abzakovo (60 kilometers from Magnitogorsk) is just burying money in the snow.

Actually, there were exactly two options: Sochi and Grozny. However, Chechnya is located at about the same latitude as Sochi, so even if Grozny had been chosen for the Olympics, it would not have been easier for the “witnesses of the subtropics”.

At this point, the impatient reader is likely to exclaim that latitude by itself means nothing. Since, for example, Vladivostok, although it is located at the same latitude as Sochi, in winter it is on average 20 degrees colder there.

Such a significant difference is due to differences in climate - while Sochi has a subtropical humid climate, Vladivostok has a monsoonal climate. In winter, the wind brings clear frosty weather to Vladivostok from Mongolia and Eastern Siberia. There are no monsoons in Sochi, but there is the Black Sea. Therefore, winters in Sochi are warm and rainy.

I note in passing that the climate of Sochi is very good for the Olympics, since a light frost is much more comfortable for spectators than some continental 20 (and sometimes 40) degrees dubak Celsius.

So, the climate. The famous St. Petersburg resident Vladimir Petrovich Köppen developed a classification of climates back in 1936, which is now generally accepted:

Köppen climates are divided into five types of zones, of which we are interested in two, "C" and "D" (since there were no Winter Olympic Games in other climatic zones and most likely will not be):

C: Temperate, subtropical and continental. Moderately warm.
D: Continental, subarctic (boreal). Moderately cold.

Each of these two zones, in turn, is divided into three types - "dry winter" (w), "dry summer" (s) and "uniformly wet" (f).

Finally, to further define the climate, a letter is often added for the temperature of the warmest or coldest month.

Let's break it down by climate type. Olympic cities:

cf. Moderately warm with even moisture. 10 cities.

1932, 1980. Lake Placid (Cfa)
1924. Chamonix (Cfb)
1936. Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Cfb)
1968. Grenoble (Cfb)
1984. Sarajevo (Cfb)
1992. Albertville (Cfa)
1998. Nagano (Cfa)
2006. Turin (Cfa)
2010. Vancouver (Cfb)
2014. Sochi(Cfa)

Cs. Moderately warm with dry summers. 1 city.

1960. Squaw Valley (Csb)

cf. Moderately cold with uniform moisture. 8 cities.

1928, 1948 St. Moritz (Dfc)
1952. Oslo (Dfb)
1956. Cortina d'Ampezzo (Dfb)
1964. Innsbruck (Dfb)
1972. Sapporo (Dfa/Dfb)
1988. Calgary (Dfb)
1994. Lillehammer (Dfc)
2018. Pyeongchang (Dfb/Dfw)

Ds. Moderately cold with dry summers. 1 city.

2002. Salt Lake City (Dsa)

So, as you can easily see, our Sochi belongs to the largest group of cities - a group with a moderately warm climate with uniform moisture.

At the same time, in four Olympic In cities, the type of climate according to Köppen completely coincides with the type of climate in Sochi - Cfa.

Let me summarize

Sochi has the most suitable climate for the Winter Olympic Games: moderately warm, with uniform moisture, temperature class "a". Same type of climate cfa according to the Koeppen classification, they have the Olympic cities of Lake Placid (1932, 1980), Albertville (1992), Nagano (1998) and Turin (2006).

PS. Let me remind you that the rest of the myths about the Olympics are sorted out here:

PPS. Proof about forcing German athletes to sodomy:

update. For the curious. Krasnaya Polyana, where the so-called "mountain cluster" will be located, has a Dwb climate type - moderately cold, with dry winters, temperature class "b".

“I love bad guys, Bill. Are you a bad guy?
- Oh, I'm a very bad guy. I'm homophobic."

That's where the jokes come true. German Olympians were urged to declare themselves sodomites in Sochi.

The Union of Pederasts and Lesbians in Germany, a very influential organization, issued a document "Sochi - an appeal to freedom." In which he strongly recommended that athletes during the Olympics read publicly the following formula of faith:

As a free man, I say: in a country where lesbians and gays are persecuted, I am also gay, I am also a lesbian. I state this because I stand for the right of all people to freely express their opinions, to be treated equally, for respect for their love. Oppression and violence against minorities, on the contrary, makes us all unfree. Censorship and suppressive laws must be abandoned. Any society will benefit when our lesbian sisters and our gay brothers can live in freedom, equal treatment and respect.

Of course, the collective farm is voluntary. If you want - publicly declare that you are a sodomite. Do not want? It's okay, you won't get anything for it. No funding, no equipment, no place in the team ...

At the same time, the question usually remains overboard, why did the Olympic Committee approve the application for hot Sochi - although it could easily have chosen frosty Salzburg or Pyeongchang. Particularly stubborn hint at the bribe with which these bad Russians corrupted the naive Olympic functionaries. The less paranoid prefer to ignore this question.

Let's do a little sneak peek.

Let's look at the Winter Olympics cities that fall within that range, from 30 to 45 degrees:

As you can see, 11 pieces. Or 10 if we are boring and cross out Pyeongchang, which has yet to be lucky enough to host the Winter Olympics. What cities are further north?

1. Lillehammer (1994) - 61°06′49″ s. sh.
2. Calgary (1988) - 51°02′42″ s. sh.
3. Vancouver (2010) - 49°18′08.25″ s. sh.
4. Innsbruck (1964, 1976) - 47°16′00″ s. sh.

Only four cities. You don't have to be a mathematician to see that almost three-quarters of the Winter Olympics have been held roughly in the subtropical zone. It's a glorious tradition that we just didn't unnecessarily interrupt.

Again, there are quite a few places in Russia that are suitable for organizing competitions of this level. Of course, we have enough mountains, but ski resorts are mostly located far from large cities. Therefore, building huge stadiums, say, in Abzakovo (60 kilometers from Magnitogorsk) is just burying money in the snow.

So, the climate. The famous St. Petersburg resident Vladimir Petrovich Köppen developed a classification of climates back in 1936, which is now generally accepted:

Köppen climates are divided into five types of zones, of which we are interested in two, "C" and "D" (since there were no Winter Olympic Games in other climatic zones and most likely will not be):

C: Temperate, subtropical and continental. Moderately warm.
D: Continental, subarctic (boreal). Moderately cold.

Each of these two zones, in turn, is divided into three types - "dry winter" (w), "dry summer" (s) and "uniformly wet" (f).

Finally, to further define the climate, a letter is often added for the temperature of the warmest or coldest month.

We now divide the Olympic cities by climate type:

cf. Moderately warm with even moisture. 10 cities.

Cs. Moderately warm with dry summers. 1 city.

1960. Squaw Valley (Csb)

cf. Moderately cold with uniform moisture. 8 cities.

1928, 1948 St. Moritz (Dfc)
1952. Oslo (Dfb)
1956. Cortina d'Ampezzo (Dfb)
1964. Innsbruck (Dfb)
1972. Sapporo (Dfa/Dfb)
1988. Calgary (Dfb)
1994. Lillehammer (Dfc)
2018. Pyeongchang (Dfb/Dfw)

Ds. Moderately cold with dry summers. 1 city.

2002. Salt Lake City (Dsa)

So, as you can easily see, our Sochi belongs to the largest group of cities - a group with a moderately warm climate with uniform moisture.

At the same time, in four Olympic cities, the climate type according to Köppen completely coincides with the Sochi climate type - Cfa.

Let me summarize

PS. Let me remind you that the rest of the myths about the Olympics are sorted out here:

PPS. Proof about forcing German athletes to sodomy:

update. For the curious. Krasnaya Polyana, where the so-called "mountain cluster" will be located, has a Dwb climate type - moderately cold, with dry winters, temperature class "b".

Myth1. It's stupid to hold the Winter Olympics in the subtropics

In fact, the climate of Sochi is almost ideal for such an event. After all, for example, in Khanty-Mansiysk in February it is quite cold, and some types of competitions in such weather are forbidden to be held according to the regulations. In addition, skiing competitions require mountain peaks located in a relatively convenient place. Therefore, only Grozny could become a real alternative to Sochi ... which is located approximately at the same latitude.

It is also worth considering that freezing ice at stadiums in terms of energy costs is approximately the same as in Sochi, in Tyumen, and about half of the types of competitions are just held at stadiums, at artificial ice. Competitions that are associated with snow will be held in Krasnaya Polyana, where the conditions are ideal for them: natural snow and a slight minus. Thus, if the Olympics were held in a different, colder place, it would only be worse.

Map of the subtropics according to Wikipedia, superimposed on the map of the Winter Olympics since 1924. It can be seen that the 1960, 1968, 1984, 1992, 1998, 2006 Olympiads are located approximately in the subtropical zone.

The Olympic cities of Lake Placid (1932, 1980), Albertville (1992), Nagano (1998) and Turin (2006) can boast exactly the same type of climate - Cfa. It should be noted that Lake Placid is located not far from New York - and this is far from the coldest place in the United States.

Finally, it should be added that Krasnaya Polyana, where the “mountain cluster” of the Olympic Games will be located, already has a Dwb climate type - “moderately cold”. This is the maximum possible cold: in even more frosty places (types "ET" or "EF") the Winter Games have never been held.

Myth 2. There will be a plus in Krasnaya Polyana, and the Olympics will fail without snow

Indeed: the winter of 2013-2014 turned out to be very warm, and there is a high probability of seeing in February positive temperatures not only in Sochi, where the competitions will be held inside the stadiums, but also in the "mountain cluster" in Krasnaya Polyana.

Nevertheless, the lack of snow will not interfere with the competition in any way: fortunately, we do not live in the Stone Age, and such an achievement of civilization as artificial snow is quite accessible to us. It is actively used in winter sports. On fresh photos from the winter stages of the Biathlon World Cup in France and Germany, you can see that the snow lies only on the tracks, and the grass around the tracks is green with might and main.

Moreover: professional athletes now, in principle, do not drive on natural snow - it is too fragile for them. The first athletes to go grind it into porridge, which creates difficulties for those following them.

Therefore, they actually ride on a specially prepared compacted mixture, which includes a bunch of chemicals like saltpeter. The coating turns out to be very durable, amateurs cannot even ride on it, as it feels like ice. In professional slang, such a coating is called "concrete".

The melting temperature of artificial snow is very high - for example, in Vancouver, at the snowboarding ASG, the temperature was +15.

In addition, in the winter of 2012-2013, a large amount of natural snow was specially prepared "in reserve" - it was placed in specially created storage areas, covered with natural heat-insulating materials for the summer.

In general, there is no doubt that the organizers of the Olympic Games have prepared artificial and natural snow with a margin. It is also, perhaps, even unnecessary to explain that the issue of snow and weather risks was carefully thought out back in 2007, when Sochi was chosen as the venue for the Olympic Games.

Myth 3. The Olympics cost each Russian 4 million rubles

An example of a lie about 4 million.

By social networks an agitation is stubbornly spreading in which the authors divide the cost of the Olympics by the number of Russian citizens and claim that instead of the Olympics, it was possible to distribute 4 million rubles to each Russian.

In fact, an elementary arithmetic calculation shows that this is not so. If we multiply 4 million rubles by 143 million inhabitants of Russia, we get 572 trillion rubles - an astronomical amount that roughly corresponds to everything public debt USA. In reality, 4 orders of magnitude (10,000 times) less budget money was spent on the Olympics.

Myth 4. The state will spend $50 billion on the Olympics

In fact, the budget will spend about 100 billion rubles directly on the Olympics, which is about 3 billion dollars. Another 114 billion rubles will be invested by investors.

The Olympic Games in Sochi will cost about 700 rubles for every citizen of Russia. Not the most significant amount for a country in which the average salary for 2013 was about 30 thousand rubles.

The rest of the money will go not to the Olympics, but to the development of infrastructure in the Sochi region - which should have been developed in any case, regardless of the Games.

Thus, the real cost of hosting the Olympics is 214 billion rubles or 6.5 billion dollars. Adjusted for inflation, this amount is quite consistent with the cost of hosting the Winter Olympic Games in other countries.

Myth 5. Business in Sochi was seriously harmed by limiting its work during the Olympics

This is not true. After all, after the choice of the city of Sochi in 2007, a huge number of builders came to the city. They rented accommodation, ate in cafes and restaurants, stocked up with everything they needed in stores. The business has been making huge profits for over six years. These six years fully compensate for a month and a half of the losses that business will incur during the Olympics.

Myth 6. The road from Adler to Krasnaya Polyana cost three times as much as a flight to Mars

Formally, everything is correct. However, there are nuances.

First, this is not an ordinary road. It includes 27 kilometers of tunnels, as well as 35 kilometers of bridges and overpasses. This is a unique track, which combines high-speed roads and railways.

Secondly, sending the Curiosity rover to Mars is an interesting and advanced project, but by no means a breakthrough project. With all due respect to the scientists, if anything is striking in scale in this project, it is only the incredible PR that goes along with it. For comparison: the cost of the International Space Station (ISS) is more than 50 times the cost of the Curiosity expedition.

Thirdly, Russia is also finding resources for truly breakthrough space projects, such as the Radioastron telescope, the largest space telescope in the world.

Finally, if anyone is to be blamed for the lack of funding for space programs, it is the United States: after all, even a small reduction in the US military budget would be enough to build a full-fledged manned station on Mars.

Myth 7. Dissatisfied with the Olympics were only in Russia

The Olympics is a major event that inevitably generates a lot of discontent in society. Actively protested against the Olympics, for example, the population of London. "Ordinary working people will get nothing from the Olympics, while McDonalds and Coca-Cola receive millions of dollars from advertising at Olympic events," said one of the demonstrators, Michael Coulston.

The arguments against the Olympics among the protesters are traditional - it's all sawing and theft, it would be better if this money was spent on something else.

Myth 8. All fans will have to register with the police

This is not true. All Russian spectators with tickets to the Games who have issued a FAN ID may not apply to the registration authorities in Sochi if they come to the city for a period of less than 90 days.

Foreign spectators may not apply to the registration authorities if they arrive for a period of less than 7 days. Moreover, if the viewer is accommodated in a hotel (boarding house, cruise ship, sanatorium, holiday home, camp site, etc.), then he will not have to contact the Federal Migration Service at all: all actions related to registration (migration registration) for it will be made by the staff of the accommodation.

Myth 9. Nothing is ready yet, they won’t have time to complete the construction before the opening

All sports facilities are almost ready, in full compliance with the requirements of the International Olympic Committee all of them had test competitions even before the start of the Olympiad.

Myth 10. Western politicians are boycotting the Olympics

The media, negatively inclined towards Russia, happily report that the Olympics in Sochi are waiting for a boycott by politicians - since sodomites are oppressed in Russia and since Russia did not allow Georgia to annex Abkhazia with South Ossetia by force.

The idea of a boycott is actively promoted among Russophobes. Entrepreneurial citizens even began to collect money from gullible oppositionists to fight the Olympics.

Of course, the spiritual leaders of our white ribbon clip are also calling for a boycott of the Olympics.

Indeed, most of the invited Western politicians will not come to the Games. However, this is the traditional practice. The first persons of the states are busy people, therefore they are forced to reject the lion's share of the invitations that come to them.

So, for example, only German President Horst Koehler and British Prime Minister Tony Blair visited the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004. The Russian, American and French presidents, as well as the leaders of China, Japan and even Australia "boycotted" those Games.

Of course, sodomites would love to boycott our Games. However, even the most radical organizations of pederasts limit themselves to calling on the athletes of their countries to publicly identify themselves as homosexuals at the Sochi Olympics.

Myth 11. A dying torch is our shame

Really, Olympic torch repeatedly extinguished during the procession. However, the torch was also extinguished during other Olympic Games - for example, it was extinguished several dozen times in 2008 in China. A periodically extinguished torch is the norm for Olympic processions.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that our torch had a very rich program, which included space flight, diving to the bottom of Lake Baikal and visiting the most exotic places in Russia.

The reaction of world media journalists was quite predictable: they admired the Russians, who showed themselves during the torch run as "real bad guys" who are not afraid of ice water or other extreme conditions.

Only our opposition journalists paid close attention to the episodes with the fading torch.

Dmitry Sereda

Spectacular pumping of the body - Health Portal

Research work "reasons for choosing the city of Sochi to host the Winter Olympic Games". Winter Olympic Games Hosting the Winter Olympics in a warm climate

What does a snowflake look like and what is it made of

What kind of snow is needed for various winter sports.

Getting snow by experience

Examples of using artificial snow

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Spectacular pumping of the body - Health Portal

What does a snowflake look like and what is it made of

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