Tennis is one of the most popular sports in the world today. Every day there are many tournaments with different prize funds: from 15 thousand dollars to 2.5 million in US currency. The first rackets of the world
familiar to the whole world, they are the faces of corporations that produce sporting goods. Everyone knows Maria Sharapova, Serena Williams, Rafael Nadal and other eminent tennis players. The first tennis competitions were held back in 1884, since then the game has evolved, and the rules tennis were constantly changing. In this article we will talk about them.
Two opponents or two teams of two people take part in a tennis duel. There are both men's and women's singles and doubles competitions. Frequent and championships among mixed teams.
Tennis rules state that the ball must be brought into play by one of the players serving with a racket. The right to serve passes from one opponent to another in turn. When serving the ball, the player must hit a special part of the court. And the receiver must not allow the ball to hit the ground in his own half of the court more than once. Tennis players are given 20-25 seconds to put the ball into play.
Games are divided into points, games and sets. To win a game, according to the rules of tennis, a player must score 15-30-40 points and win another draw. If the score in the game becomes equal to 40-40, then the players continue to play until the difference in two won draws. That is, if one of the players won the serve, then he is assigned the letter “A” - Advantage, after which he needs to win one more time in the game.
In order to win the entire set, the player needs to score six points. In the case when the score becomes equal to 5:5, the players continue to play until the difference of two games. If the score has become 6:6, then a tie-break is assigned, in which 7 innings are played. The number of sets may vary, depending on the tournament and the gender of the participants. For example, as a rule, women play less than 3 sets, while for men this number can reach up to five, and the match itself often lasts more than four hours. After three sets in men's confrontations and two sets in women's, a break of ten minutes is announced - this is how the rules of big tennis say.
If the player believes that the ball has gone beyond the line of the court, and the referees missed this moment, he can ask for a "challenge", in which it will be proved with the help of a hawk-eye video replay whether the ball hit the court or not. In addition, in tennis there is a judge on the tower, it is he who is guided by the rules of tennis and makes the appropriate verdict. He is assisted by line judges who also determine whether the ball has gone or not.
The rules of tennis are written not only for players and referees. There are also. So, for example, shouting and any interference with athletes are considered bad form on the part of the fans. And among tennis players, regular is also considered a manifestation of arrogance and disrespect, despite the fact that this is just sport game. Tennis in its history is replete with unforgivable emotional outbursts from the players.
The best way to understand and feel all the rules and subtleties of the game is to play tennis yourself. A tennis school is present in almost every city, which simplifies the search for a court and a partner of the appropriate level.
It's no secret that an active lifestyle has a positive impact on absolutely all human organ systems. And a sport like tennis is no exception. The rules of tennis have been invented for a long time, but not all of us are familiar with them. So it's time to get an idea of this kind active rest(for someone work) and its nuances.
Who regulates tennis matches?
The International Tennis Federation is the main regulator of all issues that arise during the conduct and organization of various tournaments. The rules of tennis are also regulated and established by this sports supervisory authority.
So, the requirements say that a match can consist of either three or five sets. Accordingly, in order for an athlete to be considered a winner, he will need to defeat his opponent in at least two or three sets, that is, in most of them. The set itself can be given according to two typical schemes.
How is the score in the set?
Often it is played with the so-called tie-break. However, sometimes games are played without it.
If a tie-break is nevertheless provided, then in this case the victory in the set is awarded to the tennis player who first wins six games, but on condition that the opponent has a backlog of more than two games. When the score is 5:5, the set is played to 7. When the score becomes 6:6, the tie-break starts.
Score in the game and its features
It is noteworthy that the score in the game today is announced in the same way as in the era when tennis was born. The rules of the score have established that its announcement begins with the player who serves. If there are no points won, then zero is announced. Taking the first point - 15, the second - 30, the third - 40. Taking the fourth point guarantees victory in the game, but on condition that both opponents do not have 3 points each. In such a situation, the score is considered equal.
The next point, if the server wins it, gives advantage in the score. If the server loses this point, the receiving player already has the advantage and the score is declared lower. In order to win a game after a set, it is necessary to take two points in a row. Simply put, it is extremely important for an overscore server to take the next point to win the game.
Tie-break draw
During the tie-break, the scoring is based on the principle of "one", "two", etc. The required number of points is 7.
The athlete who first scored seven points wins the tie-break and the set, but for this it is necessary to have a lead of two or more points from the opponent. Otherwise, the game continues until such a gap is reached.
The tie-break service is given to the player who, in turn, must serve it. He also serves in the game for the first point. After that, the next two points are served by the opponent. Then the serves alternately pass from one tennis player to another until one of them wins.
Start of tennis match
We have reviewed the basic rules of tennis. Now let's focus our attention on how the match starts. First, the players determine who will be the first to serve, and also choose their sides of the court. The choice is made by lot. After each odd game, the players change sides.
Ball on the court
The ball is in play from the moment it is served until the episode when the point is not completed or an error is recorded when serving. Moreover, the rules of playing tennis for beginners speak of the same requirements. Sometimes the ball hits the line. In such situations, the ball will count as the line is an integral part of the court.
The player who took the kick will be awarded a point if the ball, after it has been served, enters the boundaries of the court and touches any possible permanent fixture of the court. If the ball touches a permanent fixture of the court before the bounce, then the point is awarded to the opponent.
The subtleties of the submission
Firstly, a tennis player is not allowed to step on the back line with his foot. Both legs should be behind her. In addition, the athlete must be positioned between the sideline and the mid-court line. When the player is in the correct position, he must toss the ball up and hit it with the racket. These elementary rules of tennis for dummies must be strictly observed.
Principle of scoring
A player can lose a point in the following situations:
- He makes a double fault on the serve.
- A player cannot kick the ball to the opposite side of the court.
- The ball after its impact does not fall into the boundaries of the court.
- Receives the ball before it bounces off the surface of the court.
- Touches the ball twice or more.
- The ball hits the player himself.
Pair play
In general, all moments of the game singles completely coincide with the nuances of the game in pairs. Therefore, it should be borne in mind that the rules of doubles tennis are completely identical to the requirements of the same one-on-one game.
In those moments when disputes arise, they must be interpreted on the basis of the current rules regulated by the ITF. At competitions high level players and referees use a special video analysis system called "Hawk-Eye", which allows you to see in detail the interesting moment of the game.
Tennis has one of the strangest scoring systems in the world. sports world, but this is probably the most fun kind of competition. The good news is that once you learn how to calculate the score, you won't have a problem remembering it. Go to step 1 to find out the scoring system in the game called "tennis".
Steps
Part 1
Understanding the account- 1st ball won is 15 points
- 2nd ball won is 30 points
- 3rd ball won is 40 points
- 4th ball won means victory in the game (that is, its end)
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Know how to announce the score when serving. It is the server's job to yell out the score during the match so that the opponent can hear it (unless you are playing at a professional level, where this work is done by the person responsible for the correct scoring). You should always say your points and then your opponent's points. For example:
- If you have won two balls and your opponent is one, then you must announce: "30-15".
- If your opponent won three goals and you are alone, then you must say: "15-40."
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Understand how each set is calculated. It is played until one of the players or some team (in doubles) won't win six games. At the beginning of the pitch, always state the number of games won by each player or team, starting with the winning ones. For example:
- If you have won four games and your opponent has won two, then you need to announce the score "4-2" before the game with your serve (that is, when you serve the ball first, and do not return it).
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Be aware that in the case of a long side by side game, you need to score more than two points to win. This applies to both games and sets. Here are some examples:
- If the game score is 40-40, then you need to win two points in a row to win the game (we'll cover this in more detail in step 3 of the next section).
- If you both win 5 games and the score is 5-5, then you will have to win two more games in a row to make it 7-5 and win the set.
- If the score is 5-5 and you win the next game, then the score becomes 6-5. If you lose in the next game, the score is again 6-6, and you, again, have to win 8 games against your opponent's 6 to snatch a set victory. Some draws go as high as "12-10" or even more.
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Learn to recognize when a match is won (or lost). Depending on the league you play in, you need to win either three out of five sets or two out of three sets. Just like with games and sets, you have to get ahead of your opponent with a double gap. This means matches can sometimes go five out of seven sets, or even seven out of nine if you and your opponent stay close on points.
Know how to record the score after a match. You need to write the score of each set on a special card. You should always write your score first. For example, if you win a match, your membership card should look like this:
- 6-3, 4-6, 6-2. This means you won the first set 6-3; then lost the second set 4-6 and won the third set 6-2.
Part 2
Understanding terminology-
Understand what the term "all" means in tennis."All" essentially means "both" in tennis jargon. If you and your opponent both win by one ball, resulting in a score of "15-15", you can declare: "15-all". The same goes for sets. If you both win in three sets, then say it like this: "3-all" before you start serving.
Find out what "love" means. And no, we are not talking about romantic or even platonic love. In tennis, the word "love" corresponds to zero in the score. For example:
- When you didn’t score a single point during your serve, and your opponent won two balls, then this situation can be called: “love-30”.
- The same goes for games. If you have won three games, and your opponent has not won any, then you need to say: "3-love".
- At the very beginning of the game, when neither of you has scored a single point, you will be told: "love-all" (which is a great wish before the start of the game).
Expert answer
Where did the tennis scoring system come from?
Professional tennis player and writer
Peter Fryer is a coach and tennis writer from Derry, Northern Ireland. Shortly after graduation, he became a professional tennis coach and taught tennis for over 13 years. He has been running a tennis blog Love Tennis Blog since 2010, collaborating with the BBC and national media.
ADVICE OF THE SPECIALIST
Peter Fryer, professional tennis player, answers: It is believed that the counting system in this game has French origin. For scoring, the French used clock face, hence the numbers 15, 30, 40. 45 was not used, since this number is quite difficult to pronounce during the game. L'oeuf, which means "egg", was used for 0, which was converted to "love".
Know what the words "deuce" and "advantage" mean. In tennis, when two players reach a 40-40 tie in a match, it's called a "deuce". There are two possible ways to play this position: the person who wins the next draw wins, or plays on "advantage" (advantage of the serving tennis player in one draw, abbreviated "ad"). This means that the tennis player must win both the "deuce" draw and the one following it.
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Learn about the concepts of "ad-in" and "ad-out". When the server wins at "deuce", the score becomes "ad-in" (advantage-in, meaning the advantage of the server). If such a ball is won by the receiver, the score is called "ad-out". If one of the opponents wins the "deuce" draw, but does not succeed further with "ad", then the score returns to the "deuce" value again.
- For example, when you serve, you both won four balls (reaching an equal score of 40-40, that is, “deuce”), then you need to serve again. Let's say you win a "deuce" draw and make an "ad-in" score. If you win the next draw, you will win the match. If you lose the ball, then the score will return to equal “deuce”, and your opponent will have a chance to beat you and get an “ad-out”. At the same time, when your opponent loses "ad-out", everything goes back to "deuce" ... and so on.
- It makes sense to discuss the scoring rules with a playmate for the first time. Some tennis players ask that the score be called after each ball is played. Others do not want to compete with standard scoring. For example, when someone plays with "no ad", it eliminates the need for a mandatory two-ball advantage, which will allow you to win immediately after reaching the "40-all" score.
- If you forget your score during a game, pay attention to which half of the court you are playing on. A count that ends in "all" refers to the right side.
- You don't have to keep score if you don't want to - sometimes you can just have some fun (jumping the ball back and forth between players) by playing a friendly match for fun.
Feel the difference between a game, a set and a match. Match is a term that refers to all playing time in tennis. It consists of winning three or five sets (depending on your class). Each set is played to a minimum of six winning games.
Learn how an individual game is calculated. Players serve one game at a time in turn. The winner, as a rule, is the player (or team, if you play in pairs) who has won four goals. Points are played in this way: one player serves and the other beats back; throwing the ball continues back and forth until one of the opponents hits swipe or hit the net. Keep in mind that seven or even more balls can be played in a game, for example, when the first tennis player earns three and the second four more. In this case, each ball won is added to the score of the athletes:
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Rules of the game of tennis in brief
Share with friends:Modern rules of the game of tennis, adopted in 2009
For brevity, it is referred to as the ITF. It is this governing body that sets the Rules.
What should be the "correct" tennis court
The dimensions of the rectangular area are firmly defined: for a single game - 23 meters 77 centimeters long, 8 meters 23 centimeters - width; pair competitions are held on the court, the width of which increases to 10 meters 97 centimeters.
Exactly in the middle, the court is divided by a net suspended on a cord or cable. Mounting height 10 meters seven centimeters.
The height of the mesh is fixed by a central taut strap. The belt and braid of the upper edge of the mesh can only be white.
All marking lines must be made in a contrasting color so that they are clearly visible. It should be noted that the color of the court is not regulated by the rules. The red courts of Roland Garros or the green grass of Wimbledonoa have the same right to exist.
The width of the marking lines ranges from 2.5 to 5 centimeters. Only the back line can be up to 10 centimeters wide.
Permanent accessories of the court
In the rules, spectators are classified as permanent fixtures of the court. And it is right! How to play without loyal fans?
Why did Andrew Murray win at Wimbledon? Because the whole United Kingdom was rooting for him, and members of the royal family, the Prime Minister of England, and celebrity friends were present in the audience stands.
In addition to the spectators on the court, there must be a wide variety of items:
Side and rear railings. They just put billboards on them.
Referee tower and judge on it, on the lines, at the net and near the serving player.
Spectator stands equipped with seats for spectators.
To play tennis, in addition to the court, you need balls and rackets.
The ball rules are set out in Appendix 1. The choice of balls for the tournament is decided by the competition organizers, who must announce in advance the number of balls for the match and the order in which they will be changed.
If it becomes less elastic during the point, then the point is not replayed. If during the game the ball burst, then replay is possible. In general, tournament balls are selected from a list given in an official ITF document.
- the main weapon of a tennis player
Requirements for rackets are set out in Appendix 2 of the current Rules.
Only one set of strings is used to create the striking surface of the racket.
Stretch in only one plane.
Can be placed on racket strings, but not in string weave areas.
A player can only use one racket at a time.
Any source of additional energy built into the racquet that affects performance is prohibited.
Otherwise, players are free to use rackets of any manufacturer. By the way, for extra-class players, rackets are created on an individual order, taking into account the anatomical features and features of the game of each athlete.
How to score in tennis
In tennis, a special system is used to keep score. The game of ball with rackets officially appeared in the UK, therefore, it retains the scoring system adopted in this country.
The main goal of a match between two tennis players or two pairs of players is the task of throwing the ball to the opponent's side in such a way that the opponent cannot beat him over the net. just divides the court in half.
Tennis uses a three-tier scoring system.
The match is divided into sets, that is, parties.
Each set is in turn divided into games.
There is a scoring within the game.
Every game starts with a serve. The right to serve is constantly transferred from one player to another. Moreover, the serving player can replay the serve once, if for the first time the ball from his strike hit the line of delivery or hit the net.
The second unsuccessful serve is already counted in favor of the opponent. The serving player is behind the back and near the center line, that is, the markings dividing the court lengthwise into two equal parts.
The first serve must be carried out from a position to the right of the center line. The player then moves from the center to the other side. Therefore, the ball, when served, is directed to the diagonally opposite corner of the opponent's field.
What is game
Translated into Russian "game" - just a game! At the beginning of the game, the score is zero. Won serve - 15 points, lost - the same 15 points, but the opponent. The second serve gives another 15, and the third gives 10.
If one player has 40 points and the other has 30 or less, then the next successful draw leads the player to win the game.
If the score is 40-40, then a successful next serve gives an advantage. The player with the advantage wins the game if his next serve is a winning one.
How many games in a set
Scoring in a set goes up to 6 wins. However, if the score is 6-5, then another game cannot be avoided, with a score of 7-5, the set ends, and with a score of 6-6, the dispute is resolved in a tie-break.
Tie-break - a game that resolves a dispute
The game in this case will last until the moment when the advantage of two points is obtained. The serving player is the first to make one serve, while the opponent has the right to two.
The change in the tie-break occurs after two innings, the first tennis player to score 7, with a difference of 2 points, is the winner. Tie-break courts change after 6 points scored.
And the very last set of the match is played without a tie-break.
Features of a tennis match
Matches can consist of three sets or five. In the first case, the player who wins two sets wins, and in the second - three.
Lines on the court are extremely important. The serving player who steps behind the back line commits a violation: plays on another field. Line on tennis court considered a field.
During the serve, the ball can only be hit after it bounces off the court, but during the game, the balls are also hit in flight. A ball that hits a player does not count.
A tennis player must also not touch the net or rack with his body or racket and hit the ball behind the net line, that is, on the opponent's field.
Why does scoring start at 15?
The traditional English tennis scoring system is rumored to have French roots. In medieval French monasteries, such a calculation was "tied" to the division of the day into 24 hours.
The monks, probably, every now and then glanced at the dial of the clock on the tower, so as not to miss the time for prayer or a meal. The game could be played up to a maximum of 60 points - full circle dial. A quarter of an hour is 15 minutes, that is, points.
Over time, the number of games in the set was reduced to 6, and the uncomfortable and not very nice-sounding numeral "45" was replaced by a short and elegant "40". So now they think: 15-30-40!
Tennis match statistics are a source of valuable information
Statistics, in general, is a serious and important science. However, behind the forest of figures, numbers and incomprehensible terms, it is often difficult to see the truth.
In order to understand in a couple of minutes of looking at the statistics, due to what one player defeated another in this particular match, it is necessary to understand the specifics of tennis rules and terminology.
What is ace and why should they be counted?
Ace tennis players call the pitch, but not any, but the one that went right through. A large number of points received from aces testify to the quality of the game.
There are two options here: either the serving player is a virtuoso of the "cannon" serve, which cannot be "taken", or the receiving player is not in the best shape.
Double faults in the game
This term refers to a situation where a player, having made an unsuccessful serve, makes a mistake a second time. In this case, a double fault is declared, and the player loses a point.
A large number of double faults indicates the state of the player, at least speaks of his excitement.
Two types of errors: forced and unforced
Forced mistakes are made because the opponent's blow was too good. Such errors are considered "good".
Unforced errors are considered "bad" because they are made by the player at the moment of full possession of the ball.
By the way, the speed indicators of the court affect the number of unforced errors, because relatively slow surfaces give more time to prepare a hit, and allow you to get to the right point in time. A tennis player “risks” less, and therefore makes fewer mistakes.
Although different kinds unforced errors are different. It's one thing when a player gives a point to an opponent without a fight, it's another thing if even the most offensive "blunders" happen after a series of excellent shots.
Maybe the tennis player was out of breath at that moment after actively running back and forth across the court, and this is what affected the stroke, and not the general class of the player.
In general, it can be said that everything that a player loses is automatically considered either an opponent's winner or an unforced error.
Therefore, statistics on the number of draws, winners and unforced errors give a fairly complete picture of the course of the match.
The role of referees on the court
The chief referee on the court is considered the highest authority for resolving all contentious issues. His decision is non-negotiable and final.
The referee on the platform decides questions concerning everything that actually happened on the court during the match. If the players do not agree with the decision of the referee on the tower, they have the right to call the chief referee.
Line judges and net judges monitor the events taking place in these areas, they decide on a step or touch on the net. The decisions of these referees are controlled by the referee on the platform.
The head referee or the referee on the platform has the right to interrupt the game due to poor visibility, inappropriate weather or unsatisfactory court conditions.
They also monitor the observance of the Code of Conduct for Players, the continuity of the game and determine the need for electronic review of the controversial moment of the game.
Set of regulations governing the game of tennis.
The game of tennis is played between two players or two pairs of players. The goal of the game is to throw the ball to the opponent's half so that he cannot return it.
Submission (eng. "service")
Putting the ball into play.
Each point draw begins with a serve. At the same time, the server must be behind the back line of the court and strike so that the ball flies over the net without hitting it and hits one of the two serving squares on the opponent’s court.
The first serve is always to the right of the center line. After each point, the serving player moves to the other side of the center line.
The serving player is given two attempts to complete the serve (first and second serve).
If the ball touches the net but flies over to the opponent's side, the serve is replayed. If the ball hits over the service area line or into the net, the player is entitled to a second serve. If it also fails, the server is given a double fault and loses the point.
It is also considered a mistake to step / step (eng. "footfault") - a change during the service starting position the server in a step or run, or touching the ground or running with his foot outside the service zone.
Account (eng. "game score")
The score in tennis is kept according to an unusual system - the 1st point won is estimated from the number "15", the 2nd - by the number "30", the 3rd - by the number "40" and the 4th (decisive) - by the term game.
The score is kept “from the server”: for example, the score “15:0” means that the server himself won the first serve, and “0:15” - the receiver.
If each player wins 3 points in the game, the referee announces the score "exactly" and not "40:40". A win by the server of the next point is declared "over" and a loss is declared "under". In the case of equalizing the score after "over" or "under", the score is again declared "exactly". In the case when the score is "exactly" it is no longer important in itself the number of points scored by the players, but the difference in the score. The game goes on until the advantage of one of the opponents is two points, i.e. scoring one more point with "over" means winning the game.
Point
The initial unit of the account, which begins with the number "15".
4 points scored in a row allow you to win the game. When playing with varying success, an advantage of 2 points is required to win the game.
Game (English "game", in translation from English "game")
A unit of account of a higher order than a point.
The game involves drawing at least 4 points (balls). Each game starts with a score of 0-0. If the server wins the serve, the score becomes 15-0 in favor of the server, if it loses 0-15 in favor of the receiver. The next serve results in a score of 30, then 40. The next play wins the game if the opponent has a score of 30 or less. If both players have 40, then winning the next serve has an advantage. The player with the advantage who wins the next pitch wins the game.
Set (English "set", in translation from English. "Party")
A unit of account of a higher order than the game.
It involves winning at least 6 games with a margin of at least 2 games. The player who wins 6 games is considered to have won the set. If the score in the set is 6-5, then another game is played. If the score becomes 7-5, the set ends. If the score becomes 6-6, then a tie-break is played.
Tie-break
The so-called short game, where the score is not kept in the usual accepted order, but by scoring points for the balls won.
It can be played in any set (with the score of games in the set 6:6).
The serving player makes the first serve, then the opponent makes two serves, then the change goes through two serves. The first one to score 7 points with a difference of 2 points is considered the winner of the tie-break. The tie-break lasts as long as necessary until a difference of two points is reached. The courts change after every 6 points.
The inventor of the tie-break is the American specialist James Van Alen (1903-1991). In 1970, the ITF first allowed the use of the tie-break system in competition as an experiment. In 1971, the tie-break was first used at the Wimbledon tournament, and in 1975 it was included in the official rules of world tennis.
Match
A certain number of sets (3 or 5) played to determine the winner.
A match can be 3-set or 5-set. In a 3-set, the player who wins 2 sets wins, in a 5-set - 3 sets.
To win a match in doubles, you need to win two games out of three. In most singles events, the same rule applies, but in the most prestigious tournaments, such as the Grand Slam tournaments or the Davis Cup, you need to win three games out of five to win the match.
Other rules
The line is considered a field.
In addition to serving, the ball that touches the net and falls on the side of the opponent is counted.
The serve must be returned only after the ball has bounced, while during the game the ball can be returned before it touches the surface of the court.
A point is not scored if the ball touches the body, is batted before it crosses the net line, or if the player touches the net or net post with the racket, hand or other part of the body.
Tennis, by definition, is the game of gentlemen. Nevertheless, the tennis rules provide for disqualification of an athlete not only for non-compliance with the rules or failure to appear at the match, but also for unethical behavior during the competition that violates the gentlemanly principle of “fair play” (English “fair play” - lit. “play by the rules”) . Sometimes judges have to apply this paragraph of the rules in practice. So, the legendary American tennis player John McEnroe, famous not only for his powerful serves, but also for his extreme intemperance on the court, managed to "earn" disqualification twice in Grand Slam tournaments.