In conditions ski trip a tourist stays in the purest frosty air for a long time. Uniform muscle load, smooth gliding, the beauty of winter nature, a quick change of impressions, communication with a group of tourists - all this gives a great charge of positive emotions.
A tourist-skier is actively involved in the work of the muscles of the arms, legs, abdomen, back. That's why ski trips- an excellent means of general physical training, which will help improve health, become stronger, more resilient, hardened.
With good gliding, even a novice skier can go at a speed of 6 - 8 km / h without much difficulty.
However, it should be borne in mind that weekend ski trips are different from the usual ski trip, and preparation for them should be more thorough. In conditions winter hike tourists are exposed to low temperatures for quite a long time (6 - 8 hours). The path of the group also passes through open, unprotected forest areas in strong winds, along virgin snow. On the way you can meet bushes, rough terrain, forest blockages, snowdrifts. With all this in mind, you should choose travel equipment and equipment.

We select and prepare skis for a trip

The main requirement for skis is strength and lightness. In the conditions of one-day trips, if the route also passes through flat or slightly rugged terrain and dense snow, they are better suited touring skis with rigid bindings, with a shackle that presses the welt of the boots to the metal pins. For forest routes and when driving on rugged terrain, on loose snow and off-road, it is better to have “Tourist” type skis, they are slightly wider than walking ones, much stronger and do not sink deep in fresh snow. To make it easy for the skier to control his movement in the forest and on rough terrain, the skis should not be too long.
Bindings are chosen depending on the conditions of the hike and the type of skis. On ordinary walking skis, it is better to put rigid welt bindings. They are lightweight, comfortable and reliable. For multi-day difficult hikes, welted hard bindings are not suitable. On these routes, use semi-rigid universal mounts with metal springs. The welt of the boot in such bindings is fixed in the cheeks. Such bindings allow you to go hiking in almost any footwear: ski boots, work boots, hiking boots, felt boots. To prevent snow from sticking under the heel of the boot, rubber pads are nailed to the ski cargo area, preferably from microporous rubber 2-3 mm thick.
ski poles better from duralumin tubes of the "Moscow" type.
Before hiking, skis must be tarred with a special resin. Tartting protects skis from swelling under the influence of moisture, strengthens wood, improves the bond between waxes and skis.
In case of breakage of skis, bindings, poles, you need to learn how to repair them. To do this, the group must have repair tool kit, materials, spare parts: pliers, screwdriver, file, awl, light hammer, scissors, kit ski binding, rings for sticks, a spare ski, plywood, aluminum, tin plates for linings, copper and steel wire, nails, screws, keeper tape.

When going skiing, remember that snow and low temperatures will await you, so the equipment must be appropriate and provide you with warmth and protection from hypothermia.
Take felt boots with you, they will be needed for those who will be engaged in kitchen and campfire work, and will help out in case of damage to ski boots. They must match big size legs of a tourist from your group. Ski wax kits, paraffin wax, boot grease, and spare bindings may come in handy. It would also be nice to take a pair of spare skis with you.

For more complex hikes, you need to have with you double layer tent and a portable stove.
Before the hike itself, the backpack, tent and clothing of all participants must be treated with a water-repellent agent, this will provide protection from dirt and water.

The day regimen of skiers on a hike depends on the age contingent, that is, if children participate in the hike, it is imperative to adjust the duration of the distance, and most likely in this case you will need a little more time to set up camp and carry out morning preparations. At low temperatures, it will be necessary to go on the route at about 10 am, and shorten the time for small halts.

When moving on a ready track, the overall pace of the group is determined based on the speed of the slowest skier, i.e. most likely a child. Sharp jerks in movement should be avoided, because periodic cooling and overheating of the body can be hazardous to health. Indeed, on the track there will not always be conditions for changing and drying sweat-soaked clothes. When driving on virgin snow, the group pace is determined based on the total speed of laying the track.

If there are children on the hike, then the most suitable option for laying a ski track will be as follows: a team of strong tourists stands out, which makes the track, and after it all the other participants of the hike go.

There is a second option, which is an alternate movement, that is, while one group is resting, the other is laying the ski track, and then the rested participants go to overtake, and the hardworking ones remain on rest, this option is suitable in cases where the strength and preparation in the group as a whole the same. Although with clear planning it can be done with children.

The order of movement during the descents should, above all, ensure the safety of the group, and be sure to take into account the capabilities of each skier. Here the leader of the group should be responsible for everything. Descents should be carried out only in those places where safety from avalanches is guaranteed.

With a sharp warming and cooling, you should also not move downhill, as well as in the first couple of days after a blizzard, snowfall or rain.

You should stay away from frozen reservoirs with a thin ice cover, as well as from those places where flowing water flows or flows from. With blows of sticks it will be necessary to investigate such an area.

If you are going to ski trip, then remember that snow and low air temperatures are waiting for you. Therefore, the equipment must provide you with warmth and protection from hypothermia.

Preparing for a ski trip

Be sure to take 1-3 pairs of boots with you, depending on the number of people in the group. Felt boots will be needed for cooking and campfire work at a halt, as well as spare shoes in case of damage to ski boots. Their size should be calculated on the largest foot in the group.

Have a set of ski lubricants, paraffin wax for all types of winter weather (including for thaws), corks for rubbing them, grease for impregnating shoes and spare bindings. It is also recommended to take one or two spare skis with you.

For more difficult ski trips, you need a special (two-layer) tent and a portable stove.

Before hiking, treat your backpack, tent, clothes, shoes with water-repellent agents to protect them from dirt and water. If the route passes through places where there are a lot of blood-sucking insects, then soak the tent and clothes with repellents.

Shoes are impregnated with grease and, if necessary, stretched along the leg. To do this, you need to hold the shoes for ten minutes in hot water (50-55 degrees). Having taken the shoes out of the water, they put insoles into them and put them on their feet hot (on one or two pairs of thick woolen socks). After walking in boots for an hour or two, they are removed, stuffed with paper and smeared. Impregnation of shoes is carried out with slight heating.

For a ski trip, tourists must have the following:

Personal equipment:

Jacket insulated synthetic winterizer (2 or 3 layers)

Pants (light, windproof, durable), insulated pants.

ski cap

Balaclava

Sweater (wool, polar)

Turtleneck or vest (woolen) - 2 pcs

thermal underwear

Tourist boots (hard sole, toe and heel, soak with cream)

Woolen, cotton socks for 3-4 pairs.

Windproof mask, handkerchief.

Ski boots with felt insoles. Two sizes larger than regular shoes.

"Flashlights" to protect boots.

Gloves, mittens.

Thermos 0.5-1 liter.

Toiletries.

A bowl, spoon, mug (see "Dishes for a hike").

Skis, poles.

Backpack, sleeping bag (temperature "Extreme" up to minus 20-30 degrees).

Personal repair kit (needles, threads).

electric flashlight

Group equipment:

special tent

Lightweight portable stove

Saw, axes, shovels, cooking utensils, bucket (or pots), ladle, rope

Ropes, candles, matches (in hermetic packaging), dry fuel.

Keep a stock of repair kits for repairing breakdowns!

Daily routine, movement specifics

The daily routine of a skier on a hike depends on the length of daylight hours, frost and the need to spend more time setting up camp and getting ready in the morning (unlike hiking). At low temperatures, it is recommended to go on the route no earlier than 9-10 am, and also to reduce small halts.

When moving along a finished track, the overall pace is determined by the speed of the slowest skier. Remember to avoid sudden jerks. Periodic overheating and cooling in the cold is dangerous to health. And on the route there will not always be conditions to change and dry clothes soaked with sweat. When moving on virgin snow, the pace of the group is determined by the speed of laying the track.

There are several options for laying ski tracks. In a large group, it is advisable to single out a team of strong tourists for skiing. Or organize a turnaround. While one group is resting, the other is building a ski track. And then rested tourists overtake comrades, and they stop to rest.

In areas with deep snow and heavy backpacks, alternate tracking without backpacks is used. And having broken the ski track, the tourist misses the group, returns for a backpack and catches up with his comrades.

The order of movement on ski slope must ensure the safety of the group and take into account the capabilities of each skier. The sequence of descent, the path is determined by the leader.

Keep in mind that descents should be carried out only in places where there is a full guarantee of avalanche safety.

A feature of the movement in a ski trip is that the path can be laid directly through frozen swamps and ponds. But if possible, you need to use a ready-made passing ski track or toboggan run. You can move along clearings, woodlands and riverbeds. It is easier to go where the snow is less deep.

Attention! Avalanche danger and thin ice.

In winter, the avalanche danger increases. Do not plan crossings over concave landforms - snow craters, avalanche flumes, under ridges with overhanging eaves and where there is a lot of snow in an unstable state.

It is also forbidden to start moving in an avalanche-prone area with a sharp warming or cooling, a drop in pressure, during and in the first two days after a snowfall, snowstorm, rain.

Avoid crossing the slope, its longitudinal recesses. Move in the flood zone with top speed. Take care of the most dangerous areas. Avoid sudden turns and falls.

Stay away from areas on water bodies with thin ice where flowing water flows into or out of a lake or river. Conduct reconnaissance of an unknown reservoir, determine its reliability for the movement of the group by hitting sticks on ice.

Meals on a ski trip.

Ski trips burn more calories than hiking. Since low temperatures, strong winds, snow and overcoming obstacles require a lot of strength and energy from the skier. Therefore, the diet of a tourist-skier should be high-calorie, the correct ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the variety of foods, their vitamin saturation and the possibility of eating some foods without cooking are especially important. Products should replenish the tourist's energy costs from 3500 to 6000 kcal, depending on the complexity of the trip.

Where can you go skiing in winter?

In the Southern Urals, skiers are especially fond of winter trips to Taganay and Iremel, Zyuratkul and the Beloretsk region.

To participate in a ski trip, you need to prepare well. This training should provide reliable protection against exposure to hazardous environmental factors. These factors include short daylight hours, low air temperature, deep snow, snowfall, blizzard, piercing wind (Scheme 15).

The main thing in preparing for ski trips is systematic training. These workouts improve health, increase endurance, harden the body. They help the skier to learn how to choose the right clothes and skis, evaluate and distribute their strength.

Scheme 15
Dangerous factors affecting the participant of the ski trip

Clothing and shoes for hiking should be light, warm, waterproof and not restrict movement. Usually this is an undershirt made of woolen fabric, a tight-knit sweater, a windbreaker (a jacket with a hood and trousers), mittens and a woolen hat. Ski boots must have a felt insole and allow plain and woolen socks to be worn at the same time.

Skis for a hike need tourist. They are somewhat wider and shorter than running ones.

Tourists select individual and group equipment depending on the specific conditions of the trip. The group equipment may include a camping stove and fuel (for example, dry alcohol).

The speed of skiers usually does not exceed 3-4 km / h. A tourist who is able to withstand a given pace of movement is the first to go along the laid ski track. The strongest skiers go ahead on the virgin lands, replacing each other. The distance between tourists in clear weather should be 8-10 m, and in limited visibility - about 4 m.

Remember: special care must be taken when driving through a river, lake, stream, swamp.

water trips

Water trips are one of the most difficult types of tourism. They require high discipline and diligence from the participants, special knowledge, skills and abilities.

Most often for water tourism use light rowing vessels: kayaks, catamarans, inflatable boats.

During the hike, you must follow the safety rules:

• documents and money should be placed in a waterproof bag, which you should keep with you;
• matches, dry alcohol should be stored in plastic or metal containers with tightly screwed lids;
• tents, bedding, spare clothes and linen, food should be in plastic bags;
• life buoys must be ready for use, and life jackets must be worn by the hikers;
• when landing, it is not allowed to jump into the boat, you must enter it from the stern and immediately take your place;
• on the route, the boat must be at a distance of visual and voice communication from boats moving ahead and behind;
• when moving, silence should be observed: any cry on the water should mean only one thing - “We are in distress!”;
• a place to stay overnight or a large halt must comply with the basic requirements specified in § 11; the shore should be convenient for mooring and disembarking.

  Remember: you should not camp on the island - the water can rise and flood it.

Bicycle trips

For cycling trips wise choice of roads local importance with asphalt or gravel-sand coating.

The structure of the tourist group, as a rule, includes 4-6 people. All must be at least 14 years of age. Every cyclist must know and follow the Rules traffic It is good to be able to ride a bicycle and keep it in good condition. It is very important to have security measures. This is a head protection helmet, knee pads and gloves.

For cycling tourism suitable for road and sports bikes. Moreover, it is better to use sports on paved roads (concrete and asphalt).

Cyclist clothing should be appropriate for the season and comfortable for cycling. In case of cold weather, you should have a wool sweater, wool socks, gloves and a windbreaker.

As part of group equipment, except for things necessary in any tourist trip, there should be a bicycle repair kit (wrenches, screwdrivers, rubber, glue, spare parts).

The speed of tourists on the route is usually 10-12 km/h. Tight turns, especially on slopes, should be driven at low speed. It is better to overcome long climbs on foot, and to drive a bicycle nearby. The route must be completed 1-2 hours before dark.

Remember: move to if necessary dark time day or in case of poor visibility (fog, haze) you need to get off the bike and walk like a pedestrian.

Questions and tasks

1. Name the dangerous environmental factors that can affect a skier.
2. What is the importance of training in preparing for ski trips?
3. Look at the picture and choose the clothes and shoes that are suitable for the ski trip.
4. What is the difference between touring skiing and cross country skiing?
5. What are the most dangerous places for skiers?
6. Why, in your opinion, water trips are the most difficult and dangerous view tourism?
7. Name the most important, from your point of view, water tourism safety rules.
8. Which roads are the most suitable for water tourism?
9. What safety equipment should a cyclist have?
10. Why do you think the speed of cyclists on the route should be approximately 10-12 km/h?
11. How should cyclists move at night and in poor visibility?

Ski tourism is expeditions lasting several days and weeks, rest on fashionable ski resorts and bases, comfortable walks along prepared trails. The development of this is experiencing a real boom in recent years.

People of various professions: engineers, doctors, builders, business leaders, ordinary employees are passionately fascinated by the romance of ski tourism. They are drawn to the conquest of new tracks and peaks, they love to overcome obstacles. Also, it's healthy strong people, after all winter views sports have an exclusively healing effect.

Tourists often visit such routes:

• Khibiny mountains in the Murmansk region;
• Ural, with its alpine landforms;
• Western and Eastern Siberia (landscapes of the Ob-Tom interfluve, the Kuznetsk Alatau ridge, the picturesque Salair ridge, the Western and Eastern Sayans, the Vasyugan plateau, the Khamar-Daban mountain range, the Trans-Baikal ridge Kodar, Baikal);
• Crimean ski centers (Ai-Petri, Angarsk pass, surroundings of the Marble Cave);
• Sochi facilities (Krasnaya Polyana, RosaKhutor);
• Caucasian Dombay.

The expansion of the route geography makes the participants of the trips think. After all, those who are not afraid of many kilometers of travel through the harsh taiga, frozen riverbeds and lakes, spending the night in tents, heavy on their shoulders - everything that requires endurance, hardening and great responsibility for themselves and their comrades - choose extreme travel. It is worth recalling the famous expedition to the North Pole by Matvey Shparo and Boris Smolin in 2007-2008. Skiers have set a world Arctic record by covering more than a thousand kilometers in 84 days in polar night conditions.

The ski trip to Valaam remains unique, which, with the end of summer navigation, becomes inaccessible to mass visits. In winter, it can be reached by hovercraft. To see the main sights of the island, you will have to stand on and make your way along the island to Orthodox churches and monasteries.

Baikal is a favorite place for most tourists. In winter there are more opportunities for active rest than in summer. You can make a long trip on skis both on the ground and on frozen ice lakes. Best time for him - from February to April. During this period, the winds blow away a layer of snow from the surface of the reservoir, and it remains perfectly smooth and transparent to the very bottom.

For those who do not want to get out for long distances, there are attractive routes in middle lane In Russia, for example, skiing in the Moscow region, away from settlements and roads: in the vicinity of Abramtsevo, Zvenigorod, Radonezh, the Sherna River.

Features of equipment for ski touring

When choosing equipment, it is worth considering the following factors:

1. Cold. You need to take care of ensuring the thermal regime.
2. Short daylight hours. In case of insufficient illumination, additional light sources (light bulbs, flashlights, candles) should be enough.
3. Precipitation. It should be possible to change wet clothes, that is, they should not get wet.
4. Blinding snow. To avoid inflammation of the eyes, you need to have sunglasses with you.

Clothing skier-tourist

Mandatory equipment: ski hat, balaclava, earmuffs, wind mask, 2-3 pairs of gloves. The down jacket and trousers should be insulated - for example, with synthetic winterizer. Comfortable clothing is overalls.

Most items must be wool, even a change of underwear. Thermal underwear for outdoor activities will become indispensable in harsh conditions.

Hiking ski shoes

Depending on the type of fastening are selected ski boots. Shoes are given due attention: shoes should be pre-stretched and rubbed with a special cream (silicone). Snow boot covers are pulled over winter boots. To save from the cold, take thermal socks with you.

Personal equipment of a skier-tourist

An important component of ski tourism in Russia is special ones, which are narrower than hunting and wider than for running. Ski are equipped with rings.

Standard hard hikes of increased complexity - when falling, the soles of the boots break because of them. On long-distance routes, specific (often cable) mounts are used.

If the trip is planned in a wooded area, you can’t do without a tent, a road stove. In flat places - you will have to purchase a special tent of the "hemisphere" or "barrel" type.

The equipment should include an individual or group sleeping bag, insulated with down or synthetic winterizer filler, capable of retaining heat in forty-degree frost.

Sleigh sleds, a hammock net for a fire, felt boots, “in reserve”, ointment for lubricating them, batteries, and a camping repair kit will not interfere.

Ski trip tactics

What is planned to organize during the trip:

1. Route selection.
2. Day trip plan.
3. Plan for overcoming obstacles.

When choosing a route, you need to take into account the presence of settlements along the way, decide from which base place the group will leave, one or several.

Weight loads directly depend on the type of route and its distance. Tourists who bypass the settlements have the heaviest loads. In this case, food and all items will have to be carried with you.

Directly on the route, a plan for the day's transition is being developed. Every day, the movement schedule and daily routine are thought out, taking into account the overcoming of obstacles and the place of halt, the topography and weather forecast, the speed of movement of the members of the campaign.

Seeing an obstacle, it is worthwhile to soberly develop a plan for solving the problem. Assessing the situation, you need to find out: to deal with an obstacle or bypass it. If the second option is chosen, the reasons for changing the route should be indicated.

Orienteering rules in ski tourism

In winter, landmarks are hidden under the snow. Do not rely on the movement of the sun or determine the cardinal points by external signs. It is better to trust the map and compass. You need to move in azimuth, and calculate the distance traveled by speed and time.

A tourist map must contain data on the relief and vegetation cover (presence or absence of forests) of the area, road, hydrographic networks, settlements, and the location of rescue bases. Skiers should carefully study the condition of the roads, the presence of passes in the mountain range in relation to the available landmarks, rocky faults, streams, slopes.

Additionally, they take district maps.

To determine the standing point, check the map with the terrain and identify visible landmarks. In the foothills of the tundra, the standing point is found by resection: the azimuth is sighted on 2 landmarks of the area indicated on the map (for example, the tops of the mountains), the sighting lines are plotted on the map and in the place where they intersect, they indicate the standing point.

Safety rules in ski tourism

A solo ski trip must be without risky areas

The itinerary must match the qualifications of the traveler. Violation of safety rules can cause injuries from which no tourist is insured. Avalanche danger, difficult terrain, the human factor threaten the life and health of all participants in the campaign. According to statistics, the death of 80% of skiers is due to an avalanche; in 11% of cases people freeze; in 7% they fall from a height; Disease is the cause of death in 2%.

Features of safe behavior:

1. When moving over rough terrain, you need to keep your distance during downhill skiing.
2. It is reasonable to evaluate your own capabilities when performing elements of the movement.
3. When moving on frozen water bodies, follow the paved paths.
4. It is better to go through avalanche-prone places in the morning, when the snow is bound by frost.
5. In order not to lose orientation during a snowstorm, fog, snowstorm, check the map more often, but it is better to stop and set up a temporary camp. The path should continue after the weather improves.
6. The backpack should contain a first aid kit.

Benefits of ski tourism

Those who are addicted ski trips and hikes, they note an improvement in health: the heart muscle is strengthened, the body becomes more slender, problems with the spine disappear, stress and fatigue are relieved, the mood rises.

Alpine tourism deserves separate words - this is a sport that involves skiing from the slopes of the mountains not only on skis, but also on a snowboard - a specially equipped board. You can get on at any time of the year. At the service of those who wish - experienced and equipment that is not necessary to bring with you: you can rent it at each resort.

Everyone chooses a track for themselves depending on the difficulty: “green”, “blue”, “red” or “black”. Ski trips require participants to have preliminary and certain skills in skiing and routes.

Organization of a ski trip and the reasons for their popularity

Before the start of the trip, they master and hone technical skills, develop physical and moral qualities. It is necessary to develop a route, draw up the necessary documentation, organize financing, and solve problems with transport. Everything should be thought out to the smallest detail: from the idea of ​​travel to moving to the place of departure.

If this is a weekend walk, you can prepare for it in a week. "March-throw", designed for many days, is planned for 2-3 months. The team leader develops a training schedule that outlines all the required activities and the scheduled deadlines. The chart indicates:

• number of participants;
• the purpose of the trip;
• route;
• topographic documents, route data;
• start and end time of the trip;
• travel schedule;
• alternate route options (for example, in case of an accident);
• weather forecast;.
• list of equipment, repair kit and first-aid kit;
• list of provisions;
• cost estimate;
• distribution of assignments among group members.

Explain the fascination with the Russians skiing It is possible that most of the country remains under snow cover for a long time. Since Soviet times, they have acted ski resorts and training camps where children and adults played sports. And now people love outdoor activities.