Article navigation:

The muscles of this tract lie under the lateral and consist of separate bundles that go obliquely from the transverse processes of the underlying vertebrae to the spinous processes of the overlying ones, which is why they receive the common name m. transversospinalis. The more superficial the muscles, the steeper and longer the course of their fibers and the more more vertebrae they are thrown. Accordingly, they distinguish: the surface layer, m. semispinalis, semispinalis muscle, its bundles are thrown over 5-6 vertebrae; middle layer, mm. multifidi, multifidus muscles, their bundles are thrown over 3-4 vertebrae, and a deep layer, mm. rotatores, rotators, they pass through one vertebra or to the next one.

The medial tract also includes muscle bundles located between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae - mm. interspinals, interspinous muscles, which are expressed only in the most mobile sections spinal column- in the cervical and lumbar. In the most mobile place of the spinal column in its joint with the occipital bone, m. transversospinalis reaches a special development; here it consists of 4 paired muscles - two oblique and two straight, which are located under m. semispinalis and m. longissimus. The oblique muscles are divided into upper and lower. Upper m. obliquus capitis superior, goes from the transverse process of the atlas to the linea nuchae inferior. Lower, m. obliquus capitis inferior, goes from the spinous process of the II cervical vertebra to the transverse process of the I cervical.

The rectus muscles are divided into large and small.

Big, m. rectus capitis posterior major, goes from the spinous process of the II cervical vertebra to linea nuchae inferior. Small, m. rectus capitis posterior minor, goes to the same line from tuberculum posterius I of the cervical vertebra. With a unilateral contraction, they participate in the corresponding turns of the head, and with a bilateral contraction, they pull it back.

The function of the autochthonous muscles of the back in their entirety is that these muscles straighten the body. When contracted on one side, simultaneously with the flexors of the same side, these muscles tilt the spinal column and, along with it, the body to their side. Oblique bundles of autochthonous muscles, rotatores, multifidi, produce rotation of the spinal column. The upper sections of the muscles closest to the skull are involved in the movements of the head. Deep dorsal muscles are also involved in respiratory movements. Bottom part m. iliocostalis lowers its ribs, while top part lifts them. It should be noted that m. erector spinae contracts not only when the spine is extended, but also when the torso is flexed, providing smooth movement. Innervation - the posterior branches of the spinal nerves, respectively nn. cervicales, thoracici and lumbales.

1. M. pectineus, comb muscle, starting from the superior branch and crest of the pubic bone and from the lig. pubicum superius, goes down and somewhat sideways and attaches to linea pectinea femur. With its lateral edge, the comb muscle is in contact with m. iliopsoas.
Both of these muscles, converging with each other, form a triangular fossa, fossa iliopectinea, in which the femoral vessels are placed immediately upon their exit from the pelvis. (Inn. L2-3, Nn. obturatorius et femoralis.)

2. M. adductor longus, long adductor muscle, originates on the anterior surface of the superior branch of the pubic bone and is attached to the medial lip of the linea aspera femoris in its middle third. (Inn. L2-3, N. obturatorius.)

3. M. adductor brevis, short adductor muscle, lies under the previous muscles. It starts from the anterior surface of the pubic bone and is attached to the medial lip of the linea aspera femoris in the upper part. (Inn. L2-4, N. obturatorius.)

4. M. adductor magnus, large adductor muscle, the most powerful of all the adductor muscles. It lies farthest posteriorly and is covered anteriorly in its proximal part mm. adductores brevis et longus.
Starting from the branches of the pubic and ischial bones and from tuber ischiadicum, m. adductor magnus goes to the lateral side and is attached to the medial lip of the linea aspera femoris along its entire length to the medial condyle of the femur. The upper fibers of the muscle go from the pubic bone to the place of attachment almost transversely and are described separately under the name of the small adductor muscle, m. adductor minimus. (Inn. N. obturatorius and partly n. ischiadicus.)

5. M. gracilis, thin muscle, a long and narrow muscle band, passing superficially along the medial edge of the total mass of the adductor muscles. Its beginning is located on the lower branch of the pubic bone near the pubic symphysis. It attaches to the fascia of the lower leg in tuberositas tibiae. (Inn. L3-4, N. obturatorius.)

Function. All adductor muscles, according to their name, adduct the thigh by turning it slightly outward. Those that cross the transverse axis hip joint in front (mm. pectineus, adductor longus et brevis), can also produce flexion in this joint, a m. adductor magnus, located posterior to this axis, on the contrary, produces extension in it.
M. gracilis, as if thrown over two joints, in addition to adducting the thigh, also flexes the lower leg at the knee joint and turns it inwards.

The anterior rectus muscle of the head (m. Rectus capitis anterior) (Fig. 98) with bilateral contraction tilts the head forward, with unilateral contraction, tilts the head to its side. The muscle begins at the transverse process and the lateral mass of the 1st cervical vertebra, and is attached to the lower surface of the basilar occipital bone.

The lateral rectus muscle of the head (m. rectus capitis lateralis) (Fig. 98) with bilateral contraction tilts the head forward, and with unilateral contraction - to its side. The point of origin of the muscle is located on the transverse process of the 1st cervical vertebra, and the attachment point is on the lateral occipital bone.

The long muscle of the head (m. longus cspitis) (Fig. 97, 98) tilts the head and cervical region spine forward, and is also involved in the rotation of the head. The muscle begins at the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the III-VI cervical vertebrae and is attached to the lower surface of the main part of the occipital bone.

The long muscle of the neck (m. longus coli) (Fig. 97, 98, 100), contracting, tilts the neck to its side and forward. The muscle includes two parts: the upper (lateral) and the lower (medial). The starting point of the upper part is located on the transverse processes of the IV-VI cervical vertebrae, and the attachment point is on the anterior tubercle of the I cervical vertebra. The point of origin of the lower part is the bodies of the three upper thoracic vertebrae and the three lower cervical vertebrae, the point of attachment is the bodies of the II–IV cervical vertebrae and the transverse processes of the V–VII cervical vertebrae.

Lateral muscles

The anterior scalenus muscle (m. scalenus anterior) (Fig. 96, 98, 100, 105) with bilateral contraction tilts the cervical spine forward, and with unilateral contraction - to its side. With a fixed position of the spine, the muscle raises the 1st rib. The muscle starts from the anterior tubercles of the III-VI cervical vertebrae, the tubercle of the anterior scalene muscle of the 1st rib serves as the place of its attachment.

The middle scalenus muscle (m. scalenus medius) (Fig. 96, 98, 100, 105) tilts the neck forward during contraction, and when the neck is in a fixed position, raises the 1st rib. The point of origin of the muscle is located on the anterior tubercle of the six lower cervical vertebrae, and the place of attachment is on the upper surface of the 1st rib.

The posterior scalene muscle (m. Scalenus posterior) (Fig. 96, 98, 100) raises the II rib, in a fixed position chest flexes the cervical spine forward. The muscle begins on the posterior tubercles of the IV-VI cervical vertebrae and is attached to the outer surface of the II rib.

Fascia of the neck

The fascia of the neck (fascia cervicalis) (Fig. 99) consists of three plates and has a complex structure due to the large number of muscles and organs. The space between the fasciae of the neck and the organs of the neck is filled with adipose tissue and loose connective tissue.

Superficial plate (lamina superficialis) (Fig. 99, 100) is a continuation of the fascia of the chest and back. It forms a sheath for the submandibular gland and for the suprahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles of the neck. In the back of the neck, the fascia envelops the trapezius muscle, reaching the occiput and the superior nuchal line. Above the jugular notch of the sternum handle, a suprasternal interaponeurotic space (spatium interaponeuroticum suprasternale) is formed (Fig. 99, 100).

Rice. 99. Fascia of the neck (side view):

1 - chewing fascia; 2 - thyroid gland; 3 - fascia of the neck; 4 - sternocleidomastoid muscle; 5 - pretracheal plate; 6 - suprasternal interaponeurotic space; 7 - trapezius muscle; 8 - surface plate; 9 - subcutaneous muscle neck

Rice. 100. Muscles and fasciae of the neck (cross section):

1 - suprasternal interaponeurotic space; 2 - previsceral space; 3 - sternohyoid muscle; 4 - surface plate; 5 - sternothyroid muscle; 6 - pretracheal plate; 7 - trachea; 8 - scapular-hyoid muscle; 9 - subcutaneous muscle of the neck; 10 - esophagus; 11 - long muscle of the neck; 12 - sternocleidomastoid muscle; 13 - anterior scalene muscle; 14 - middle scalene muscle and posterior scalene muscle; 15 - semispinalis muscle of the back; 16 - muscle that raises the scapula; 17 - belt muscle of the head and belt muscle of the neck; 18 - trapezius muscle

The prevertebral plate (lamina prevertebralis) begins at the base of the skull, descending, covers the prevertebral muscles of the neck, and also passes to the scalene muscles. Between the prevertebral plate and the organs of the neck is the posterior visceral space (spatium retroviscerale).

Pretracheal plate (lamina pretrachealis) (Fig. 99, 100) begins in the region of the clavicle and the handle of the sternum and forms a sheath for the subhyoid muscles. Between the pretracheal plate and the organs of the neck is the previsceral space (spatium previscerale) (Fig. 100).

The medial pterygoid muscle is quadrangular in shape and is a very important component of the mandibular ligament. It is located on inner surface lower jaw. The medial pterygoid muscle is also located in the same direction as the chewing muscle and is attached opposite this muscle. Sometimes individual bundles of the medial pterygoid muscle are connected to the muscle fibers of the masticatory muscle.

The medial pterygoid muscle is attached to the bone by two thick processes. The larger process is attached to the lateral pterygoid part of the sphenoid bone. Smaller in size - at the pyramidal process of the palatine bone and the tubercle of the upper jaw. The muscle is attached by two processes to the lower jaw.

Between these two processes of the medial pterygoid muscle, many important structures are formed, including the maxillary, alveolar blood vessels and nerves. . At the superior border of the muscle, the tendinous tympanic nerve joins the lingual nerve.

The medial pterygoid muscle, as well as the lateral muscle, when contracted from both sides, pushes the lower jaw forward, simultaneously raising it. In the case of muscle contraction on one side of the face, the lower jaw moves in the opposite direction.

Rice. 2. Medial pterygoid muscle

Chewing muscle.

Unlike the entire group of chewing muscles, the chewing muscle is the most superficially located. Like a blanket, it covers the structure of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. The chewing muscle is very strong, because we have the opportunity to train it while chewing. The contours of the chewing muscle are very visible and very easy to feel, especially when the muscle is in a contracted state. The chewing muscle is attached to the zygomatic arch and has a complex structure. Her muscle fibers divided into two parts - superficial and deep. This is clearly seen in the figure:

Rice. 3. Chewing muscle

The superficial part starts from the anterior and middle sections of the zygomatic arch. The deep part begins a little further - from the middle and posterior sections of the zygomatic arch. The superficial portion extends at an angle backwards and downwards so as to cover the deep portion.

Both parts of the muscle are attached to the lateral side of the lower jaw, along its entire length, as well as to the jaw examination.

Temporal muscle.

The temporal muscle originates immediately on three bones - the frontal, parietal and temporal. The temporal muscle occupies almost 1/3 of the entire surface of the skull and in its shape is very reminiscent of a fan: broad muscle fibers, heading down, pass into a powerful tendon, which is attached to the coronoid process of the lower jaw.

One of the amazing abilities temporalis muscle is that it can only cut a certain set of fibers at a time. That is, the anterior, median, or posterior parts of the temporalis muscle are able to make contractions without the participation of each other.

The temporalis muscle is involved in biting movements, pulls back the extended jaw, and also raises the lower jaw until the upper and lower jaws are closed.

The temporal muscle does not have a pronounced relief, but is directly involved in creating the image of "sunken temples". When a person loses weight, or exposes himself to severe nervous stress, the temporalis muscle becomes flatter and thinner. Contrasting with it, the zygomatic arch and temporal line acquire relief. It is then that the temporal fossa becomes more prominent, and the face takes on an expression of exhaustion.

Rice. 4. Temporal muscle

The temporal muscle has a very thin structure and is covered on top with the temporal fascia (strong case). Therefore, with a spasm or dysfunction of this muscle, it is very difficult to find (palpate) even minor changes that occur with it. However, spasm of this muscle can cause headaches and toothaches.

Fascia of the head.

The fascia of the head consists of four parts: the temporal fascia, the fascia of the parotid gland, the masticatory fascia, and the buccal fascia.

temporal fascia(lat. - fascia temporalis) - a strong fibrous plate, consisting of a superficial plate (lat. - lamina superficialis) and a deep plate (lat. - lamina profunda). Designed to cover both sides of the temporal muscle with the entire number of sheets.

Fascia of the parotid gland(lat. - fascia parotidea), consisting of two sheets, is intended to cover the parotid gland

chewing fascia(lat. - fascia masseterica) is necessary to cover the masticatory muscle.

Bucopharyngeal fascia(lat. - fascia buccopharyngea) serves to cover the buccal muscle. Fascia goes to side wall throats.

At facial muscles fasciae are absent due to their direct location under the skin.

Atlas of human anatomy

Medial muscles

Anterior rectus capitis (m. rectus capitis anterior)(Fig. 98) with bilateral contraction, tilts the head forward, with unilateral contraction, tilts the head to its side. The muscle begins at the transverse process and the lateral mass of the 1st cervical vertebra, and is attached to the lower surface of the basilar occipital bone.

Lateral rectus capitis (m. rectus capitis lateralis)(Fig. 98) with a bilateral contraction, tilts the head forward, and with a unilateral contraction - to its side. The point of origin of the muscle is located on the transverse process of the 1st cervical vertebra, and the attachment point is on the lateral occipital bone.

long head muscle (m. longus cspitis)(Fig. 97, 98) tilts the head and cervical spine forward, and also participates in the rotation of the head. The muscle begins at the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the III-VI cervical vertebrae and is attached to the lower surface of the main part of the occipital bone.

long neck muscle (m. longus coli)(Fig. 97, 98, 100), contracting, tilts the neck to its side and forward. The muscle includes two parts: the upper (lateral) and the lower (medial). The starting point of the upper part is located on the transverse processes of the IV-VI cervical vertebrae, and the attachment point is on the anterior tubercle of the I cervical vertebra. The point of origin of the lower part is the bodies of the three upper thoracic vertebrae and the three lower cervical vertebrae, the attachment point is the bodies of the II-IV cervical vertebrae and the transverse processes of the V-VII cervical vertebrae.

Rice. 100. Muscles and fasciae of the neck (cross section):
1 - suprasternal interaponeurotic space; 2 - previsceral space;
3 - sternohyoid muscle; 4 - surface plate; 5 - sternothyroid muscle;
6 - pretracheal plate; 7 - trachea; 8 - scapular-hyoid muscle; 9 - subcutaneous muscle of the neck;
10 - esophagus; 11 - long muscle of the neck; 12 - sternocleidomastoid muscle;
13 - anterior scalene muscle; 14 - middle scalene muscle and posterior scalene muscle;
15 - semispinalis muscle of the back; 16 - muscle that raises the scapula;
17 - belt muscle of the head and belt muscle of the neck; 18 - trapezius muscle

Rice. 97. Median and deep muscles of the neck (side view):
1 - maxillofacial muscle; 2 - stylohyoid muscle;
3 - digastric muscle: a) anterior abdomen, b) posterior abdomen;
4 - longissimus muscle heads; 5 - thyroid-hyoid muscle;
6 - long muscle of the head; 7 - scapular-hyoid muscle: a) upper abdomen, b) lower abdomen;
8 - sternohyoid muscle; 9 - sternothyroid muscle; 10 - muscle that raises the scapula;
11 - long muscle of the neck; 12 - anterior scalene muscle; 13 - middle scalene muscle;
14 - posterior scalene muscle

Rice. 98. Deep muscles of the neck (front view):
1 - anterior rectus muscle of the head; 2 - lateral rectus muscle of the head;
3 - transverse muscles of the back; 4 - long muscle of the head; 5 - anterior scalene muscle;
6 - middle scalene muscle; 7 - long muscle of the neck; 8 - posterior scalene muscle

See also:
Neck muscles
Superficial muscles neck
Median muscles neck A group of muscles located above the hyoid bone
Muscle group located under the hyoid bone
Deep neck muscles
Lateral muscles
Fascia of the neck

The anterior rectus muscle of the head (m. Rectus capitis anterior) (Fig. 98) with bilateral contraction tilts the head forward, with unilateral contraction, tilts the head to its side. The muscle begins at the transverse process and the lateral mass of the 1st cervical vertebra, and is attached to the lower surface of the basilar occipital bone.

The lateral rectus muscle of the head (m. rectus capitis lateralis) (Fig. 98) with bilateral contraction tilts the head forward, and with unilateral contraction - to its side. The point of origin of the muscle is located on the transverse process of the 1st cervical vertebra, and the attachment point is on the lateral occipital bone.

The long muscle of the head (m. longus cspitis) (Fig. 97, 98) tilts the head and cervical spine forward, and is also involved in the rotation of the head. The muscle begins at the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the III-VI cervical vertebrae and is attached to the lower surface of the main part of the occipital bone.

The long muscle of the neck (m. longus coli) (Fig. 97, 98, 100), contracting, tilts the neck to its side and forward. The muscle includes two parts: the upper (lateral) and the lower (medial). The starting point of the upper part is located on the transverse processes of the IV-VI cervical vertebrae, and the attachment point is on the anterior tubercle of the I cervical vertebra. The starting point of the lower part is the bodies of the three upper thoracic vertebrae and the three lower cervical vertebrae, the point of attachment is the bodies of the II-IV cervical vertebrae and the transverse processes of the V-VII cervical vertebrae.

• - organs of the body of women, consisting of muscle tissue capable of contracting under the influence of nerve impulses. Provide movement of the body and organs. Together, M. form a muscular system ...

  Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary

• - Rice. 1. Muscles of the head of cattle. Rice. 1. Muscles of the head of cattle: 1 special levator of the upper lip; 2 nasolabial levator; 3 external buccal; 4 circular eyes ...

  Veterinary Encyclopedic Dictionary

• - see the list of anat. terms. 522...

  Big Medical Dictionary

• - superiores) see the list of anat. terms...

  Big Medical Dictionary

• Big Medical Dictionary

• - Structure and function of the muscles of the head neck back chest abdominal diaphragm inguinal canal upper limbs lower...

  Atlas of human anatomy

• - small posterior rectus muscle of the head; superior oblique muscle of the head; large posterior rectus capitis; transverse process of atlas; vertebral artery; inferior oblique muscle of the head...

  Atlas of human anatomy

• - semispinalis muscle of the head; belt muscle of the head; upper back serratus muscle; belt muscle of the neck; external intercostal muscles; iliocostal muscle of the back; the longest muscle of the back; spinous muscle...

  Atlas of human anatomy

• - Right view. jaw-hyoid muscle; hyoid-lingual muscle; anterior belly of the digastric muscle; hyoid bone; shield-hyoid muscle; lower pharyngeal constrictor...

  Atlas of human anatomy

• - the semispinalis muscle is ready; belt muscle of the head; belt muscle of the neck; muscle that lifts the scapula; small rhomboid muscle; rhomboid muscle; supraspinatus muscle; infraspinatus muscle; teres minor muscle...

  Atlas of human anatomy

• - see the list of anat. terms...

  Big Medical Dictionary

• - see the list of anat. terms...

  Big Medical Dictionary

• - see the list of anat. terms...

  Big Medical Dictionary

• - see the list of anat. terms...

  Big Medical Dictionary

• - see the list of anat. terms...

  Big Medical Dictionary

• - see the list of anat. terms...

  Big Medical Dictionary

"Medial muscles" in books

author Ripple Stephen

From the book Spine Treatment: Learn to Live Without Back Pain. author Ripple Stephen

From the book Spine Treatment: Learn to Live Without Back Pain. author Ripple Stephen

Exercise 3. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks This exercise will benefit someone who found problems during testing - could not reach the floor with his hands and / or make his pelvis rotate in a circle. Lie on your back. Bend your knees and

From the book Spine Treatment: Learn to Live Without Back Pain. author Ripple Stephen

From the book Spine Treatment: Learn to Live Without Back Pain. author Ripple Stephen

Exercise 5. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks This exercise will benefit someone who found problems during testing - could not reach the floor with his hands and / or make his pelvis rotate in a circle. Lie on your back. Bend your knees and

Exercise 1. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks

author Ripple Stephen

Exercise 1. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks This exercise will benefit someone who found problems during testing - could not reach the floor with his hands and / or make his pelvis rotate in a circle. Lie on your back. Bend your knees and

Exercise 2. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks

From the book Living without back pain: how to heal the spine and improve overall well-being author Ripple Stephen

Exercise 2: Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks This exercise will benefit someone who found problems during testing - could not reach the floor with his hands and / or make his pelvis rotate in a circle. Lie on your back. Bend your knees and

Exercise 3. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks

From the book Living without back pain: how to heal the spine and improve overall well-being author Ripple Stephen

Exercise 3. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks This exercise will benefit someone who found problems during testing - could not reach the floor with his hands and / or make his pelvis rotate in a circle. Lie on your back. Bend your knees and

Exercise 4. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks

From the book Living without back pain: how to heal the spine and improve overall well-being author Ripple Stephen

Exercise 4: Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks This exercise will benefit someone who found problems during testing - could not reach his hands on the floor and / or make his pelvis rotate in a circle. Lie on your right side. bent right hand

Exercise 5. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks

From the book Living without back pain: how to heal the spine and improve overall well-being author Ripple Stephen

Exercise 5. Stretching the extensor muscles of the back and muscles of the buttocks This exercise will benefit someone who found problems during testing - could not reach the floor with his hands and / or make his pelvis rotate in a circle. Lie on your back. Bend your knees and

14. MUSCLES OF THE EAR. CHECKING MUSCLES

the author Yakovlev M V

14. MUSCLES OF THE EAR. CHECKING MUSCLES The superior auricular muscle (m. auricularis superior) originates from the tendon helmet above the auricle, attaching to the upper surface of the cartilage of the auricle. Function: pulls the auricle up. Innervation: n. facialis. Posterior ear muscle (m.

19. ABDOMINAL MUSCLES. MUSCLES OF THE WALLS OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. AUXILIARY DEVICE OF THE ABDOMINAL MUSCLES

From the book Normal Human Anatomy: Lecture Notes the author Yakovlev M V

19. ABDOMINAL MUSCLES. MUSCLES OF THE WALLS OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. AUXILIARY APPARATUS OF THE ABDOMINAL MUSCLES The abdomen (abdomen) is a part of the body located between the chest and the pelvis. The following areas are distinguished in the abdomen: 1) the epigastrium (epigastrium), which includes the epigastric region, right and left

3rd floor (girdle of the upper limbs, pectoral muscles and muscles of the upper back)

From the book Osteochondrosis is not a sentence! author Bubnovsky Sergey Mikhailovich

3rd floor (girdle of upper limbs, pectoral muscles and muscles of the upper back) Hypertension, stroke, parkinsonism Indications: osteochondrosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, bronchial asthma, Chronical bronchitis, parkinsonism1– 5. "Push-ups": from the wall; from the table;

DELTOID MUSCLES OF THE ARMS AND MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL PRESS

author

DELTOID MUSCLES OF THE ARMS AND MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL PRESS - rod pull to the chin narrow grip and on the lower block; - bench press in a sitting position (barbell behind the head); - dumbbell bench press in a sitting position; - lifting arms with dumbbells to the sides in a sitting position, standing, in

DELTOID AND ABDOMINAL MUSCLES

From the book Fitness Sports: a textbook for students author Shipilina Inessa Alexandrovna

DELTOID AND ABDOMINAL MUSCLES Barbell row to the chin with a narrow grip (options) Seated bench press (barbell behind the head) Seated dumbbell press (options) Raising arms with dumbbells to the sides (sitting, standing, tilted) Turns "twisting" the torso