The set seine, as they say in books, refers to "passive fishing gear", i.e., after it is installed, it "catches fish itself." The principle of operation is based on using the property of salmon to return to their native river after sea feeding. At the beginning of summer, the salmon dispersed in the places of the sea zhora begins to stray into schools, and foolishly rush to their rivers. It is still not really known what kind of GPS fish use, but the rivers where, who was born, salmon are found thousands of kilometers away.
When approaching their native shores and in search of their own river, salmon herds nestle against the coastline - this is where they are met with fixed nets. Along the coast of Kamchatka, if memory serves, "cut" about 400 sites for installation sea seines. But, as in any fishing - plots to plots, a lot of strife ... Naturally, the most "delicious" places are near the mouths of the rivers - there the fish will never pass by. However, it is forbidden to set a net closer than 2 km to the mouth, and the distance between the nets must be at least 2 km.
The seine itself is structurally a “wing” (a wall made of a net extending perpendicularly from the coast into the sea for about 1 km) and “traps” at the marine end of the wing (systems of the “nipple” type - a labyrinth with narrow entrances and walls and a bottom from a continuous network with a mesh of about 30 mm).
The principle of operation is nauseatingly simple - a salmon walking along the coast stumbles upon an obstacle (wing), starts to go around it ... runs into traps and that's it ... It remains only to “sort out” the seine, drive the fish to one end and “pour” it into the “slot” ( a barge without a bottom, covered with a net so that the fish live there longer) or a "cage" (a blank fence from the same net adjacent to the trap). In the slots in tow, the fish is handed over for processing - to their factory on the shore, or “at sea” to fish processing vessels. The steamboat, again, can be its own (master's), or left, where the fish is handed over under the contract. Depending on the “yield”, the price of the issue ranges from 60/40 (60% of the proceeds from fish to “getters” and 40% to “receivers”), to the opposite - 40/60 (this is when fish are like dirt, and there is nowhere to put it ). It is considered fair if 50/50%.
Below, some nasty photos from such fishing in the previous year:
View of the seine from the slot from the side of the cage. The iron boat on the right is a "sabunka" - used to monitor the situation (whether the fish has entered) and minor repairs of nets. In the background is a "bulkhead" on which a team of fishermen sorts out a seine (drives the fish to the dead end).
Bulkhead seine at the stage of completion.
Bulkhead completed and preparation for "filling" the slot.
Slot filling.
The hole is filled.
The boss leads the process.
Transportation of the slot to the receiving and processing vessel (floating base Sodruzhestvo)
View of the boat and the slot from the deck of the mother ship.
View of the deck from the forward superstructure.
The simplicity of the “theory” of such fishing does not at all guarantee the same in “practice” ... Only the installation of a fixed net requires 2-3 weeks (subject to good weather and calm seas). In addition to the delivery and “bringing into working condition” of the shmurdyuk itself (nets, cables, ends, buoys, etc.), it is required to dig up and prepare in the fishing area about 2000 (two thousand !!!) sandbags for loading braces, with which the whole structure of the seine is fixed ... Take out from the shore into the sea and "drown" these same bags, "bundles" of no more than 50 pieces. at a time, because if there is more, then the ship may capsize. And such cases, unfortunately, were ...
The net itself needs not only to be installed, but also set up, almost like a piano - to adjust the dimensions, height and dimensions of the “passages” and all that. Like any “delicate matter”, setting up a seine requires not a hefty skill, if not talent ... Therefore, good foremen responsible for setting a seine and fishing are highly valued and well paid.
However, to catch a lot of fish, although this is a necessary condition, it is not yet sufficient for successful fishing - all fish must be well attached (processed at your own factory or handed over to a receiver on favorable terms).
Only in order to “recapture” the costs of setting up a seine and at least pay the fishermen something, you need to catch at least 200 tons of salmon. But in general, the "performance" of such a seine, with good conditions(approaches of fish, calm weather, etc.), allows you to take 1000 or even more tons for Putin.
And, lo and behold... A team approached Kolpakov, with whom I was supposed to work under a scientific quota. At first glance, the fishermen, like fishermen, are all hardened in words (cooler, only eggs). The brigadier, however, confused a little - he was young ... and somehow weak with charisma ... But the men arrived on a very dexterous MRS-80 (small fishing seiner). They also lived on it (7 people in the cockpit and 6 in the hold adapted for life), they also served the net.
Amenities from the stern, dining room on the cover of the hold.
Based in the estuary of the river. Mikhail Nikolaevich often looked at the "light" and whites from the seal's liver (pictured below)
Our site under the seine is the most "chocolate" - the first from the mouth of the river. Kolpakov to the north. The men put the central and frame under the seine ahead of time - it remains only to hang the "rags" (nets), which they did without problems in a few days. The weather whispered - the sea, like a mirror.
As soon as the seine net was set, the fish immediately went. There was no blockage yet, but in a couple of days they drove 30 tons into the cage. But with the delivery of the catch, there was a strain ... The vessel, with which an agreement on joint work was concluded in advance, has not yet approached the fishing area ...
Live fish in a net can normally “live” for 2-3 days, and if it is not “cleaned up”, then it dies and falls to the bottom, tightly piling the net with its corpses. If this happens, it's easier to cut the traps and re-sew than to manually try to throw it out.
There was nowhere else to “pull” with the delivery of fish, and the representative of the company decided to drag the slot to Sobolevo, or rather, to the mouth of the river. Vorovskaya (the company has its own fish processing plant in Sobolevo). And the way by sea is only from the mouth of the river. Kolpakova to Vorovskaya is about 60 km ... As a rule, such slots are not dragged further than 3-5 km ... There is a wave in the sea ... the fish will snort, wash ... Again, speed - with a slot on a leash, the course is no more than 3-4 knots.
Since there was nowhere to go, we went to Sobolevo. We set off in the morning and by 7 pm we approached the mouth of Vorovskaya ... but you can’t go in - the tide is out. For another three hours they hung out in front of the mouth, and when the water “approached”, they set off to enter. By this time, twilight had already thickened, but in principle, there was more or less visibility.
Overcoming the elastic countercurrent of the fairway, our MRS with a slot on the leash was slowly drawn into the river. And when it already seemed that everything - the mouths had passed, trembling from the strain of all Horse power ship, shook a strong side impact (already almost fell off their feet) ... !!!?
While in bewilderment they tried to find out the cause of the underwater "hook on the right", men began to jump out of the hold and throw their mattresses and belongings from there onto the deck. It turned out that a hole (the size of a boot) was formed from the impact, with which outboard water whipped with terrible force !!!
The hold before our eyes was filling with water, in which firewood, socks, clothes were floating mixed up ... In less than a few minutes, the men in the hold were already fussing in waist-deep water ... and she was arriving ... !!!
Attempts to push the hole with mattresses and rags did not give any results, because because of the bunks and the inner lining it was impossible to get there ...
Fortunately, a 10 cm hole “did not get” the adjacent engine room and the ship remained on the move. They managed to call for help on the radio in time. An MPC-150 jumped up from a nearby pier and unfastened our slot with fish. Light and at maximum speed, they rushed to the shore. And when it was already possible to touch the water from the deck with your hand - Thank God, we ran aground.
It's gone...
PS. I apologize for the quality of the photo - camera"
Consisting of a net cloth and ropes, used for catching fish in large quantities in river, lake, coastal and sea (ocean) fishing. The principle of fishing for most seines is based on overcasting clusters of fish and pulling the net with the catch to the shore or on board the ship. The main difference between a seine and fishing gear, for example, a gill net, is that a seine is a mobile fishing gear and a small mesh of a seine is designed to filter water through it when hauling, and not to entangle (envelop) fish in it with gill covers. When seine is selected, the caught fish remains on the net cloth or rolls into a special bag in the middle part of the seine - motnya, or cod.
According to the method of fishing, the seine is divided into four types - throw nets, dangling nets, bottom seines And fixed seine- the most diverse group, which belongs to a special type of stationary coastal fishing gear - traps. According to the place of fishing, a seine is distinguished river, lake And maritime .
Cast nets
They belong to the oldest fishing gear and are used for coastal fishing, when the net is gradually thrown from the boat in the form of an arc (with the top directed in the opposite direction from the shore), and pulled (drowned) ashore. Currently, cast nets are used mainly in such inland waters as rivers, lakes and reservoirs. In winter, cast seines are lowered under the ice through a large oblong hole - moina and then stretched in an arc with the help of auxiliary small holes.
Dash seine
Mainly sea (sometimes lake) seines, used far from the coast and taken on board the ship. The most primitive in design and method of fishing are spreading nets, which are occasionally used for fishing in the shallow waters of seas and lakes. Their device resembles a cast net. The more high-performance active fishing gear used far from the coast are purse seines, which include purse seines. The principle of catching a purse seine consists in wrapping a huge net wall around the detected school of fish and then pulling the lower part of the seine like a purse or a pouch. In this case, the caught fish remains inside the seine bowl. Then the seine is chosen on the deck of the ship, and the caught fish is poured into a special part of the seine, called a drain, or a den, from where it is then chosen.
Fixed seines
A set seine is a stationary fishing tool, the principle of which is based on the installation of a fixed “wing” obstacle in the way of the fish, which directs it into a trap. The height of the side walls of the trap, as a rule, reaches the surface of the water. The length of the wing usually ranges from 250 to 100 m. Set nets are used in large reservoirs and coastal marine fishing for salmon, capelin, herring, greenling, smelt, herring, etc. The fish caught by the set net remain unharmed and for a long time is kept alive inside the trap. In addition, fixed seines are used on a muddy bottom or during ice fishing, when the use of other means of fishing is difficult. The main disadvantages of a fixed seine are the complexity of installation, the high cost of large seines and susceptibility to destruction in bad weather.
Bottom seines
Small nets used mainly for coastal bottom lake and sea fishing from small boats or from the shore. This subgroup of seines includes mutnik, or snurrevod, almost identical in design mechanized dredge and some other fishing gear. According to the method of fishing, bottom seines belong to the second subgroup of screening fishing gear - trawling gear, and in terms of design and fishing technique they occupy intermediate position between cast seines and bottom trawls, representing a net bag with short seine wings, a bobbin and a core in the center.
With a bottom seine, as well as a throw seine, they sweep over a section of the reservoir from the shore or from the side of the vessel, covering a large area of the bottom with a net with very long cuts (warps). Then the seine is hauled and pulled by the cuts (sometimes reaching a length of 1500-2000 m) with the help of a winch or under the ship's own power. The cuts, moving along the bottom, stir up silt and sand (hence the name "mutnik") and scare away the fish, which moves to the center of the swept space.
Mutniki and mechanized dredges are used to catch gobies in the Sea of Azov, snurrevads are used to fish for flounder, pollock and cod far from the coast on
Fishing gear used in reservoirs, their parameters and the procedure for using them are established by the rules of fishing.
The conditions of the reservoirs mainly determine the types of fishing gear and the order of their use, which differ from the gears on the rivers on which the reservoirs are formed. Various types of fishing gear are used, each of which is characterized by optimal selectivity and catchability in relation to certain types of fish or their size groups. This takes into account the use of more advanced fishing methods.
Shore seines. Shore seines are used for open water. They consist of two wings, drives and a bobbin (one or more). They pull the seine for the edges - ropes.
Shore seines, lake seines are symmetrical, river seines are asymmetric. They have a motna in the middle part, wings and edges are the same size. The part of the wing closest to the mona, called the drive, has the same height along the entire length as the mona, which is 30-40% more than the most common depth in fishing areas. The height of the rest of the wing is smaller and depends on the bottom topography and fishing conditions.
The length of the equal-winged coastal seine is up to 1500 m, the height is up to 25 m. The fishing area for one spot is up to 30 ha.
In seines used on hard sandy-silty and pebbly soils, the lower pick-up is made shorter than the top, but no more than the height of the seine, which ensures a large fit of the pick-up to the bottom. On soft silty or peaty soils, the net fabric is made higher than usual, the lower selection is not loaded, and the length is equal to the length of the upper selection or greater than it. In this case, the lower line, lagging behind the upper line, drags along the bottom without cutting the ground, which facilitates traction, preventing the fish from leaving the net.
Motnya usually has a wedge-shaped shape 1.5-2 times longer than the height of the seine.
The mesh size of the deli depends on the size of the fish to be caught, the conditions and methods of fishing, and the rules of fishing. The most frequent del is placed in the kutka of the motni and in the motni. The meshes in the coil and drives are the same size. Wings are made from mesh with 3-5 sizes, which gradually increase from drives to nags. Each subsequent part of the wing is made of wood with a mesh 4-6 mm larger than the mesh of the previous part.
A foam plastic melt is evenly tied to the upper selection. The total weight of the float on the wings is 1/6 of the dry weight of the top line and fly without the weight of the bobbin.
Loads (flat stones) or metal rings are tied to the lower selection of seines working on solid soils. In reservoirs with silty soil, stones are often used, braided with birch bark or vine. The total weight of the load on the net is equal to 1/5 of the weight of the entire net and the upper line in dry form.
The seine is also built with a gap - a strip of delhi 0.5-1 m wide, 0.5-0.7 of the total length of the seine, one of the edges of which is planted on the lower selection, and the second edge is loaded with a light load or placed on a loaded net.
A seine with a valance is used when fishing areas with an uneven bottom for catching carp, catfish, pike, bream, which can go under the lower selection of a conventional seine design.
For catching silver carp, which is able to jump over the upper selection of the seine, a curtain is sewn to it with a mesh pitch of 40-50 mm, a width of 1 m, a length of 0.5-0.7 of the length of the seine or a visor that prevents fish from jumping out.
When fishing with a casting seine on the open reach of the reservoir in summer time(Zharkovskaya poutina) a seine with elongated cuts equal to the length of the seine is used, and the seine is marked in a shape close to a triangle.
Seine. Such seines up to 1000 m long are used in open water and under ice; The height of the seine in the drives and wings is the same. The seine has a capacious coil, lower, upper and third rebound, for which the seine is pulled by a winch. To press the lower line to the bottom, a sliding load weighing 30-40 kg is strengthened on it. The effective use of these seines is possible in areas with increased concentration fish found by echo sounder. To prevent the release of fish during the period of sinking at depths up to 4 m, the wings of the seine are pulled crosswise, and the seine net is anchored at the beginning of the sinking and the sinking is performed from it.
Abroad, at the same time, two, three, four stretch seines are used, which sweep in a circle, pull and sink the seine at the same time to the center of the swept area, each seine independently for two edges into a separate boat.
Purse seine. They are used in areas of reservoirs with great depths and in the presence of a high concentration of pelagic fish. The length of the seines is 200-300 m, the height is up to 30 m. Seine fishing is carried out by pulling the lower line while the upper line is stationary, thus forming a huge bag of fish. There are purse seines, the wing of which is chosen for the ship for two-thirds of the length, and the rest of the wings are purse, as indicated above.
Seine with a veil(designed by L.I. Denisov). The length of the seine with a curtain is 500-1200 m, height is 3 m, with cuts of 600 m each. higher, usually jumps over the top line.
Seine for ice fishing. The length of the seine is 400-800 m. The technique and organization of under-ice fishing with a seine are varied and depend on the behavior and concentration of fish, the size of the seine, and the scheme of netting.
The number of fishermen, the size and composition of the winter convoy, the nature and quantity of equipment depend on the size of the seine and the method of its use.
Greater catchability is achieved by using two opposite seines, which sink simultaneously in the center of the ton, while also using an opposite net - a seine 20-50 m long, blocking the exit of fish during sinking. With continuous seine fishing, as the wings are retrieved, they are immediately stretched according to the new following pattern. When column fishing, 2-6 seines are used simultaneously in such a way as to catch the largest area of the reservoir within several dens.
collar- single-winged stretch seine with motney, used in shallow water. The length of the collar wing is 150-200 m. Fishing is carried out from one boat with the participation of 3 fishermen.
Scraper- seine net without coil.
Dragnet(brodnik, bredeshok, brodets, drag, drag) - a short drag 5-20 m long, which is pulled into the ford by nags without cuts.
Raiga- a variety of coastal seines, characterized by a significantly larger lower selection in relation to the upper one. They pull her by the upper selection. It is used in areas with bumps, stones, low cut stumps and other objects without sharp and long protrusions.
Trawls are used for industrial fishing, reconnaissance of fish accumulations, as well as scientific research on reservoirs. Specialized trawl fishing gives good results when fishing for sabrefish in the Tsimlyansk reservoir, smelt in the Rybinsk reservoir, catfish in the Volgograd and Kuibyshev reservoirs, sprats in the Dnieper reservoirs, roach, crucian carp in the reservoirs of Western Siberia.
twin trawls. Two identical vessels tow the trawl with or without an auxiliary boat. There are no trawl doors, which increases the speed of trawling and the catch of fish. Vessels do not go in the wake of the trawl, but on the side, so they do not scare away the fish, but drive it with warps into the fishing area with the trawl. Apply motor boats or vessels with engines of 12-150 hp. With. The use of a support boat allows almost continuous fishing. Vessels-tugs are in motion all the time and only for the period of lifting the cod with the catch on board the boats slow down. It takes 3-7 minutes to raise the cod, pouring out the fish. The codend is trimmed after 15, 20, 30 minutes of trawling.
The design, size and equipment of the twin trawl depend on the engine power of the tugs, the type of fish caught and the fishing conditions - on the bottom or in the water column. The size of the trawl and the characteristics of the delhi are combined with the speed of the trawl. The larger the trawl or the smaller the mesh, the lower the trawling speed will be with the same towing capacity of the vessels.
For fishing sprats, sprats, bleaks, the speed of trawling at a water temperature below 10 ° C is 2.5-3.5 km / h. In warm seasons, bream, pike-perch, sabrefish, and roach are caught at trawling speeds of 4-5 km/h, and carp, grass carp, silver carp, and catfish are caught at 7-8 km/h.
Fishing with a twin trawl is carried out by 4-5 people. When using an auxiliary boat and tugs with an engine of 20-40 hp. With. on the ships there is one minder-skipper, as well as 2-3 fishermen. Without an auxiliary boat, 3-4 fishermen work on the lead vessel.
Trawl fishing from one vessel. Who is carried out with the help of spacer boards that provide a horizontal opening of the trawl. The sweeping and hauling of the trawl is carried out from the side or stern, using an auxiliary boat or without it. Stern trawling is more efficient than broadside trawling because there is no need to waste time on the circulation needed to sweep or haul the trawl and warps. It provides the best horizontal opening of the mouth of the trawl. For stern trawling, any vessel that does not have trawl equipment (winches, arc, cargo booms) can be used; work is done by hand.
The dimensions and design of the trawl for trawling from one vessel are the same as for twin trawls. The trawl has bare ends 8-10 m long to connect the trawl to the spreader boards.
When trawling in the water column, buoys are attached to the upper part of the spacer boards on streamers of 11 foam circles, which hold the spacer boards and the trawl at a given horizon during the trawling period. The trawl is set to the desired depth by lengthening or shortening the line connecting the board to the buoy.
When fishing in the water column from a vessel that does not have trawl equipment, light metal spacer boards weighing no more than 50 kg each are used.
On ships equipped with trawl equipment, spacer boards can be rectangular, oval, spherical, wing-shaped, or slotted, angled and conical.
Trawls are equipped with trawls along the upper line, with chains along the bottom line, vertical mouth opening limiters, a safety line or frame, emergency buoys tied on a long cord to the end of the trawl codend. A buoy with a lifting force of 150 N is attached to each end of the upper line of the trawl, where the nag is passed, and a load of 150 N is attached to the ends of the lower line. With the help of these buoys and weights, as well as equipment for the upper and lower lines, a vertical opening of the mouth of the trawl is provided.
Side cone traps. Such traps are used on the Kakhovka reservoir for tyulka fishing.
On the boat "Yaroslavets" or PTS-150, two onboard cone traps are installed with a size of 4X4 m at the mouth, a length of 12 m. 4 people are fishing. 5 lifting booms are installed on the vessel: one for lifting and lowering the towing frame, to the ends of which metal square frames with traps are attached to the streamers; two arrows in front of the cabin for raising and lowering the frame and traps and two arrows behind the cabin for raising the coddle.
Before trawling, the towing U-shaped frame is lowered only to a depth of four meters, then square frames with traps and kudki. Kutki on the move of the vessel is often raised.
Trawling by pushing. Push trawling is carried out from one vessel with an engine of 80-150 hp. with., a suspension device, a fish pump RB-100 and a winch.
The suspension device consists of two metal trusses 12 m long. Some truss cones are connected and attached to the bow of the vessel, others are stretched and attached to catamaran-type pontoons. In push trawling, the fish are not deterred by the wake and engine noise as the trawl goes ahead of the vessel. The fish is continuously pumped out of the codend of the trawl by a pump through a corrugated hose and fed to the deck of the vessel. This contributes to a significant increase in the catch and allows continuous fishing.
The catch of kilka in push trawling is 2-4 times higher than the catch in stern trawling.
Electrified twin trawl. In recent years, in some reservoirs on open reaches with waves of no more than 3 points, electric fishing installations ELU-4 have been used. The installation consists of a non-self-propelled catamaran KPB-1 and two tugs with a 20 hp engine. With. The catamaran is equipped with a gasoline-electric unit AB-4-T (230V) with a power of 4 kW, a control panel, a crane-beam and a turret with a mechanized drive for lifting the cod. The trawl is 25 m, equally sized, with a vertical opening of the mouth of 5 m, with a mirror cutting canvas. The trawl top line is equipped with hoods and an anode - a flat electrode. A cathode is tied to the lower selection - an electrode similar to the anode. Weights weighing 15 kg are attached to the lower ends of the nags. Warp length 80-120 m, trawling speed not more than 3 km/h. The current is supplied to the electrodes by a unipolar, pulsed one from an underwater generator TYPE-250, connected by a cable to a benzoelectric generator installed on a catamaran.
Networks are smooth with forced draft are made in the form of frame large bags of mesh fabric in each window. The length of the net is 30 m, the height is 4 m or more in landing with a frame of 80X80 cm. Floats and weights are tied up only at the points where the ends of the vertical veins of the frame are attached to the rebounds. The network is towed by twin-engine boats with a 12-15 hp engine. With. at a speed of 2.7-3.0 km / h.
The duration of fishing does not exceed 30 minutes. Tow net better in summer and autumn afternoon along the bottom. In areas with a clogged bottom, fishing is carried out at night in the water column or near the surface, where fish are concentrated at this time. In the southern and middle latitudes, fishing with nets with forced traction is carried out in the water column from July to mid-October from 23 to 4 hours, in autumn - from 20 to 6 hours. / h and only for the upper selection.
Set nets- the most common fishing gear in reservoirs. The amount of fish caught by fixed nets depends on the size of the accumulation of fish in the fishing area and on the correspondence of the mesh pitch in their canvas to the size composition of fish in the reservoir, as well as on the design of the net, thread diameter, mesh pitch, landing, equipment, sharpening, installation method and location, care and storage. The catchability of the net increases with a decrease in the ratio of the thread diameter to the mesh pitch in the web.
Frame and rhomboram nets used for catching large-sized fish - catfish, carp, pike, asp, pike perch, bream, ide, etc. Frame nets are made of canvas with a mesh pitch of 70 mm or more. They have longitudinal and transverse veins connected at the intersections. In the rhomboram network, two veins are passed crosswise one to the other. Since the vertical and oblique veins are shorter than the height of the net web, in both net designs bags of net web are formed, which increase the catchability, especially in relation to large fish.
Guard nets(with veins) are made from canvas with a mesh of 30-70 mm. They have only vertical veins, which are 20-50% shorter than the height of the canvas, tied in 3-4 places to the veins (or not tied up). A large shrinkage of the canvas is done when the canvas is tied to the veins.
Single-wall networks(blocks) have one canvas without veins. They are made of canvas with a mesh pitch of 40 mm or less. They are especially effective when fishing for roach, ram and sabrefish.
Combined networks(according to the mesh size) consist of one linen, sewn in height from 2-3 sheets or 4-6 blocks along the length with different mesh pitch, and this set of blocks can be repeated 3-4 times depending on their length and the network. Having 6 orders of combined nets with two sets of boards in a cell of 4 m in length, it is possible to quickly and accurately establish the distribution of fish in a reservoir in this moment by type and size group. Combined nets are used for fish exploration, research and industrial purposes.
Set traps, venteri, stakes and others are made from mesh fabric, metal mesh, rods. They are passive fishing gear used on coastal shallows. The greatest catches are provided in the spring when fish approach the shores, at the beginning of winter, during the period of massive seasonal migrations of fish and increased fish mobility during kills, subject to the rules of fishing.
All traps have a barrel or chamber, one or two pairs of openings, but there are also without openings with a central guide wing. The barrels are stretched with 3-5 hoops or square wooden or metal frames, and inside they have 1 to 5 funnel-shaped throats. Especially effective are traps made from a mirror-cut fabric, and also if the opening of the back throat ends with a bundle of nylon veins tied to its rim every 3 cm of the perimeter.
An analysis of the range of fixed nets used in a number of reservoirs showed that for the greatest catchability with sufficient strength of the fixed nets, it is necessary to choose the thread thickness for each mesh size.
Good results are obtained by planting with a variable coefficient of 0.20-0.71 with a repeatability every 6-8 m of the length of the nets.
For pike and pike perch, a landing coefficient of 0.67 gives good results, for golden crucian carp - 0.30.
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Today, interest in fishing is returning more and more, not only as a trade. As a result, the need for fishing nets, one of the essential attributes of this lesson.
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The purpose of the seine nets is to cover a certain area of the reservoir along with the fish located there and, reducing the swept area to a minimum, drain the fish.
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Set nets from the group of traps are the most common. Their principle of automatic fishing and the ability to keep the fish alive attracts a lot of attention from specialists.
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The dragnet has the same parts as the cast net. The usual dimensions of the log are 10-25 m in length and 1-1.8 m in height.
The main and main difference between a seine and a bullshit is in the methods of fishing and in size.
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Large mesh network - essential tool when fishing big fish. It is manufactured on modern equipment and can beat with different cell diameters, ranging from 30 to 200 mm.
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The lifting net is a rectangle of light net, which is lowered to the bottom and after a while is raised, capturing the fish that is above the net at that moment.
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Fine-mesh seine - a type of seine for catching small fish. It can have various modifications: (bottom, side, side). A popular type of permanently installed seine is the fixed seine.
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Some products are prohibited for use in recreational and sport fishing in Russia. Produced for research institutes, fish farms and for regions of the Russian Federation where the use of this type of product is allowed.
To the great happiness of anglers in our time, the choice of fishing tackle is simply replete with variety and amazes with an assortment of all kinds of options.
This is no longer the time when improvised materials and inventions of avid anglers were used as equipment for fish farming. The tradition of buying fishing tackle in bulk has become especially relevant, because real fishermen know how expensive it can be to purchase equipment separately.
And the point here is not only the price, quite often small sellers do not control the quality of the goods sold, allowing defective gear to be sold. That's why fishing enthusiasts prefer to buy fishing tackle in bulk from trusted dealers, instead of purchasing from rather dubious retail chains.
Market conditions for fish farming equipment:
The market is so vast and multifaceted that it is easy for an unenlightened fisherman to get lost in all the variety of manufacturers of this equipment. Only one thing is true: a conscientious manufacturer will always remain true to its quality, and cooperation will be carried out mainly through wholesale networks. Only wholesalers are able to provide truly high-quality equipment that meets the highest requirements of all standards. Here you can find:
- surfacing and floats;
- twine and weights;
Fishing tackle wholesale from the manufacturer: the right choice for a fisherman.
Buying quality equipment for fish farming from a manufacturer is not a big problem nowadays. In today's market conditions, wholesale suppliers who are able to provide exactly the products that a real fisherman dreams of have an undeniable advantage. You can buy fishing tackle in Moscow from many suppliers, but it is here that you will always find high quality fishing tackle, low price for products and pleasant, unobtrusive service.
Our wholesale network is focused not only on professional fishermen, our clients include many amateurs fishing. It is our wholesale network that is able to provide you with the best fishing equipment, and pleasant moments of fishing with the help of our gear will leave in your memory the brightest memories of a pleasant time.
As you know, in order to catch fish in large numbers in a relatively short period of time, it is worth using a fishing net.
A fishing net is a large net that is used to catch fish in various water bodies. Seines fishing allow you to fish in large quantities in marine and oceanic fisheries.
This tackle is a large net cloth with ropes, the principle of which is based on delaying the fish that is in motion, and directing it to a special device or pulling the net with the catch from the water.
Fishing nets have been known to mankind for decades. Their primitive predecessors were used in ancient times, since it was they who helped the fisherman return home with a solid catch.
Currently, there are several of the most common types of gear such as a fishing net.
Among them it is worth highlighting:
- a seine net;
- loose;
- bottom;
- fixed seine.
Seine fish seine - the oldest species of a number of seines.
It is used for coastal fishing fish. This fishing tackle is thrown into the water from a boat that moves along the reservoir, and then pulled towards the shore with a catch. Such a net is perfect for river or lake fishing, you can also fish with it in the winter.
If you need nets for sea fishing, then you should buy a net.
This type of fishing gear allows you to fish far from the shore by pulling the prey on board the vessel. With this device, you can catch whole schools of fish, which you can never do with a regular spinning rod.
Bottom nets allow you to fish both on lakes and in the open sea.
They are used for bottom fishing. This type of seine fishing can be carried out both from a small vessel and from the coastal zone. Its principle is very similar to the principle of fishing with a cast net, only the first, unlike the second, covers the bottom of the reservoir.
There are also stationary fixed nets.
They are usually used for industrial purposes, for catching salmon, trout, capelin, herring and the like. A fixed seine is used where fishing with other fishing gear is not possible. But this type has its drawbacks: high cost, big sizes, the complexity of installation and the risk of damage in bad weather conditions.
If you are counting on a big catch or want to fish on professional level, then do not forget to buy a fishing net. Remember, this tackle is an indispensable assistant for every avid fisherman.
Many heard about this fisherman's tackle in childhood from Russian fairy tales. But not everyone fully understands what the word "seine" means. The meager idea that this is a fishing gear that provides for catching fish in significant numbers does not give an exhaustive answer. Let's try to figure out how it is used.
A bit of history
Fishing is an ancient craft of mankind. And the original fishing tools did not bring a big catch. As you know, the fish was beaten with a spear, a relative of modern pitchforks. A little later, rafts and boats appeared on the farm, which helped to facilitate difficult fishing. But when the network was invented, things went much better, people stopped starving.
With the advent of seine - a purse network - fish production has increased significantly. A huge net was thrown into the sea or river, and it dragged behind the fishing boat, capturing the fish that got in the way. When the net became full, it was pulled onto the deck and the “purse” was untied at the bottom, dumping all the fish for sorting and storage. Both small sailboats and more respectable ships used the seine.
You can also fish with a seine and not far from the coast.
Origin
The word "net" was inherited from the Proto-Slavic language of the prehistoric era, which is the progenitor of all Slavic languages of our time. It was spoken by the ancient tribes that lived on the territory between the rivers Dnieper, Vistula and Bug. As a consequence of a common history - in Czech, Ukrainian, Polish, "net" sounds almost the same, only with a difference in stress.
The modern meaning of the word "net" - surrounding from the outside, seizing without touching - is far from the original. The true authors of the word, naming the net, meant far from encirclement and capture, they kind of conveyed information to the fish so as not to frighten it - "we are not going to drive here." Given the way of thinking and beliefs of a person of that era, everything was quite logical and understandable.
According to dictionaries, a net is a means for catching fish, which is a net and a rope. It is used in large bodies of water: oceans, seas, lakes and rivers. The principle of working with a seine is simple: covering the accumulation of fish and pulling the net on board the vessel or the coastal zone. Seines come in different lengths, sizes, cell frequencies and, of course, differ in design.
How is the net arranged?
Fishing seine - a long net, the wall of which is represented by different heights. On the upper rope, this network is equipped with floats, and on the lower rope - weights. In the middle of the seine, a bag is sewn in, it is called "motnya", where all the captured fish are collected. Side walls nets are called wings, warps (cables) are attached to them, with which the seine is pulled.
Unlike other fishing devices, the seine is a mobile tackle, when using which the catch remains intact, and therefore remains alive longer. Small mesh cells filter the water during excavations, and all the fish remains in the canvas.
Cast net fishing technique
The simple device of this type of net can be deceptive at first glance. It seems that I walked along the coast and full bags of catch are ready. But not everything is so simple. Sometimes you can be left with nothing, even if the fish walks under your feet.
Before fishing itself, the net must be checked on the shore for holes and damage so that all the work is not in vain. A close-knit team of several people takes part in the process of catching. One fisherman enters the water to the maximum depth, the second moves towards him to such a distance that the seine is a semicircle, and not tight. At the same time, they begin to move along the coast, trying to bring the seine as close to the bottom as possible. Another participant goes to meet them, splashing on the water and driving the fish onto the net. Then the first fisherman brings his edge to the shore along an arc of a circle, while the second one stands still. As soon as they are equal along the line, they begin to slowly move towards the shore. The seine must be pulled very carefully so that it does not break. Its ends should be as close to the bottom as possible so that the fish does not slip under the net. As soon as the seine is on the shore, you can collect fish.
Types of seine
There are four types of seine, which differ in the way of catching: fixed, bottom, loop, cast. And also the tackle is divided according to the place of application: river, sea, lake. The cast net has already been mentioned, let's consider other types.
The set seine is considered the most passive in use. All you need is just to install it, it does the rest. This type of seine is common and diverse. They mainly work in the sea coastal fishery of herring, salmon, Baltic herring and other fish species. The design of the fixed seine is very expensive and difficult to install.
The loop seine is mostly marine tackle, but in some cases it is also used on the lake. It is used far from land and then pulled aboard. Purse seines are distinguished by a particularly high performance. The principle of operation is that the detected one is swept over with a net wall.
The bottom seine is used for coastal sea or lake fishing on small boats. Due to its small design, it is closer to the cast net.
Synonyms for seine
As it turned out, the net is not alone in its definition and has related words that are close to it in meaning. Some dictionaries give up to 21 synonyms for the word "seine". zhak, harva, stavnik, klovnya, mutnik, dragger and others. A few words about frequently used ones.
A dragnet is a small seine designed for shallow water. Its design has two wings, drives and a motney, which can be tapered or wedge-shaped. The condition for effective fishing with a bullshit is as follows: a large concentration of fish with low mobility and a flat bottom of the reservoir.
Mutnik has medium-sized cells for catching small fish. Scraps of nets are tied to his lasso, which contribute to the cloudiness of the water, hence the name of this tackle. This is done in order to scare the fish and direct it in the right direction. Especially successful fishing Muddler goes to the lakes.
Volokush - this is the same nonsense, it is an ordinary net, but unlike it, it is not thrown from boats or ships. It is used only in places where people can pass. For this reason, the drag is applicable in small lakes and rivers.
Thus, the seine is presented in its wide variety and various designs for one single purpose - to catch fish in large numbers.