159 countries. 8391 athletes (2194 women). 25 sports. Leaders in the unofficial team standings: 1. USSR (55-31-46); 2. GDR (37-35-30); 3. USA (36-31-27)
The mascot of the Seoul Olympics is a cute tiger cub wearing a Hodori bowler hat. A competition was announced and his name was chosen by the whole world, the inhabitants of the country offered 2295 options.
At these Games, the strongest athletes of the USSR, the USA, the GDR, Japan and other countries finally came together again to start. However, the boycott could not be completely avoided.
Once again, the Games were boycotted, this time by the NOCs of Cuba, North Korea, Ethiopia, Nicaragua and some other countries. Unfortunately, this happened because these Games were also preceded by political “games”. Some sports figures believed that the situation on the Korean Peninsula was too unstable, others, and most importantly the IOC, insisted that Olympic competitions were held only on the Korean peninsula - since Seoul was elected - and nowhere else ... As expected, the opinion of the IOC won, which dealt with this problem in detail, studied it well: to hold the Games in Korea. There was a lot of talk about Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea holding the competition together. However, even here the politicians failed to agree. North Korea, in response to the refusal of the IOC to host the Olympics on the territory of both Korean states, called on allies in the socialist bloc to boycott the Games in Seoul. Cuba, Ethiopia, the DPRK itself and several other countries responded to the call of the North Korean comrades.
The preparation and holding of the Olympic Games in Seoul showed that the International Olympic Committee was right. In many respects - the number of participating countries, athletes, coaches, officials and media representatives - over 20 thousand people, awards - 237 sets of medals, the number of security services - more than 120 thousand people, and, finally, in terms of the number of television viewers, watching the competition - over 3 billion people in 139 countries - the Games in Seoul were a record.
At the opening ceremony of the Olympics, the torch with the Olympic flame was brought into the stadium by 76-year-old Sohn Kee-chung, the winner of the Olympic marathon in 1936. Then he was forced to perform using a Japanese name, so Korea was occupied by Japan. In 1936, he competed as the Japanese athlete Kitei Son.
The program of the Olympics was once again expanded - tennis and table tennis, 10 thousand meters for women, women's sprint in cycling and 11 new disciplines.
Tennis was first introduced to Olympic Games ah in 1896. Tennis players consistently played at the Olympics until 1924. However, after 1924 the conflict between professional and amateur sports Not allowed the strongest players to play at the games until 1988. Only the Seoul Olympics once again hosted Olympic family tennis players.
Steffi Graf defeated Gabriella Sabatini in the women's final, while Miloslav Mecir became the men's champion, leaving Boris Becker himself with silver.
Steffi Graf is a German athlete one of the most titled tennis players in the world. The first coach was her father, Peter Graf - the head of a small tennis club. Later, she began to train with the famous Czechoslovak tennis player P. Folded in the past. In addition, she was engaged in general physical training and basketball. In 1986, the seventeen-year-old athlete became the best athlete in Germany. In 1987, she won the US Championship, beating the recognized favorites Martina Navratilova and K. Evert. In 1988 she won the Wimbledon tournament, she became the second German athlete to win this prestigious tournament. In 1988 she won open championship United States, thereby winning his way to the Grand Slam club.
The national team performed with great success in Seoul Soviet Union. She won the team event by a wide margin, winning 18 gold medals more than her closest rival, the GDR team.
The title of the strongest gymnasts on the planet was confirmed by Soviet athletes Elena Shushunova and Vladimir Artemov. They were also supported by their teammates - 10 out of 14 gold medals went to our athletes. Three gold medals were won by an athlete from the Romanian national team Daniela Silivash (floor exercise, balance beam and uneven bars). This achievement once again emphasized the great success of the Romanian school of gymnastics.
Our athletes also looked very good in Seoul - 10 top awards. Racers on the cycle track, volleyball players, wrestlers, rowers in kayaks and canoes, men's handball and basketball teams won.
After a 16-year break, Soviet basketball players again climbed to the highest step of the podium. In the final basketball tournament The USSR national team beat the Yugoslav team by 13 points and took first place.
After a 32-year break, gold medals in football went to the USSR national team, which defeated Brazil in the final with a score of 2: 1. Goals against the opponents were scored by Igor Dobrovolsky and Yuri Savichev.
Rhythmic gymnastics made its debut at the 1984 Games in Los Angeles, but the strongest athletes in the world from the USSR and Bulgaria did not participate in them. In Seoul, they took to the platform, and gold medal the champion was won by 18-year-old student from Minsk Marina Lobach.
Vladimir Salnikov achieved the rarest success for swimmers. He again became a champion, like eight years ago in Moscow. But they didn’t want to take Salnikov to the Games at all. Salnikov's desire to try to compete at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul was not to everyone's liking. In 1985, Koshkin, who became the head coach of the national team, said to the swimmer: - We did everything with you. I don't know how to train further. Hardly worth continuing. He was sincerely convinced that the time had come for Vladimir to finish swimming. And, an honest man, he did not hide his opinion. This is probably why, at a meeting of the presidium of the Swimming Federation, Koshkin said that "Salnikov was exhausted." Vladimir's new coach was his wife Marina, a highly qualified specialist in biomedical problems. She began her practical activities in the scientific group of sprinters of the country's athletics team, then worked for several years in Koshkin's coaching team. Marina became for her husband both a coach, and a doctor, and a massage therapist, even to some extent a manager ... Tubs of mud poured out on Salnikov. "How? - were outraged. - He is preparing under the guidance of his wife? This is nonsense, it’s not supposed to be like that!” But they did not give up, and life proved them right.
Talking about swimmers, one cannot fail to note the success of an athlete from the GDR Christina Otto. She received 6 gold medals in swimming and became one of the heroes of the Olympics. Her achievement is a kind of record for women's Olympic sports and the absolute record of the Games in Seoul for won gold medals.
American swimmer Mat Biondi was only one gold medal behind C. Otto. Having received 5 gold Olympic medals, he came out as a leader at the start of the next distance of 100 m butterfly. However, he failed to get his 6th gold. The sensation was the victory of an athlete from Suriname Anthony Nesti at this distance. For this feat, the government of Suriname awarded his compatriot with the highest order of the Yellow Star. And Mat Biondi added silver and bronze to his 5 gold medals.
American Janet Evans won three gold medals in swimming. Janet is arguably the most wonderful female swimmer on the planet. long distances throughout the history of the sport. She first drew attention to herself at the Goodwill Games in 1986, and in 1988 at the Olympics she already performed as the owner of world records at distances of 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m. And she did not disappoint the fans, improving her own world record by winning at a distance of 400 m. And in addition she received gold medals at 800 m and 400 m. At her second Olympics in 1992, Janet successfully defended her title of Olympic champion at a distance of 800 m, but for the first time since 1986 she finished second behind Dagmar Hayes (Germany) at a distance of 400 m.
Between 1986 and 1995 Janet Evans won 25 out of 27 international competitions at a distance of 400 m and 22 out of 23 at a distance of 800 m. Her records, set back in 1988-89 at distances of 400, 800 and 1500 m, remained unbeaten until 1999. Evans completed her Olympic performances in 1996 in Atlanta, losing the 800m freestyle, the only event she competed in Atlanta.
The doping scandals at the Seoul Games were huge. An unpleasant sensation was the victory, and then ... the debunking of the Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson. He outright outplayed all his competitors in the 100 meters. But when it came to doping control... the medal had to be returned!
Let's talk about this event in more detail. September 24, 1988 on Olympic Stadium Seoul Ben Johnson, a 26-year-old Jamaican with a Canadian passport, stuns the world with a 100m time of 9.79 seconds. To the title of world champion, he adds the title of Olympic winner and world record holder.
Two days later the same sports world stunned by other news: Johnson caught doping, stripped Olympic gold, and at the same time two of their world records. In a matter of weeks, everyone turns away from the dark-skinned "Mr. Doping". The children of neighbors killed his beloved cat, the Conservative government of Canada Brian Mulroney seriously began to consider deporting the ex-champion to Jamaica and depriving him of his citizenship. Two years later, his disqualification expired. But the persecution of the "vile deceiver" continued. It was led by Prince de Merode, the main anti-doping fighter in the IOC. He promised to red-handed a runner at the Barcelona Olympics. It didn't work out.
They "got" Johnson on January 17, 1993 at the track and field tournament in Toronto. A 16-fold excess of the banned anabolic testosterone was found in a sample of his urine. And this time, the leadership of the International Athletic Federation disqualified the Canadian for life.
Here are some more examples. Bulgarian athletes Mitko Grablev (under 56 kg category) and Angel Genchev (under 67.5 kg category) won gold medals in weightlifting competitions on September 19 and 21, 1988, respectively. Both were stripped of their medals and suspended for two years on September 23 after they tested positive for furosemide.
On September 24, the leadership of the Bulgarian weightlifting team withdrew from the competition athletes who had not yet competed, and the Bulgarian weightlifting team left Seoul.
September 22, the Hungarian weightlifter Kalman Chengeri took fourth place in the category up to 75 kg. On September 25 in Seoul, he was caught doping and disqualified for using testosterone. On September 26, another Hungarian weightlifter, Andro Shanyi, won silver in the 100 kg category, but on September 28 he returned the medal, as he was convicted of using stanozolol. On September 29, the Hungarian weightlifting team in full strength withdrew from the competition.
GDR athletes in Seoul performed very successfully, ahead of the US team. According to experts, in athletics, rowing and canoeing, as well as in swimming, the athletes of the GDR had to win another 6-8 medals. A number of experts attribute this disruption to the fact that GDR athletes were forced to violate the system of pharmacological support for training, fearing doping control, which at the Games in Seoul was carried out much more effectively than at all previous competitions.
The doping problem at the Games in Seoul has come to the fore among the problems of modern Olympic sports.
By all accounts, the Seoul Olympics weren't very successful for the US Olympians. However, there was an athlete on the US Olympic team who was unanimously recognized as the hero of the Games in Seoul. That athlete was Florence Griffith-Joyner.
Flo-Jo (the so-called runner) is one of eleven children in the family of an electrician and a teacher. Psychologist graduate Florence Griffith-Joyner was for the time being considered just a good sprinter. However, in the 1988 Olympic season, truly amazing metamorphoses began to occur to her. Griffith-Joyner set a world record of 10.49 seconds in the quarterfinals of the 100m at the US Championships in Indianapolis, where she qualified for the Seoul Olympics. She improved the previous achievement of compatriot Evelyn Ashford immediately by 0.3 seconds - in the sprint, this is just a huge jump.
In Indianapolis, Flo-Jo first appeared in front of everyone in a shocking outfit - a purple jumpsuit covering only one right leg. So, along with a phenomenal career in sports, her career as an extravagant supermodel began. The magazines "People", "Life", "Vogue" tore apart the phone of Florence's personal photographer. Painted in the colors of the national flag, 11-centimeter gold-plated nails, gorgeous makeup, streamlined "aerospace" suits, a white-toothed smile, a cascade of flowing black hair that the runner always let down before running - all this made Flo-Jo a favorite subject of photojournalists and sports fashion trendsetter.
At the Seoul Olympics, Griffith-Joyner won three gold medals in the 100m and 200m, in the 4x100m relay. There she also broke the world record in the 200m (21.34 seconds), improving the record of the German Marita Koch by 0, 37 sec.
triple Olympic champion In athletics, Olga Bryzgina from Lugansk is the only Soviet athlete who managed to overtake Florence Griffith-Joyner. It happened just at the Olympic Games in Seoul, during the final race in the 4x400 meters relay at the Olympic Games in Seoul (then the USSR team defeated the Americans). "In Seoul, we sincerely admired the talent of the American star Florence Griffith-Joyner," recalled Olga Bryzgina. “We wondered where she got so much strength from, is it possible? Griffith-Joyner at first was not going to participate in the 4x400 meters relay. treadmill) learned that Florence was running again. Oh, and I was nervous then, there was something to be afraid of, my soul went right into my heels. After all, I had to compete with an experienced American on the most important final section of the distance. "
Five minutes before the start, Florence appeared before the public - so extravagant, with long six-inch nails, in a bright tight-fitting jumpsuit ... Soviet athletes against her background, they looked quite modest.
The Americans, I must say, have always arranged a real show from their exit to the start. People crowded around Florence, all the reporters were spinning only around her ...
The world records set by Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 seemed so incredible and fantastic that many had suspicions that she was using anabolic steroids. Repeated doping tests of the runner disproved these speculations. Nevertheless, many experts, when mentioning the name Florence, said something like this: "You can talk as much as you like about the talent of an athlete, but her rapid progress is incredible. And her muscular development before the Olympics in Seoul is above all human norms."
"I have never used and do not recommend doping to anyone. My results and very developed muscles are the result of stubborn special training under the guidance of her husband,” Florence Griffith-Joyner always claimed in response to insulting hints. However, when the International Olympic Committee launched an active anti-doping campaign after the incident with Ben Johnson (who was disqualified at the Seoul Olympics) and announced a sharp increase doping tests, Florence Griffith-Joyner suddenly announced the end of sports career. Meanwhile, her husband Al Joyner (the winner of the "gold" of the 84 Olympics in Los Angeles in the triple jump) remained in the sport and was caught doping ...
Her first Olympics was in 1984 in Los Angeles, where she won the silver medal in the 200m. In 1987, at the World Championships in Rome, she came second in the 200m. sports.
After leaving the treadmill, Griffith-Joyner became a member of the American Presidential Council on Physical Education and Sports. In addition, she took up modeling clothes, worked with children and wrote books about sports. On the eve of the Atlanta Olympics, Florence shocked everyone with a message that she intended to return to athletics. But shortly before the Games, she suffered a heart attack right on the plane during a flight to a charity evening. Then Florence was kept in the hospital for a day. The second attack, on September 21, 1998, ended in the death of an athlete at the age of 39.
In the list of world track and field records there are many achievements "with a beard". But Flo's records are considered one of the most mystical and incredible results that female body. Since Florence Griffith-Joyner set world records, two generations of outstanding runners have been replaced, but these achievements have never been subdued to anyone. These records seem immortal to a person far from sports.
There are no uninteresting competitions at the Olympic Games. In each of the sports, in any of the numbers of the program, there are events that leave no one indifferent. Nevertheless, the athletics tournament was and remains the main event at the Games. This is a kind of core around which the life of the Olympics goes. US athletes were ahead of everyone in the number of gold medals won - 13. Soviet athletes received 10 awards.
Outstanding American Athlete, Hero last Olympics, Carl Lewis was the best in the 100 m race and in the long jump, he was awarded a silver medal for winning the 200 m. In the 4x100 m relay, the USSR team got the gold.
At these Games, a kind of record was registered in the women's Olympic sport: Swedish fencer Kerstin Palm took part in the Olympic tournament for the seventh time since 1964.
But the most amazing achievement of Seoul - on account of the cyclist from the GDR Christa Luding-Rothenburger, who won the "silver" in the women's sprint. The uniqueness of this silver medal lies in the fact that Krista became the first athlete in history to win medals at both the Winter and Summer Olympics! At the 1988 Calgary Olympics, she won a gold medal in speed skating.
One of the biggest losers of the Seoul Olympics was the American boxer Roy Jones. On October 2, 1988, the 19-year-old boxer met in the final fight in the category up to 71 kg with the South Korean boxer Park Si Hoon. In the duel, Jones had a clear advantage and even knocked down his opponent. By the end of the fight, the ratio of blows reached 86:32 in favor of the American. Despite this, the judges by three votes to two awarded the victory to the Korean athlete. During the announcement of the decision of the judges, the beaten winner could hardly keep himself in vertical position. The American delegation filed a protest, but the decision of the judges was not changed.
Instead of a gold medal, Roy Jones received International Association amateur boxing prize of Val Barker and the title of the most outstanding boxer of the Games in Seoul. This unofficial prize is awarded at every Olympics, but until 1988 it was usually won by Olympic champion. In November 1988, three judges from Uganda, Uruguay and Morocco, who gave the victory to the Korean, were disqualified for two years for biased refereeing. In 1996, it was proven that these arbitrators received bribes from members of the Korean delegation.
Since the Barcelona Olympics in 1992, the rules for scoring in boxing have changed. If earlier the judges recorded the scores on pieces of paper that were given to the referee at the end of the fight, now they press the computer button immediately after the blow that the boxer delivered. A point is entered into the computer system if three out of five judges have pressed the button. On September 9, 1997, in Lausanne, Switzerland, Roy Jones was awarded the Silver Olympic Order in recognition of his services to Olympic Movement. The decision to award the medals was never revised.
The national team of the Soviet Union won a convincing victory in Seoul (55 gold, 31 silver and 46 bronze medals).
Athletes of the GDR, for the second time (the first time at the 1976 Games), managed to get ahead of the US team: 636 points and 102 medals - 37 gold, 35 silver, 30 bronze. They achieved the greatest success in swimming (we have already talked about this) - 11 gold medals, in rowing - 8, in athletics - 6.
As for the US Olympians, the Seoul Olympics were not very successful for them. They were only in third place with 632 points and 92 medals - 36 gold, 31 silver, 25 bronze. They were most successful in athletics - 13 gold medals, and swimming - 8 gold medals. They also performed successfully in boxing, having managed to win in three weight categories. In diving, freestyle wrestling, tennis, kayaking and canoeing, American athletes received two gold medals each. The most successful in the US team was M. Biondi (we have already talked about this), who won 5 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze medals.
The sensation of the Games of the Olympiad was the performance of the hosts of the Olympiad, athletes of the Republic of Korea, who received 12 gold medals - the 4th result, and outstripped the teams of Germany, Great Britain, China, Bulgaria, Hungary in this indicator. Olympians of the Republic of Korea managed to win 3 gold medals in archery, 2 in judo, boxing and table tennis, 1 each - in freestyle and classical wrestling.
The famous Soviet swimmer Vladimir Salnikov celebrates his 50th birthday on Friday.
Vladimir Valeryevich Salnikov was born on May 21, 1960 in Leningrad. His father - Valery Vladimirovich - was a captain-mentor on timber carriers. Mother - Valentina Mikhailovna - worked as a design engineer at the Leningrad association "Red Dawn".
At the age of seven, Vladimir was enrolled in the pool Sports Club Army (SKA) in the subscription group for beginners. Here the coach Gleb Petrov noticed him and began to work with him. Under his leadership, Salnikov received the title of candidate master of sports. At the USSR Championship, the young athlete took third place, and in 1976 he was already in the team at the Olympics in Montreal.
The leaders of the team at that time did not assign high hopes for a 16-year-old boy who, unexpectedly for everyone, got into the final and turned out to be the first stayer swimmer to achieve such results at such a high level.
In 1977, at the European Championships in the Swedish city of Jönköping, Salnikov became a prize-winner, and in the fall of that year, at a meeting of athletes from the USSR and the USA in Leningrad, he set a world record at a distance of 800 meters. Several times losing the palm to the American athlete Brian Goodell, the Russian swimmer promised himself to win against a strong opponent.
They met again at the 1978 World Championships in West Berlin. Here, the young swimmer set a new European record in the 1500-meter distance, and this time Goodell competed in the relay. At the XXII Olympic Games, Vladimir was ready to fight Goodell, but the Americans did not come to Moscow. This circumstance did not prevent the athlete from swimming a distance of 1500 meters in a record 14:58.27 minutes, which made him the hero of the Olympics. Salnikov became the first swimmer in the history of sports to overcome 1500 meters in less than 15 minutes.
In August 1982, the swimmer again became the champion at the world championship in Guayaquil (Ecuador), finishing first at distances of 400 and 1500 meters.
In February 1983, at the USSR Championship, he again sets world records at distances of 400 and 1500 meters.
Due to the boycott, the athlete was forced to miss the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. After that, he could only participate in the alternative competitions "Friendship-84", where the swimmer again showed excellent results. After that, at a meeting of the presidium of the Swimming Federation, it was decided that Salnikov's sports career should end, and he would not go to Seoul for the 1988 Olympics. The athlete himself believed that he had even greater reserves.
He was supported by his wife Marina, who was considered an excellent specialist in biomedical problems. Master of Sports of the USSR in athletics, a former champion of the USSR in the 200 meters, she had experience working with the USSR national athletics team, and later with the national swimming team as a biochemist. She became her husband a trainer, doctor and massage therapist.
In addition, his father-in-law, who at that moment was the head of the Center, played a big role in the preparation of Salnikov. Olympic training, which included one of the strongest biophysical laboratories specializing in elite sports at the service of Vladimir.
In 1986, the first success of joint work came - a world record at the first Goodwill Games. Two last season before the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Salnikov fell into a period of illness and other setbacks, winning practically nothing at major international competitions, although he remained invincible in the USSR. However, at the Olympic Games in Seoul, the 28-year-old swimmer showed the best world results in 1988, beating his young strong rivals.
During his sports career, Vladimir Salnikov covered a distance equal to the length of the equator. From 1977 to 1986, he did not lose a single start in the world at a distance of 1500 meters freestyle. The world record, set by the athlete in 1983, lasted eight years, and the European record - from 1983 to 2000. Another highest achievement - the USSR record at a distance of 1500 meters freestyle, set by Salnikov in 1983, has not been beaten to this day. Vladimir Salnikov became a four-time world champion, a five-time European champion.
For outstanding sports achivments Vladimir Salnikov was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1985), the Order of the October Revolution (1988), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1980). In 1980 he was awarded a special prize International Federation swimming (FINA), in 1983 he was included in the International Swimming Gallery of Fame (Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA), in 1986 he was awarded the International Gagarin Prize. In 1979, 1980 and 1983, according to polls by the American magazine "World of Swimming", he was recognized as the best swimmer in the world. In 2001, the International Swimming Hall of Fame in Fort Lauderdale (Florida, USA) included him among the best swimmers of the planet of the 20th century.
In 1982 Salnikov graduated from the State Central Institute of the Order of Lenin physical education, in 1988 - graduate school, worked as a coach for a group of coaches and athletes of the Sports Committee of the Ministry of Defense (1982-1986), then coached the CSKA swimming team (1986-1988).
After the triumph in Seoul, Salnikov was approved as the head coach of the USSR national swimming team (1989-1990), but soon left this position.
In 1989-1991, Salnikov was Vice-President of the USSR Swimming Federation, in 1991-2001 - Deputy CEO MIP "Olympus". Was a member Olympic Committee USSR (1984-1990), member of the commission of athletes of the International Swimming Federation (FINA) (1991-2000).
Since 1996, he became an honorary member of the Russian Golf Association, was engaged in business: he was the general representative in Russia of the Speedo company, led the creation of the first Moscow water park.
In November 2009, Vladimir Salnikov was appointed Acting President All-Russian Federation Swimming (WFTU), in February 2010 he was elected President of the WFTU.
Vladimir Salnikov has a son, Vladimir, born in 1988.
Salnikov is fond of tennis, golf, skiing, windsurfing, scuba diving.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
By many parameters the number of participating countries, athletes, coaches, officials and media representatives over 20,000 people played awards 237 sets of medals, the number of security services more than 120 thousand people, and, finally, in terms of the number of viewers who watched competitions over 3 billion people in 139 countries, The Games in Seoul were a record.
A convincing victory was won by the Soviet Union team, which won 55 gold, 31 silver and 46 bronze medals, leaving behind the teams of the GDR and the USA.
The title of the strongest gymnasts on the planet was confirmed by Soviet athletes Elena Shushunova and Vladimir Artemov. They were supported by teammates 11 gold medals out of 14 went to Soviet athletes.
Sports longevity was demonstrated by Vladimir Salnikov, again, like 8 years ago in Moscow, he won a victory in swimming.
After a 32-year break, gold medals in football went to the USSR national team,
In the final, the team coached by Anatoly Byshovets defeated Brazil 2:1. Goals against the opponents were scored by Igor Dobrovolsky and Yuri Savichev. The Brazilian included future world champions Bebeto and Taffarel.
After a 16-year break, Soviet basketball players again climbed to the highest step of the podium.
They were led to victory by the honored coach Alexander Gomelsky, “Papa”.
In a tense final match with the Peru national team, Soviet volleyball players also pulled out a victory.
GDR athletes, as in the 1976 Games, again managed to get ahead of the US team: 102 medals 37 gold, 35 silver, 30 bronze. They achieved the greatest success in swimming 11 gold medals, in rowing 8, in track and field athletics 6. Among the heroes of the Olympics is Christina Otto from East Germany, who won 6 gold medals in swimming.
This is a kind of record for women's Olympic sports.
According to experts, in athletics, rowing and canoeing, as well as in swimming, the athletes of the GDR should have won another 6-8 medals. A number of experts attribute this disruption to the fact that GDR athletes were forced to violate the system of pharmacological support for training, fearing doping control, which at the Games in Seoul was carried out much more effectively than at all previous competitions.
Here is one of the most famous cases with doping. On September 24, 1988, at the Seoul Olympic Stadium, Ben Johnson, a 26-year-old Jamaican with a Canadian passport, stuns the world with a 100m time of 9.79 seconds. To the title of world champion, he adds the title of Olympic winner and world record holder. Two days later, the same sports world is stunned by another news: Johnson was caught doping, deprived of Olympic gold, and at the same time two of his world records.
The Canadian himself still assures everyone that he is not guilty, and envious competitors from the USA are to blame for everything. But in the early 90s, Johnson was again caught doping and this time banned for life.
On October 1, 1988, in Olympic Seoul, 29-year-old Los Angeles runner Florence Griffith-Joyner won her third gold medal at these Games and was proclaimed the "queen of the sprint." The owner of long painted nails did not allow anyone to overtake her in the 100-meter race (10.54 - an unaccounted world record due to the tailwind exceeding the norm), at twice the distance (21.34 - the world record) and in the 4 x 100 meters relay. In an attempt to win a fourth gold medal, she also participated in the 4 x 400 meters relay, but achieved only silver (the USSR team became the first).
Griffith-Joyner has not escaped allegations of doping. On September 21, 1998, she died suddenly at the age of 39, and her enemies attribute this to the fact that she used illicit drugs unknown at that time.
At the Games in Seoul, a kind of record was registered in women's Olympic sports: a fencer from Sweden, Kerstin Palm, took part in the Olympic tournament for the seventh time since 1964.
ALL MEDALS OF THE USSR TEAM AT THE GAMES-1988
Gold medals (55)
Igor Dobrovolsky, Sergey Gorlukovich, Alexander Borodyuk, Gela Ketashvili, Viktor Losev, Evgeny Kuznetsov, Vladimir Lyuty, Arminas Narbekovas, Alexey Mikhailichenko, Igor Ponomarev, Oleg Protasov, Yuri Savichev, Igor Sklyarov, Vladimir Tatarchuk, Dmitry Kharin, Sergey Fokin, Alexey Cherednik , Arvydas Janonis, Evgeny Yarovenko (football)
Vladimir Aptsiauri, Anvar Ibragimov, Boris Koretsky, Ilgar Mammadov, Alexander Romankov (fencing, foil, team championship)
Oksen Mirzoyan (weightlifting, category up to 56 kg)
Israil Arsamaskov (weightlifting, category up to 82.5 kg)
Anatoly Khrapaty (weightlifting, category up to 90 kg)
Pavel Kuznetsov (weightlifting, category up to 100 kg)
Yuri Zakharevich (weightlifting, category up to 110 kg)
Alexander Kurlovich (weightlifting, category over 110 kg)
Afanasy Kuzmin (shooting, small-caliber self-loading pistol)
Dmitry Monakov (shooting, trench stand)
Nino Sulakvadze (shooting, sports pistol)
Irina Shilova (shooting, air rifle)
Vladimir Salnikov (swimming, 1500 m, freestyle)
Igor Polyansky (swimming, 100m, backstroke)
Viktor Bryzgin, Vladimir Krylov, Vladimir Muravyov, Vitaly Savin ( Athletics, relay race 4x100 m)
Vyacheslav Ivanenko (athletics, walking 50 km)
Gennady Avdeenko (athletics, high jump)
Sergey Bubka (athletics, pole vault)
Sergei Litvinov (athletics, hammer throw)
Olga Bryzgina (athletics, 400 m run)
Tatyana Samoylenko (athletics, 3000 m run)
Olga Bondarenko (athletics, 10,000 m run)
Tatyana Ledovskaya, Olga Bryzgina, Olga Nazarova, Maria Pinigina (athletics, 4x400m relay)
Natalia Lisovskaya (athletics, shot put)
Victor Reneisky, Nikolay Zhuravsky (rowing and canoeing, canoe-deuce, 500 m)
Klementiev Ivan (kayaking and canoeing, single canoe, 1000 m)
Victor Reneisky, Nikolay Zhuravsky (kayak and canoe rowing, double canoe, 1000 m)
Marina Lobach (rhythmic gymnastics, all-around, individual championship)
Vladimir Artemov (gymnastics, all-around, individual championship)
Dmitry Bilozerchev, Vladimir Gogoladze, Vladimir Artemov, Valery Liukin, Vladimir Novikov, Sergey Kharkov (gymnastics, all-around, team championship)
Sergey Kharkov (gymnastics, floor exercises)
Dmitry Bilozerchev (gymnastics, horse)
Dmitry Bilozerchev (gymnastics, rings)
Vladimir Artemov (gymnastics, uneven bars)
Vladimir Artemov (gymnastics, crossbar)
Valery Liukin (gymnastics, crossbar)
Elena Shushunova (gymnastics, all-around, individual championship)
Svetlana Baitova, Svetlana Boginskaya, Natalya Laschenova, Olga Strazheva, Elena Shevchenko, Elena Shushunova (gymnastics, all-around, team championship)
Svetlana Boginskaya (gymnastics, vault)
Mikhail Vasilyev, Valery Gopin, Vyacheslav Atavin, Andrey Lavrov, Alexander Karshakevich, Yuri Nesterov, Waldemar Novitsky, Georgy Sviridenko, Alexander Tuchkin, Andrey Tyumentsev, Alexander Rymanov, Igor Chumak, Yuri Shevtsov, Konstantin Sharovarov (handball)
Elena Volkova, Svetlana Korytova, Marina Kumysh, Tatiana Krainova, Olga Krivosheeva, Valentina Ogienko, Irina Parkhomchuk, Elena Ovchinnikova, Marina Nikulina, Tatiana Sidorenko, Irina Smirnova, Olga Shkurnova (volleyball)
Erika Salumäe (cycling, 1000 m sprint)
Vyacheslav Ekimov, Arturas Kaspustis, Dmitry Nelyubin, Gintautas Umaras (cycling, 4000 m pursuit, team championship)
Gintautas Umaras (cycling, 4000m pursuit, individual)
Alexander Kirichenko (cycling, round 1000 m)
Alexander Karelin (Greco-Roman wrestling, category up to 130 kg)
Mikhail Mamiashvili (Greco-Roman wrestling, category up to 82 kg)
Levon Julfalakyan (Greco-Roman wrestling, category up to 68 kg)
Kamandar Majidov (Greco-Roman wrestling, category up to 62 kg)
David Gobejiashvili (freestyle wrestling, category up to 130 kg)
Maharbek Khadartsev (freestyle wrestling, category up to 90 kg)
Arsen Fadzaev (freestyle wrestling, category up to 68 kg)
Sergey Beloglazov (freestyle wrestling, category up to 57 kg)
Vyacheslav Yanovsky (boxing, category up to 63, 5 kg)
Alexander Belostenny, Valery Goborov, Alexander Volkov, Rimas Kurtinaitis, Viktor Pankrashkin, Sarunas Marciulionis, Igors Miglinieks, Arvydas Sabonis, Tiit Sokk, Sergey Tarakanov, Valery Tikhonenko, Voldemaras Chomicius (basketball)
Silver medals (31)
Andrey Alshan, Mikhail Burtsev, Sergey Koryakin, Sergey Mindirgasov, Sergey Pogosov (fencing, saber, team championship)
Israil Militosyan (weightlifting, category up to 67.5 kg)
Nail Mukhamedyarov (weightlifting, category up to 90 kg)
Nino Sulakvadze (shooting, air pistol)
Gennady Prigoda, Nikolai Evseev, Yuri Bashkatov, Vladimir Tkachenko (swimming, 4x100m relay, freestyle)
Elena Dendeberova (swimming, 200m individual medley)
Toomas Tõniste, Tõnu Tõniste ( sailing, class "470")
Rodion Gataullin (athletics, pole vault)
Igor Lapshin (athletics, triple jump)
Romas Ubartas (athletics, discus throw)
Yuri Sedykh (athletics, hammer throw)
Lailuta Baikuskaite (athletics, 1500m run)
Tatiana Ledovskaya (athletics, 400m hurdles)
Vladimir Shestakov (judo, category up to 86 kg)
Igor Nagaev, Viktor Denisov (rowing and canoeing, double kayak, 500 m)
Alexander Motuzenko, Viktor Denisov, Sergey Kirsanov, Igor Nagaev (rowing and canoeing, four-man kayak, 1000 m)
Slivinsky Mikhail (rowing and canoeing, single canoe, 500 m)
Irina Kelembet, Antonina Dumcheva, Svetlana Maziy, Inna Frolova (rowing, quadruple sculls)
Veniamin But, Andrey Vasiliev, Victor Diduk, Alexander Dumchev, Pavel Gurkovsky, Nikolai Komarov, Alexander Lukyanov, Viktor Omelyanovich, Vasily Tikhonov (rowing, eight)
Georgy Pogosov (fencing, saber, team championship)
Valery Liukin (gymnastics, all-around, individual championship)
Vladimir Artemov (gymnastics, floor exercises)
Valery Liukin (gymnastics, uneven bars)
Svetlana Boginskaya (gymnastics, floor exercises)
Elena Shushunova (gymnastics, balance beam)
Raymond Wilde, Yaroslav Antonov, Vyacheslav Zaitsev, Valery Losev, Andrey Kuznetsov, Evgeny Krasilnikov, Yuri Panchenko, Yuri Sapega, Andrey Sorokalet, Igor Runov, Yuri Cherednik, Vladimir Shkurikhin (volleyball)
Nikolay Kovsh (cycling, 1000 m sprint race)
Daulet Turlykhanov (Greco-Roman wrestling, category up to 74 kg)
Leri Khabelov (freestyle wrestling, category up to 100 kg)
Adlan Varaev (freestyle wrestling, category up to 74 kg)
Stepan Sargsyan (freestyle wrestling, category up to 62 kg)
Nurmagomed Shanavazov (boxing, category up to 81 kg)
Bronze medals (46)
Alexander Romankov (fencing, foil, individual championship)
Andrey Shuvalov (fencing, epee, individual championship)
Pavel Kolobkov, Igor Tikhomirov, Mikhail Tishko, Vladimir Reznichenko, Andrey Shuvalov (fencing, epee, team championship)
Vladimir Yesheev (archery, individual championship)
Igor Basinsky (shooting, free pistol)
Kirill Ivanov (shooting, small-caliber rifle)
Gennady Avramenko (shooting, small-caliber rifle at the "running boar")
Valentina Cherkasova (shooting, small-caliber rifle)
Anna Malukhina (shooting, air rifle)
Marina Dobrancheva (shooting, air pistol)
Vakhtang Yagorashvili ( modern pentathlon, individual championship)
Gennady Prigoda (swimming, 50m freestyle)
Dmitry Volkov (swimming, 100m, breaststroke)
Vadim Yaroshchuk (swimming, 200m individual medley)
Igor Polyansky, Dmitry Volkov, Gennady Prigoda, Vadim Yaroshchuk (swimming, 4x100m medley relay)
Larisa Moskalenko, Irina Chunikhovskaya (sailing, class 470)
Rudolf Povarnitsyn (athletics, high jump)
Grigory Egorov (athletics, pole vault)
Alexander Kovalenko (athletics, triple jump)
Jüri Tamm (athletics, hammer throw)
Olga Nazarova (athletics, 400 m run)
Lailuta Baykauskaite (athletics, 400 m run)
Elena Zhupieva (athletics, 10,000 m run)
Tatiana Samoylenko (athletics, 1500m run)
Lyudmila Kondratyeva, Galina Malchugina, Natalia Pomoshchnikova, Marina Zhirova (track and field, 4x100m relay)
Tamara Bykova (athletics, high jump)
Galina Chistyakova (athletics, long jump)
Grigory Verichev (judo, category over 95 kg)
Amiran Totikashvili (judo, category up to 60 kg)
Giorgi Tenadze (judo, category up to 71 kg)
Bashir Varaev (judo, category up to 78 kg)
Alexander Marchenko, Vasily Yakusha (rowing, double sculls)
Alexandra Timoshenko (rhythmic gymnastics, all-around, individual championship)
Dmitry Bilozerchev (gymnastics, all-around, individual championship)
Svetlana Boginskaya (gymnastics, all-around, individual championship)
Elena Shushunova (gymnastics, uneven bars)
Marina Bazanova, Natalia Anisimova, Tatiana Gorb, Elena Guseva, Tatiana Dzhandzhgava, Natalya Lapitskaya, Larisa Karlova, Elena Nemashkalo, Svetlana Mankova, Natalya Mitryuk, Natalya Morskova, Olga Semenova, Evgeniya Tovstogan, Zinaida Turchina, Natalya Rusnachenko (handball)
Mikhail Georgadze, Victor Berendyuga, Dmitry Apanasenko, Evgeny Grishin, Mikhail Ivanov, Alexander Kolotov, Sergey Kotenko, Nurlan Mendigaliev, Sergey Naumov, Sergey Markoch, Georgy Mshvenieradze, Nikolai Smirnov, Evgeny Sharonov (water polo)
Laima Zilporite (cycling, group road race)
Marat Ganeev (cycling, group race on the track)
Vladimir Popov (Greco-Roman wrestling, category up to 90 kg)
Vladimir Toguzov (freestyle wrestling, category up to 52 kg)
Sergey Karamchakov (freestyle wrestling, category up to 48 kg)
Alexander Miroshnichenko (boxing, category over 91 kg)
Timofey Scriabin (boxing, category up to 51 kg)
Olga Evkova, Olesya Barel, Irina Gerlitz, Olga Buryakina, Natalya Zasulskaya, Alexandra Leonova, Irina Minkh, Galina Savitskaya, Irina Sumnikova, Elena Khudashova, Vitalia Tuomaite, Olga Yakovleva (basketball)
Vladimir Salnikov
(Born in 1960)
Soviet swimmer. Games Champion XXII Olympiad in Moscow (USSR), 1980. Champion of the Games of the XXIV Olympiad in Seoul ( South Korea), 1988
Vladimir Salnikov won his main victory in 1988 at the Seoul Olympics. And not only over rivals on water path. Together with them, Salnikov defeated his sports management, which did not believe in him, the scoffers who slandered his training methods, and - not least - defeated himself too.
Salnikov was born in St. Petersburg, which was then called Lenigrad. The path to big-time sports began for him from the SKA pool, where a seven-year-old boy was enrolled in a group for those who could not swim. A year later, he was noticed by the coach Gleb Petrov, under whose leadership at the age of 13 Salnikov became a candidate master. Further, as it often happens, chance intervened in his sporting fate.
Once another coach - Igor Koshkin - asked Petrov to "give way" to him Salnikov as a good sparring partner for his best student Sergei Rusin. Well, and then to three Olympic gold medals, to victories at the world and European championships, to world records, it was Salnikov who led Koshkin.
And in general sports fate Salnikova, in some ways, one must agree, is slightly reminiscent of the old Soviet film “Reserve Player” with a simple plot - an athlete who is on the sidelines turns out to be the best of the best in the end. But what to do if this is exactly what happened with Salnikov.
Salnikov is a stayer swimmer. His distances are 400 and 1500 meters. In relay races, however, it happened to swim shorter ones - 200 meters. In 1976, the 16-year-old Leningrader took third place in the national championship, and the team management risked taking him to the games of the XXI Olympiad in Montreal.
True, Salnikov's chances were regarded as minimal. The leaders of the team pinned their main hopes on experienced swimmers Valentin Parinov and Igor Kushpelev. At a distance of 400 meters freestyle Salnikov, in fact, took 19th place. But at a distance of 1500 meters, he unexpectedly made it to the final - by the way, the first of the Soviet swimmers-stayers at the Olympic Games. In the final, he finished fifth. American swimmer Brian Goodell became the Olympic champion at this distance with a world and Olympic record. He also won the 400 meters distance - again with a world and Olympic record.
It is unlikely that then Goodell remembered the young Soviet swimmer - especially since he did not compete with him. However, the full-time and correspondence competition between Goodell and Salnikov soon began, in which one or the other won.
After the Montreal Olympics, Salnikov's success went up. By 1977 he was already European champion. In the same year, at a meeting of athletes from the USA and the USSR in Leningrad, he set a world record at a distance of 800 meters. At the 1978 World Championships in West Berlin - new record Europe at a distance of 1500 meters.
The face-to-face rivalry between Salnikov and Goodell at the games of the XXII Olympiad in 1980 seemed very interesting. But the US athletes, as you know, did not come to Moscow. Nevertheless, at a distance of 1500 meters, Salnikov set a world and Olympic record - 14 minutes 58.27 seconds. And the Olympic record at a distance of 400 meters - 3 minutes 51.31 seconds.
A third was added to two Olympic gold medals for victories at these distances - Vladimir Salnikov participated in the final of the 4,200-meter freestyle relay, where Soviet swimmers also won.
Salnikov prepared very seriously for the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Showed excellent results. In 1981, in Rome, he once again became the European champion - in the same three events for which he received gold medals. Olympic medals. In 1982, at the World Championships in Ecuador, he won the 400 and 1500 meters. In 1983, at the winter championship of the USSR, he again improved his own records at these distances. These were already the 18th and 19th of the world records set by Salnikov.
However, Salnikov did not go to the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. The decision of the Soviet leadership to respond to a boycott of a boycott for many "age" athletes was a tragedy - there were still four years left until the next Olympic Games in Seoul. This meant that many had to say goodbye to the dream of participating in the new Olympics.
The age of a champion swimmer is short. By the Seoul Olympics, Salnikov was supposed to turn 28 years old, and, according to the sports leadership, it was not worth counting on his new victories.
This was announced to Salnikov in 1985 by Igor Koshkin, who by that time had become the head coach of the USSR national team. He was probably sincerely convinced of this. The Swimming Federation of the USSR was of the same opinion.
Then Salnikov did what was least expected of him - he began to train under the guidance of his wife Marina, a specialist in biomedical problems. For some time she worked in the scientific group of sprinters of the USSR national athletics team, and then with the national swimming team. When the time came, Marina became both a coach, a doctor, and a massage therapist for her husband.
It was then that the time came for ridicule and sneer, all this Salnikov had to experience to the fullest. He also knew, of course, that his old rivals no longer took him into account.
It's time to go to Seoul, to the games of the XIV Olympiad. The decision to participate in them or not, the leadership of the Olympic team, given his previous merits, was left to Salnikov himself. Many hoped that he would come to his senses and go to Seoul as a tourist.
And he decided to perform - at his crown distance of 1500 meters freestyle.
The preliminary swim took place on September 24, 1988. What happened during it, and then in the final swim, of course, no one could tell better than Vladimir Salnikov himself:
“I“ caught a shot ”, did not stay too long on the pedestal. Fully controlled the course of the swim. Worked a mile. Along the way, I nuanced the stroke technique, the well-being allowed this too. Before that, he took care of himself that several “hundreds” passed without control on the scoreboard. When I woke up and looked up, I did not believe it: I was swimming too fast. I need to slow down, otherwise I won’t have time to restore my strength for the final. It was a poor success, which had never happened before in my practice: I couldn’t slow down in any way!
And here is the finish line. 15 minutes 07.83 seconds! Faster than in the preliminary heat of the Games-80.
It seems that my result for both rivals and coaches thundered by no means local importance. I admit that they were “stunned”, not knowing at what limit I forced myself to perform in this way in the preliminary swim. As soon as he got out of the water, a wave of congratulations flooded in. Athletes, coaches, fans, my yesterday's and today's rivals - all wished for success. Of course, it was nice, but I had to urgently force myself to squeeze into an anti-emotional corset. Too much was at stake. Almost all of my sporting destiny is 20 years devoted to swimming. Back in Moscow, I decided: the Olympic start in Seoul would be the last in my biography of an active athlete. I really wanted to leave with dignity, and in those minutes, 36 hours before the final, I was preparing myself for the fight.
They announced our exit. The noise is incredible. But I didn't hear any applause or anything else. The brain blocked everything that could distract.
So, my old friend Yugoslav Petrich is sailing along the 1st lane; on the 2nd - the young Pole Podkoshelny; on the 3rd - Pfeiffer; on the 4th - Tsetlinsky; on the 5th - I; on the 6th - Dassler; on the 7th - Henkel; on the 8th - the Englishman Boyt. I feel my pulse rise. I try my best to keep calm.
Saves the start. I feel the pleasant freshness of the water. The first thought is just not to become more frequent, to keep the clarity of perception of what is happening. The main tasks are the optimal tactics for passing the distance, and the most economical technique, so that there is enough strength for the entire one and a half kilometers, absolute control, everything that has been practiced many times in training. I didn't think about winning. I didn't really think about what position I would take. I knew that I would give all my strength, all of myself in this swim, the decisive swim of my whole life.
As expected, Tsetlinski went ahead from the very first meters of the distance. I skipped it half a length forward, I save short distance to immediately react if he makes a dash. Dassler is a little behind.
Behind 500 meters distance. Feel the speed. I check myself on the electronic scoreboard, there are no discrepancies. Even the turns - my Achilles' heel - are still working out just right.
After 600 meters I start to "get" Matt Zetlinski. He rests, does not want to give up positions. I understand him. I've been in this situation so many times I can't remember. They are psychologically difficult to survive. Some bare wires close in the brain, and you, breaking tactics and technique, cut yourself to death. And you completely forget what else to swim and swim! And in the end you "kill" yourself. But it is important for me to break away from the pursuers as far as possible. I don't know how many meters of this race Matt can handle.
700 meters. I win quite a bit. Have you overestimated yourself? It's hard for me. I know, Zetlinski is a hundred times heavier. It breaks down and starts to slowly fall behind.
After 900 meters I continue to increase my speed and see how the American is losing. The body of advantage is just the beginning. Lost sight of Pfeiffer. I don't hear Dassler. He is somewhere behind, but he has his own plan. I'm starting to feel tired. Now - increased attention technique. There comes a moment when more relaxation is needed: either in the stroke itself, or in the carrying of the arms.
Stefan Pfeiffer picks up Zetlinski. Chasing me didn't go unnoticed for Matt, which was to be expected.
1000 meters. Nerves right hand as if naked. I feel every cell. This is the first call to the fact that a terrible fatigue will soon fall. We must hurry. A gap of two lengths from Pfeiffer, of course, is not bad, but will it be enough? If at the finish line Stefan or Uwe Dassler are in close proximity, then my chances will be equal to zero. These guys have an order of magnitude higher speed reserve, and, of course, they will use it without hesitation. The main thing is not to give them this chance.
1300 meters. Began. Kettlebells were tied to the legs and arms. This is no longer swimming - this is plowing virgin soil. The critical point is coming soon. If only the body did not fail. I start to lose on corners. Fatigue fell like a southern night - it instantly becomes dark. I tell myself: technique, technique, technique. I change the trajectory of the carrying of the hands and their movement in the water. I focus the load on one muscle group, then on the other. Helps. The weight of the weights is reduced. Too bad not for long. I don’t hear or see anything around - no stands, no pursuers. Although I remember that Pfeiffer is somewhere nearby. I wonder where Dassler is?
Somewhere in the middle of the penultimate 50-meter straight, I realized that I was dying. It was not even indifference, but stupefaction. I didn't have any muscles. None. Hands and feet worked on their own. But if this second they somehow acted, then the next they could stop working. What to do?
He didn’t think of anything else, as he dug his teeth into his lower lip. Didn't feel pain. But it got a little easier.
Last 50 meters. I didn’t see it, but with some sixth sense I felt how Stefan Pfeiffer was approaching inexorably and how Uwe Dassler turned on his famous jerk, rushing to the finish line like a torpedo. I reassured myself: if I don’t die, they won’t catch up with me. Today is my day! I don't remember the moment when I poked that very wall. But that I had to cling to it in order not to go to the bottom, I remembered very well. What happened after?
Everything else is like a blur. Although the brain, probably, understood that he had won. I didn’t even feel my hands when I tried to throw them up. An idiotic state: I raise my hands to greet the audience, but I don’t feel them, it seems that they are hanging with whips.
Pfeiffer swam up, Says something, shaking his head. It's hard to understand him. And suddenly it dawns on me that Stefan is trying to explain his amazement - how did all this happen? Only now the noise of the stands and the unanimous chanting burst into consciousness: “Salnikov! Salnikov! Salnikov! "
I'm starting to feel feelings. I can not say that they are all pure and blameless. Even a wave of such light gloating edged over. I suddenly remembered how they “buried” me. I wonder what my "well-wishers" are going through now? I won my most important swim, not 1500 meters long, but my entire sports life. And he was happy!
Two hours after the finale, an event occurred that, in my understanding, is worth all the gold in the world. When I entered the Olympic canteen, everyone who was in it - coaches, athletes - got up from the tables and applauded. It was this episode of the victorious for me Olympic day now comes to mind first. I hope I don't need to explain why?
On this day, Vladimir Salnikov became a four-time Olympic champion. But that wasn't even the point...
Very rare swimmers managed to become champions at two Olympics in a row. But Salnikov did this by missing one Olympics - he repeated his success not after four, but after eight years. No one else has been able to do this in the history of the Olympic Games.
After the triumph in Seoul, Vladimir Salnikov, as he promised himself, left big sport. For some time he coached the national swimming team. Over the years, he was a member of the USSR Olympic Committee, a member of the Athletes' Commission of the International Swimming Federation, and was involved in commercial projects.
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