On October 25, 1892, during the celebration of the fifth anniversary of the Union of French Societies of Athletic Sports in the great amphitheater of the Paris Sorbonne, Pierre de Coubertin officially announced for the first time that he was embarking on the direct implementation of the project to revive the Olympic Games "on principles that meet the needs of today." He convinced this authoritative Union to create an international forum for organizing the Olympic Games, as well as developing general requirements to their members. The preparation of such a world forum was entrusted to three commissioners, including Pierre de Coubertin. In the spring of 1893, he sent letters to many countries of the world, in which he wrote: “The revival of the Olympic Games on principles and conditions that would meet the needs of modern society will make it possible for representatives of all peoples of the world to meet every four years. We hope that these peaceful and noble competitions will be the best expression of the spirit of internationalism.”

The International Athletic Congress opened on June 16, 1894, and a week later, having decided to revive the Olympic Games, the congress delegates formed a permanent committee that was supposed to organize and hold the Games. This is how the IOC was created. Coubertin was elected its general secretary and the representative of Greece, Vikelas Demetrius, as president. April 10, 1896 V. Demetrius resigned, and Pierre de Coubertin was elected President of the IOC. The Congress approved the Olympic Charter and decided to hold the Olympic Games once every four years, establishing that their goal is "to strengthen brotherhood and peace among peoples." It was decided to hold the first Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens, the capital of Greece.

In August 1894, the XII Centenary Olympic Congress took place in Paris, which was called the "Congress of Unity".

Hard work was carried out for two years, and now a significant date in world sports has come - on April 6, 1896, at the Marble Stadium of the Greek capital, in the presence of 80,000 spectators, the opening of the first Olympic Games of our time was proclaimed. 295 athletes from 13 states came to the Games in Athens. The competition included nine sports. Athletes from 10 countries became champions, athletes from the USA were the most successful.

It is very important that from the first games, the IOC members did their best to revive not only the complex of competitions, but also, in the spirit of the Olympic Charter, to revive Olympism as a synthesis of sports, culture and art, high spirituality and morality. They were extremely interested in the moral, ethical, socio-pedagogical and educational aspects of Olympism. They were passionate promoters of the sport, physical education and ideas of Olympism. To this end, it was established that the Games be held in different cities and on different continents. So, exactly 1500 years later, the Olympic Games were restored.

More than 100 years have passed since then. During this time, the fire of the Summer Olympic Games was lit 24 times (three Olympics were not held during the World Wars). Most often, the Games were held on the European continent - 14, 6 - in the cities of America, 2 - in Asia and 2 - in Australia.

Since 1924, the Winter Olympic Games have been held, which have their own numbering. But the concept of "Olympiad" is reserved only for the Summer Games.

The venue for the Olympic Games is chosen democratically by the IOC. The right to organize them is granted to the city, not to the country. The duration of the Games is not more than 16 days ( Winter Games- no more than 10 days). The Olympic movement has its own emblem and flag, approved by the IOC at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913. The emblem is five intertwined rings of blue, black, red (top row), yellow and green (bottom row) colors, which symbolize the 5 continents united in the Olympic Movement. The motto of the Olympic Movement is Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger). The flag is a white canvas with the Olympic rings.

For a hundred years, the ritual of holding the Games has developed: lighting Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (the fire is lit from the sun's rays in Olympia and delivered by the torch relay of athletes to the host city of the Olympic Games); one of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Games are held, the Olympic oath on behalf of all participants in the Games; pronouncement on behalf of the judges of the oath of impartial refereeing; presentation of medals to the winners and prize-winners of competitions; raising the national flag of the country and performing national anthem in honor of the winners. Since 1932, the organizer of the Olympic Games has been building the so-called Olympic village for the participants in the Games. According to the Olympic Charter, the Games are a competition between individual athletes and not between national teams. However, since 1908, the so-called unofficial team classification has become widespread - determining the place occupied by teams by the number of medals received. At the same time, priority in establishing a command place is given to gold medals, and if they are equal, to silver and bronze medals.

With the development of the Olympic Movement, more and more countries are included in its orbit. Teams from 199 countries participated in the Games in Sydney. Increasingly enriched and sport program. At almost every Olympics, new sports appear in its program, and the number of games played increases accordingly. Olympic awards. At the games in Athens, 43 gold medals were awarded, and in Sydney there were already 300 sets of Olympic medals. The number of medals played has also increased due to the inclusion, starting from the second Olympic Games, of women in the Olympic starts. Over the past hundred years in Olympic Games about 140 and a half thousand athletes took part.

Today, the Olympic Games have become the largest sports holiday planets.

15. Legal status

1. The IOC is an international non-governmental organization not established for profit in the form of an association with legal personality recognized by decree of the Swiss Federal Council on 1 November 2000; its duration is not limited.

2. The IOC is permanently located in Lausanne (Switzerland), the Olympic capital.

3. The purpose of the IOC is to fulfill its mission, role and obligations as defined by the Olympic Charter.

4. The decisions of the IOC are final. Any dispute concerning their application or explanation may be decided exclusively by the IOC Executive Board and, in certain cases, by arbitration before the Court. sports arbitration(SAS).

5. In order to fulfill its mission and role, the IOC may establish, acquire or otherwise control other formal entities such as foundations or corporations.

16. Membership*

1 IOC picking-- the right to election, replenishment, election, recognition and status of members of the IOC.

1.1. Members of the IOC are natural persons. The total number of members of the IOC shall not exceed 115 as per Bye-Law to Rule 16. The IOC is composed of:

1.1.1 persons (constituting the majority of the IOC members) who do not hold a special position or position in the IOC in accordance with Bye-Law 16.2.2.5 to this Rule; their total number should not exceed 70 people. No more than one such IOC member may be elected from each country in accordance with Bye-Law to Rule 16;

1.1.2 Active Athletes in accordance with Bye-Law 16.2.2.2 to this Rule, the total number of which shall not exceed 15;

1.1.3 Presidents or persons holding executive or senior positions in IFs, associations of IFs or other organizations recognized by the IOC; their total number should not exceed 15 people;

1.1.4 Presidents or persons holding executive or senior positions in NOCs or in international or continental associations of NOCs; their total number should not exceed 15 people; no more than one such member of the IOC may be elected from each country.

1.2 The IOC recruits and elects its members from among suitably qualified persons in accordance with Bye-Law to Rule 16.

1.3 The IOC welcomes its new members during a ceremony in which they agree to carry out their duties by taking the following oath:

"Having the honor of being a member of the International Olympic Committee and declaring that I am aware of the responsibility of this title, I undertake to serve the Olympic Movement to the best of my ability, to observe and demand respect for all the provisions of the Olympic Charter and the decisions of the IOC, which I accept unconditionally; to follow the norms of the code of ethics; to remain free from all political or commercial influence, and from all considerations of a racial or religious nature; to fight against any form of discrimination and to protect in all circumstances the interests of the IOC and the Olympic Movement."

1.4 Members of the IOC represent and defend the interests of the IOC and the Olympic Movement in their respective countries and in the Olympic Movement affiliates of which they are employees.

1.5 Members of the IOC may not accept any instructions from the government, organizations or other persons that would bind them or interfere with their freedom of action or independence in voting.

1.6 Members of the IOC shall not be personally liable for any debts or obligations of the IOC.

1.7 Subject to Rule 16.3, each IOC Member is elected for a term of 8 years and may be re-elected for one or more consecutive terms. The re-election procedure is determined by the IOC Executive Board.

2 Responsibilities

Each member of the IOC has the following responsibilities:

2.1 comply with the provisions of the Olympic Charter, the Code of Ethics and other IOC rules;

2.2 participate in IOC Sessions;

2.3 participate in the work of the IOC commissions to which he is appointed;

2.4 help develop the Olympic Movement;

2.5 monitor, in their country and within the Olympic Movement affiliated organization, the implementation of the programs of the IOC;

2.6 inform the President of the IOC, at his direction, of the progress of the Olympic Movement and its needs in his country and in the organization affiliated to the Olympic Movement of which he is a member;

2.7 report without delay to the President of the IOC of all developments that could impede the implementation of the Olympic Charter or otherwise adversely affect the Olympic Movement in his country or in the organization affiliated to the Olympic Movement of which he is a member;

2.8 carry out other tasks assigned to him by the President of the IOC.

3 Loss of IOC membership

Loss of IOC membership status occurs in the following circumstances:

3.1 Resignation:

Any member of the IOC may terminate his membership of the IOC at any time by submitting his written resignation to the President of the IOC. Before taking practical steps regarding resignation, the Board may have recourse to hearing the resigning member.

3.2 Not re-elected:

Any IOC Member shall lose its membership without further formalities unless it is re-elected in accordance with Rule 16.1.7, Bye-Law 16.2.6 and, as the case may be, Bye-Law 16.2.7 of this Rule.

3.3 Age limit:

An IOC member shall retire at the end of the calendar year in which he reaches 70 years of age, in accordance with Bye-Law 16.2.7.1 of this Rule.

3.4 Non-participation in the Sessions and work of the IOC

A Member of the IOC loses its membership without further application on its part if it does not participate in the Sessions or does not actively participate in the work of the IOC for two years, except for force majeure. In such cases, the loss of the status of an IOC member is confirmed by a decision of the IOC Session on the proposal of the IOC Executive Board.

3.5 Change of citizenship or relocation of the center of main interests:

An IOC member elected as a candidate under paragraph 16.1.1.1 of this Rule loses his membership if he changes his nationality or moves his center of main interests to another country than that which he represented at the time of his election.

In such cases, the loss of the status of an IOC member is confirmed by a decision of the IOC Session on the proposal of the IOC Executive Board.

3.6 Members elected as active athlete candidates:

Any IOC member elected as a candidate as an active athlete in accordance with paragraph 16.1.1.2 of this Rule shall lose his membership as soon as he ceases to be a member of the IOC Athletic Commission.

3.7 Presidents and persons holding executive or senior positions in NOCs, worldwide or area associations of NOCs, IFs or associations of IFs, or other organizations recognized by the IOC.

Any IOC member elected as a candidate under paragraphs 16.1.1.3 or 16.1.1.4 of this Rule shall lose his membership as soon as he ceases to perform the function he performed at the time of his election.

3.8 Exclusion from the IOC:

3.8.1 A Member of the IOC may be expelled by a decision of the IOC Session if he has betrayed his oath or if the IOC Session considers that he has neglected or knowingly betrayed the interests of the IOC or has acted in any way unworthy of the IOC.

3.8.2 Decisions to expel a member of the IOC are made by a two-thirds majority of the members present at the Session, on the proposal of the IOC Executive Board. The relevant IOC member has the opportunity to present his case in person by addressing the IOC Session, as well as the right to examine the allegations, attend in person and provide documents in his defense in writing.

3.8.3 Before the IOC Session decides on exclusion, the IOC Executive Board may temporarily deprive the member concerned of all or part of the rights, prerogatives and functions arising from its membership.

3.8.4 A member expelled from the IOC may not be a member of an NOC, an association of NOCs or an OCOG.

4 Honorary President - Honorary Members - Honorary Members

4.1 On the proposal of the IOC Executive Board, the Session may elect as Honorary President the member of the IOC who invaluable contribution as President of the IOC. The honorary president has the right to offer his advice.

4.2 Any Member of the IOC retiring after at least 10 years of service with the IOC and having performed exceptional service to it may, on the nomination of the IOC Executive Board, be elected by the Session as an Honorary Member of the IOC.

4.3 On the proposal of the Executive Board, the IOC may elect as a Distinguished Member a person of distinction outside the IOC who has rendered him exceptional service.

4.4 Honorary President, Honorary and Distinguished Members are elected for life. They do not have the right to vote and cannot be elected to any position in the IOC. Rules paragraphs 16.1.1 - 1.5, 16.1.7, 16.2, 16.3 and clarifications 16.1 and 16.2 do not apply to them. They may be deprived of their status by a decision of the Session.

Bye-Laws to Rule 16

1 Tolerance

Any citizen of his country aged 18 or over may be elected as a member of the IOC, provided that:

1.1 his candidature has been submitted in accordance with paragraph 2.1 below;

1.2 it meets the conditions set out in paragraph 2.2 below;

1.3 his/her candidature is considered by the Commission on nominations;

1.4 his election is proposed to the Session by the IOC Executive Board.

2 Procedure for the election of IOC members

2.1 Submission of nominations for the selection of a member of the IOC.

The following persons or organizations are eligible to propose candidates for election as IOC members: IOC members, IFs, IF associations, NOCs, worldwide or national associations of NOCs and other organizations recognized by the IOC.

2.2 Admission of candidates:

To be eligible for election, all nominations must be submitted in writing to the President of the IOC; they must meet the following requirements:

2.2.1 The person or organization submitting candidacies for election to the IOC must clearly indicate for each candidate whether he is being proposed as an active Athlete as set out in paragraph 2.2.2 below, or if he is serving in one of the organizations listed in the following paragraphs 2.2.3 or 2.2.4, or is an independent candidate under paragraph 2.2.5 below.

2.2.2 If a candidate is proposed as an active athlete as set out in paragraph 1.1.2 of Rule 16, he must be elected or appointed to the IOC Athletes' Commission before the start of the Games of the Olympiad or the Winter Olympic Games following the Olympic Games in which he competed. last time.

2.2.3 If the proposed candidate has a function in an IF or an association of IFs, or in an organization recognized by the IOC under Rule 3.5, he must hold the office of President or be a member of the Executive Board or management of one of the above structures.

2.2.4 If the proposed candidate holds a position in an NOC, world or area association of NOCs, he must hold the office of President or be on the Executive Board or in the leadership of one of these organizations.

2.2.5 The proposal for any other nomination must be for a person who is a native of the country in which he lives, or whose center of interest is in that country and there is an NOC recognized by the IOC.

2.3. Nomination committee:

2.3.1 The Nominations Commission is composed of seven members, three of whom are elected by the IOC Ethics Commission, three by the IOC Session and one by the IOC Athletes' Commission. Members of the Commission on nominations are elected for a term of four years, they can be re-elected.

2.3.2 It is the task of the Nominations Committee to review each nomination in accordance with paragraph 2.4.2 below and to provide a written report to the IOC Executive Board.

2.3.3 The nomination committee appoints its own chairman.

2.4. Consideration of nominations by the Commission on nominations.

2.4.1 Upon receipt of a nomination, the IOC President forwards it to the Chairman of the Nominations Commission. Except in exceptional circumstances, any nomination received by the Chairman of the Nominations Commission no later than six months before the start of an ordinary IOC Session must be examined in order to enable the IOC Executive Board to propose a nominee for consideration by the forthcoming Session in good time.

2.4.2 The Nominations Committee collects all the necessary data on the candidate, in particular on his professional and financial situation, as well as on his career and sports activities. The Commission may ask the candidate to provide guarantees from persons from whom it can obtain information. The commission may invite the candidate for an interview.

2.4.3 The Commission may check the validity of the eligibility, origin and eligibility of all nominations and, if necessary, the nominee's status as an active athlete or the function performed by the nominee.

2.4.4 The Nominating Board will provide a written report to the IOC Executive Board on the eligibility, origin and eligibility of each nominee, in which it will state the reasons for determining whether or not the candidate possesses the qualities necessary for election to the IOC membership.

2.5 Procedure for consideration by the IOC Executive Board

2.5.1 Only the IOC Executive Board has the authority to submit nominations for consideration by the Session. When submitting an issue for decision by the Session, the IOC Executive Board draws up a written proposal no later than one month before the session, attaching to it the report of the Commission on Nominations. The IOC Executive Board may, if necessary, hear the candidate. It may present several candidates for the election of one member.

2.5.2 The procedure for considering a candidate proposed from active Athletes in accordance with paragraphs 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 above may be expedited and in such cases the submission deadline provided for in paragraphs 2.4.1 and 2.5.2 above may be extended as necessary for the election to the IOC of active athletes recently elected to the IOC Athletes' Commission.

2.6 Procedure for consideration by the IOC Session

2.6.1 Only the IOC Session has the authority to elect any member of the IOC

2.6.2 The Chairman of the Commission for Nominations has the right to inform the Session of the opinion of this Commission.

2.6.3 All nominations for IOC Membership proposed by the IOC Executive Board are submitted for voting at the Session. The voting is by secret ballot, the decision is determined by a majority of votes.

2.7 Transitional Provisions.

The established rights of IOC members whose election took place before the close of the 110th IOC Session (11 December 1999) shall be preserved in accordance with the following:

2.7.1 Any IOC member elected before the closing of the 110th IOC Session (11 December 1999) must retire before the end of the calendar year in which he reaches 80 years of age, unless elected before 1966. If an IOC member reaches this age while holding the office of IOC President, Vice-President or member of the Executive Board, his resignation takes place at the end of the next Session.

2.7.2 In addition, IOC Members elected before the close of the 110th Session (11 December 1999) and who have not reached the age limit referred to in paragraph 2.7.1 above shall be eligible for re-election at the IOC Session: one third in 2007 one third in 2008 and one third in 2009 on the terms set out in paragraph 2.6 of this Bylaws. The corresponding draw was made at the 111th IOC Session.

2.7.3 The restriction on the election of no more than one member per country specified in Rule 16.1.1.1 does not apply to IOC members whose election took place before the close of the 110th Session (11 December 1999).

3 List of members

The IOC Executive Board keeps the list of all IOC members up to date, including the Honorary President, Honorary Members and Distinguished Members. The list indicates the country that the candidate for IOC membership represents, and whether such candidate is an active athlete, holds a position in one of the above organizations or is nominated as an independent candidate.

4 Honorary President - Honorary Members - Distinguished Members

4.1 The Honorary President is invited to attend the Olympic Games, Olympic Congresses, Sessions and Meetings of the IOC Executive Board, where a seat is reserved for him near the President of the IOC. He has the right to offer his advice.

4.2 Honorary Members are invited to attend the Olympic Games, Olympic Congresses, IOC Sessions where each of them has a seat reserved. They may, at the request of the President of the IOC, offer their advice.

4.3 Distinguished Members are invited to attend the Olympic Games and Olympic Congresses, where a seat is reserved for each of them. The President of the IOC may also invite them to participate in other meetings and activities of the IOC.

17. Organization

The organs of the IOC are:

1. Session,

2. IOC Executive Board,

3. President.

18. Session*

1. The General Meeting of the Members of the IOC, referred to as the Session, is the supreme body of the IOC and is held once a year. The decisions of the Session are final. An Extraordinary Session of the IOC is convened at the initiative of the President or at the written request of at least one third of the IOC members.

2. The session has the following powers:

2.1 Make additions or changes to the Olympic Charter.

2.2 Elect the members of the IOC, Honorary President, Honorary and Distinguished Members.

2.3 To elect the President, Vice President and other members of the IOC Executive Board.

2.4 Elect the host city of the Olympic Games.

2.5 Determine the city - the venue of the next Session. The right to determine the venue for an extraordinary session remains with the President of the IOC.

2.6 Approve the annual report and accounts of the IOC.

2.7 Appoint auditors of the IOC.

2.8 Decide whether to grant or withdraw full recognition as NOCs, associations of NOCs, IFs, associations of IFs and other organizations.

2.9 Remove from the membership of the IOC, deprive the status of the Honorary President, honorary or honored members.

2.10 Find a solution to all other issues requiring consideration at the Session under the law or the Olympic Charter.

3 The required quorum for a Session is half of the total membership of the IOC plus one. Decisions of the Session are taken by majority vote; however, any changes to the Rules and Fundamental Principles require a two-thirds majority of the IOC Members present at the Session.

4 Each member of the IOC has one vote. In calculating the required majority, abstentions and blank or invalid ballots shall not be taken into account. Proxy voting is not permitted. A secret ballot shall be held if required by the Olympic Charter, or such vote shall be decided by the chairman, or at the request of at least a quarter of the IOC members present. In case of equality of votes, the vote of the chairman of the meeting is decisive.

5 The provisions of Rules 18.3 and 18.4 apply to all elections, whether those of individuals or host cities. However, if only two candidates exist or remain, the one who receives more votes

6 The Session may delegate its powers to the IOC Executive Board.

Bye-Law to Rule 18

1 The IOC Executive Board is responsible for the organization and preparation of all Sessions, including all related financial matters.

2 Notice of the date of an ordinary Session shall be sent to all IOC Members at least six months before the opening of the Session. The Session shall be formally convened by order of the President of the IOC at least 30 days in advance in case of an ordinary Session and 10 days in advance in the case of an Extraordinary Session, including the agenda, which must indicate the matters to be considered at the meeting.

3 The President or, in his absence or incapacity, the senior Vice-President present, or, in the latter's absence or incapacity, the senior member of the IOC Executive Board present, shall preside over the Session.

4 Any decision of the Session, including decisions to amend the Olympic Charter, shall take effect immediately, unless the Session decides otherwise. An item not included in the agenda of the Session may be considered if requested by one third of the IOC Members or with the permission of the President of the Session.

5 An IOC Member shall abstain from voting in the following cases:

In the event of a dispute, the President of the Session decides whether or not the IOC member concerned may take part in the vote.

6 The President determines the procedure for conducting all elections, except for the election of the President, the procedure for the election of which is established by the IOC Executive Board.

7 Any question regarding the procedure for conducting a Session or counting votes, not provided for in the Olympic Charter, is determined by the President of the IOC.

8 In an emergency, the President or the IOC Executive Board may propose to the IOC Members a resolution to be voted by mail, including telefax or e-mail.

9 Minutes of all meetings and other procedures of the Session shall be drawn up under the supervision of the President of the IOC. The place of the Session is determined by the IOC, and the place of the Extraordinary Session is determined by the President. Notice of a Session or extraordinary Sessions shall be sent out by the President at least one month prior to the meeting, together with the agenda.

19. IOC Executive Board*

1 Composition

The Executive Committee consists of the President, four vice-presidents and ten other members. The choice of these members will reflect the composition of the Session. During each election, the Session will ensure that the specified proportion is respected.

2 Elections, term of office, renewal of mandate, vacancies

2.1 All members of the IOC Executive Board are elected at the Sessions by secret ballot by a majority of the votes cast for them.

2.2 The terms of the mandates of the Vice-Presidents and ten members of the IOC Executive Board are fixed at four years. An IOC member may serve on the IOC Executive Board for a maximum of two consecutive terms, regardless of the position to which he was elected.

2.3 At the end of two terms in accordance with Rule 19.2.2 above, a member of the Board may be re-elected to the Board after a minimum break of two years.

2.4 Upon renewal of a vacancy for any post other than the President, at the next IOC Session, a member of the IOC Executive Board is elected to the respective post for a term of four years.

2.5 The mandate of the members of the Board shall take effect at the end of the Session in which they were elected. Their mandate expires at the end of the last regular session held during the year in which their mandate ends.

2.6 In this Rule, the term "year" is used to denote the period of time between two ordinary Sessions.

3 Powers and responsibilities

The Executive Board governs the affairs of the IOC. In particular, it performs the following functions:

3.1 Monitors compliance with the Olympic Charter;

3.2 Approves the internal structure (organization) of the IOC and all internal regulations relating to its organization;

3.3 Prepares an annual report with all accounts, which is submitted to the Session together with the auditor's report;

3.4 Submit a report to the Session on any proposed changes to the Rules and Bye-Laws;

3.5 Presents to the IOC Session the names of persons whom it recommends for election to the IOC;

3.6 Follows the procedure for the acceptance and selection of city candidates for the organization of the Olympic Games;

3.7 Prepares the agenda of the IOC Sessions;

3.8 At the proposal of the President, appoints the General Director or dismisses the latter. Decisions about their promotion, punishment and earnings are made by the President;

3.9 Ensure that all minutes, reports and archives of the IOC are kept in accordance with the law, including the minutes of all Sessions, meetings of the IOC Executive Board, working groups or other commissions;

3.10 makes all decisions and puts into effect all legally binding documents in the form it deems most appropriate, such as ordinances, regulations, codes, norms, directives, guidelines, instructions, including all provisions (but not limited to them) necessary for the proper implementation of the Olympic Charter and the organization of the Olympic Games;

3.11 periodically organizes meetings with the IFs and NOCs, at least once every two years. Such meetings are chaired by the President of the IOC, who determines the procedure and agenda after consultation with the relevant bodies;

3.12 determines and assigns the insignia of the IOC;

3.13 has full powers and fulfills all obligations not extended by law and the Olympic Charter to the Session or the President of the IOC.

4 Devolution

The IOC Executive Board may delegate its powers to one or more members of the Executive Board, IOC Commissions, members of the IOC Administration, other bodies or third parties.

Bye-Law to Rule 19

1. The President is responsible for organizing and preparing meetings of the IOC Executive Board. He may delegate all or part of the relevant powers to the CEO.

2. The Executive Committee meets at the initiative of the President or at the request of the majority of its members, expressed at least ten days before its holding. The notice of the meeting of the Executive Committee must indicate the issue to be considered at the meeting.

3. The President of the IOC Executive Board shall be the President of the IOC or, in his absence or incapacity, the Vice-President in office, or in the absence or inability of the latter, the member of the Executive Board in office.

4. The quorum required for holding an IOC Executive Board is eight members of the IOC.

5. Decisions of the IOC Executive Board are taken by a majority vote.

6. Each member of the IOC has one vote. Abstentions from voting, and blank or spoiled ballots are not taken into account when calculating the required majority. Proxy voting is prohibited. A secret ballot shall be held when required by the Olympic Charter, or by decision of the Chairman, or at the request of at least one-fourth of the members present. In case of an equal number of votes, the decision is made by the Chairman of the meeting.

7. A member of the IOC Executive Board must abstain from voting in the circumstances listed in Bye-Law to Rule 18, Paragraph 18.5

8. Any question regarding the procedure for holding meetings of the IOC Executive Board, not stipulated in the Olympic Charter, is decided by the President of the IOC.

9. The IOC Executive Board may meet in the form of tele- and videoconferences.

10. In an emergency, the President of the IOC may submit a ruling or decision to be voted on by the members of the IOC Executive Board by mail, including fax or e-mail.

11. Minutes of all meetings and other procedures are taken under the supervision of the President of the IOC.

20. President*

1. The Session elects a President from among its members by secret ballot for a period of eight years. The president can be re-elected once for a four-year term.

2. The President represents the IOC and presides over all IOC events.

3. The President may take action or make a decision on behalf of the IOC in the event that, due to the prevailing circumstances, a matter cannot be decided by the Session or the IOC Executive Board. Such actions or decisions must be ratified by the competent authority.

4. If the President is unable to perform his duties, the Senior Vice-President shall replace him until the President is again able to perform his duties or, in the event of a permanent incapacity of the President, until the election of a new President at the next IOC Session. The new President is elected for a term of eight years, he can be re-elected once for a four-year period.

Bye-Law to Rule 20

1 Applications for candidates for the office of President are submitted three months before the opening of the Session at which elections are to be held. However, these time frames may be amended by decision of the IOC Executive Board if, in its opinion, circumstances justify such a change.

5 Except as provided in Rule 20, paragraph 20.3, the election of the President shall take place at the Session organized during the second year of the Olympiad.

21. IOC commissions*

IOC Commissions are established for the purpose of advising the Session, the IOC Executive Board or the President, as the case may be. The President creates permanent or special commissions and working groups as the need arises. In the event that there is no clear wording in the Olympic Charter or special provisions of the IOC Executive Board, the President determines the terms of their duties, appoints their members, and also decides to dissolve the commissions and groups when he considers that they have fulfilled their mission. No meetings of commissions or working groups may be held without the prior consent of the President of the IOC, except as otherwise expressly provided in the Olympic Charter or in special provisions IOC Executive Board. The President is a member of all commissions and working groups ex officio and has priority when present at their meetings.

Bye-Law to Rule 21

1 IOC Athletes' Commission

An IOC Athletes' Commission should be established, the majority of whose members should be athletes elected by athletes participating in the Olympic Games. Elections must be held on the occasion of the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games in accordance with the rules adopted by the IOC Executive Board in consultation with the Athletes' Commission, of which the IFs and NOCs must be informed no later than one year before the Olympic Games to be held. these elections.

All regulations and procedures of the IOC Athletes' Commission must be adopted by the IOC Executive Board after consultation with that IOC Commission.

2 IOC Ethics Commission

The IOC Ethics Commission is established in accordance with Rule 22 and Bye-Law to Rule 22.

3 IOC Nominations Commission

For the purpose of examining nominations for IOC membership, a Nominations Commission shall be established in accordance with Bye-Law to Rule 16, paragraph 16.2.3.

All regulations and procedures of the IOC Nominations Commission must be adopted by the IOC Executive Board after consultation with that IOC Commission.

4 Olympic Solidarity Commission

The Olympic Solidarity Commission is established to carry out the tasks assigned to it in Rule 5 and Bye-Law to Rule 5.

5 Evaluation commissions for the consideration of applications of candidate cities to host the Olympic Games

For the purpose of reviewing candidate cities applying to host the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games, the President shall establish two evaluation committees in accordance with Bye-Law to Rule 34, Paragraph 34.2.2.

6 Coordinating commissions for the organization and holding of the Olympic Games

For the purpose of assisting in the organization of the Olympic Games and establishing cooperation between the IOC, the Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games, the IFs and the NOCs, the President establishes Coordination Commissions in accordance with Rule 38 and Bye-Law to Rule 38.

7 IOC Medical Commission

7.1 The President establishes a Medical Commission whose terms of reference include the following:

7.1.1 comply with the World Anti-Doping Code and all other IOC Anti-Doping Rules, in particular those relating to the Olympic Games;

7.1.2 develop rules and guidelines for medical services and the protection of the health of athletes.

7.2 Members Medical Commission shall not act as any medical officer of an NOC delegation at the Olympic Games, nor shall they participate in the discussion of matters related to non-compliance with the World anti-doping code members of the delegations of their NOCs.

8 Procedure

The chairman of the IOC commission is a member of the IOC. Commissions of the IOC may hold their meetings in the form of tele- and videoconferences.

22. IOC Ethics Commission*

The IOC Ethics Commission is empowered to develop and improve ethical principles, including a Code of Ethics based on the values ​​and principles set out in the Olympic Charter, integral part which is the Code mentioned above. In addition, the Commission investigates complaints related to non-compliance with this kind of ethical principles, including violations of the Code of Ethics and, if necessary, proposes sanctions to the IOC Executive Board.

Bye-Law to Rule 22

1 The composition and organization of the IOC Ethics Commission are defined in its statutes.

2 Any changes to the Code of Ethics, the statutes of the IOC Ethics Commission, the regulations and the implementation of the provisions of the IOC Ethics Commission must be approved by the IOC Executive Board.

23. Measures and sanctions*

In the event of a violation of the Olympic Charter, the World Anti-Doping Code or other rules, the Session, the IOC Executive Board or the Disciplinary Commission (referred to in paragraph 2.4) may take the following measures or sanctions:

1 In the context of the Olympic Movement:

1.1 in relation to IOC members, Honorary President, Honorary and Distinguished Members:

a) an observation announced by the IOC Executive Board;

b) a suspension for a specified period declared by the IOC Executive Board. The suspension may extend to all or part of the powers, prerogatives and functions arising from the membership of the person concerned.

The measures and sanctions mentioned above may be combined. They may be imposed on members of the IOC, Honorary President, Honorary and Distinguished Members who by their actions endanger the interests of the IOC, including those not related to specific violations of the Olympic Charter or any other provision.

1.2 in relation to IFs:

a) exclusion from the program of the Olympic Games:

Sport (Session) ;

Disciplines (IOC Executive Board);

Competitions (IOC Executive Board);

b) withdrawal of provisional recognition (IOC Executive Board))

c) withdrawal of full recognition (Session).

1.3 in relation to associations of IFs:

b) withdrawal of full recognition (Session)

1.4 with respect to NOCs:

a) temporary exclusion (IOC Executive Board). In this case, the Executive Board shall separately determine the consequences for the relevant NOC and its athletes;

b) withdrawal of provisional recognition (IOC Executive Board);

c) withdrawal of full recognition (Session). In this case, the NOC loses all the rights it has received under the Olympic Charter;

d) deprivation of the right to organize the Session or the Olympic Congress (Session);

1.5 with respect to associations of NOCs:

a) withdrawal of provisional recognition (IOC Executive Board);

1.6 in relation to the host city of the Olympic Games, the OCOG and the NOCs:

Deprivation of the right to organize the Olympic Games (Session).

1.7 in relation to the applicant city, candidate city to host the Olympic Games and the NOC (IOC Executive Board):

Deprivation of the right to apply or act as a candidate city to host the Olympic Games;

1.8 in relation to other associations and organizations that have received recognition:

a) withdrawal of provisional recognition (IOC Executive Board);

b) withdrawal of full recognition (Session).

2. In the context of the Olympic Games, in the event of a breach of the Olympic Charter, the World Anti-Doping Code, another provision or decision of the IOC, IFs or NOCs, including but not limited to the IOC Code of Ethics, or a relevant civil law ordinance or law, or in the event of any form of action that is contrary to the established norms:

2.1 in relation to individual competitors and teams: temporary or permanent ineligibility or exclusion from the Olympic Games, disqualification or withdrawal of accreditation; in the event of disqualification or expulsion, all medals and diplomas received relating to the violation of the Olympic Charter must be returned to the IOC. In addition, at the discretion of the IOC Executive Board, a competitor or team may lose points that have contributed to their ranking and have been earned in other Olympic Games where the competitor or team was disqualified or eliminated; in this case, all medals and diplomas received by them must be returned to the IOC (Executive Board);

2.2 in relation to officials, leaders and other members of any delegation, as well as referees and jury members: temporary or permanent denial of admission or expulsion from the Olympic Games (IOC Executive Board);

2.3 in respect of all other accredited persons: withdrawal of accreditation (IOC Executive Board);

2.4 The IOC Executive Board may delegate its powers to a disciplinary commission.

3. Before applying any measure or sanction, the competent IOC body may issue a warning.

4. All sanctions and measures must be applied without prejudice to other rights of the IOC or any other organization, including, but not limited to, NOCs and IFs.

Bye-Law to Rule 23

1 Any inquiry relating to facts which may lead to the application of any measure or sanction shall be subject to the control of the IOC Executive Board, which may delegate all or part of its authority on the matter.

2 In the course of any investigation, the IOC Executive Board may temporarily deprive the person or organization concerned of all or part of the rights, prerogatives and functions, depending on the membership or status of such person or organization.

3 Every person, team or entity has the right to be heard by the competent authority of the IOC in order to take action or sanctions against that person, team or entity. The right to be heard includes the right to hear the allegations and the right to speak in person or produce a written document in one's own defence.

4 Any measure or penalty taken by the Session, the IOC Executive Board or the Disciplinary Commission referred to in paragraph 23.2.4 must be notified in writing to the party concerned.

5 All measures or sanctions shall remain in effect until the competent authority decides otherwise.

24. Languages

1. The official languages ​​of the IOC are French and English.

2. Simultaneous interpretation in French, English, German, Spanish, Russian and Arabic must also be provided at all IOC Sessions.

3. In the event of discrepancies between French and English texts The French text of the Olympic Charter and all other documents of the IOC shall be preferred unless otherwise expressly stated in writing on the documents themselves.

25. IOC funds

1. The IOC may accept gifts and legacies and seek all other means to enable it to carry out its tasks. It receives income from the use of rights, including, but not limited to, television rights, sponsorships, licenses and Olympic property, as well as income from the Olympic Games.

2. For the development of the Olympic Movement, the IOC may allocate a portion of its income to the IFs, NOCs, including Olympic Solidarity, and the OCOG.

IOC is the highest governing body of the modern Olympic movement. According to the legal status of the IOCis an international non-governmental organization not for profit, in the form of an association with the status of a legal entity, recognized by the Swiss Federal Council. IOC - a permanent organization, the term of which is not limited. The IOC is permanently based in Lausanne (Switzerland).

The mission of the IOC is to lead Olympic Movement in accordance with the Olympic Charter. Its role in OA is to develop high performance sport and sport for all in line with the OC. The IOC ensures the regular holding of the Olympic Games, takes measures in the development of women's sports, sports ethics and the protection of athletes.

Decisions of the IOC based on the provisions of the Olympic Charter are final. Any dispute concerning their application or explanation may be resolved exclusively by the IOC Executive Board and, in certain cases, by arbitration before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS).

IOC headquarters housed in Lausanne on the Place du Palais.

Official languages ​​of the IOC - French and English. Simultaneous translation into Russian, Spanish, German and Arabic is provided at IOC sessions.

In the event of discrepancies between the French and English texts of the Olympic Charter and all other IOC documents, the French text shall prevail, unless otherwise expressly stated in writing on the documents themselves.

By what means does the IOC conduct its business? The IOC may accept gifts and legacies and seek all other means to enable it to carry out its tasks. It receives income from the use of rights, including television rights, as well as from the hosting of the Olympic Games.

The IOC may allocate a portion of the income from television rights to the IFs, the NOCs and the Organizing Committee (OCOG).

Goals and objectives of the IOC defined by the Olympic Charter and are as follows:

1. Encourage the coordination, organization and development of sports and sports competitions, in cooperation with international and sports organizations, providing support and implementation of measures aimed at strengthening the unity of the Olympic movement.

2. Cooperation with competent public, private and state organizations in an effort to put sport at the service of humanity.

3. Ensuring the regular holding of the Olympic Games.

4. Participation in activities aimed at strengthening peace, in actions aimed at protecting the rights of members of the Olympic Movement and in actions against any form of discrimination that is detrimental to the Olympic Movement.

5. Provision, through appropriate measures, of strong support for the participation of women in sports at all levels and in all structures, especially in the executive bodies of national and international sports organizations, in the pursuit of strict observance of the principle of equality between men and women.

6. Promoting and encouraging compliance with sports ethics.

7. Directing your efforts to ensure that the spirit fair play prevailed on sports grounds and that violence be expelled from them;

8. Leadership in the fight against doping in sports.

9. Adoption of measures, the purpose of which is to prevent the emergence of a threat to the health of athletes.

10. Opposition to any political and commercial abuse in sport.

11. Supporting sports organizations and public authorities in their efforts to implement measures that ensure the social and professional future of athletes.

12. Support for the spread of mass sports, which is one of the foundations of elite sports, which, in turn, contributes to the development of mass sports.

13. Seeing that the Olympic Games are held in an environmentally friendly manner, supporting the Olympic Movement in its pursuit of caring for the preservation of the environment, taking measures to reflect these provisions in its activities, conducting educational work among people united Olympic Movement, on the expansion of joint activities in this area.

14. Support for the International Olympic Academy (IOA).

15. Support other institutions that are committed to Olympic education.

Support for IOC athletes.

The IOC pays close attention to the protection of athletes, veterans of the Olympic Games, and in this regard has taken the following actions:

· Established in 1981 IOC Athletes Commission. This commission sends representatives to all other IOC Commissions, participates in the process of selecting the host city of the Olympic Games and meets with the Executive Board at least once a year to make proposals and recommendations.

· During the Olympics IOC Medical Commission conducts research in the field of traumatology and the motor system in order to reduce the number of injuries to athletes and optimize the load during the performance.

· Established in 1983 Sports Court of Arbitration ( CAS ), which became fully independent in 1993. It is an international organization dedicated to the legal issues faced by athletes. The procedures carried out by this organization are universal in their application, simple, fast, flexible and inexpensive.

· Created in 1999 World Anti-Doping Agency ( WADA ) to combat doping and protect the health of athletes. WADA is an independent organization, but the IOC provided $25 million to set it up and covers 50% of its budget.

· Established in 1995 World Olympians Association ( WOA ) with the aim of developing connections between Olympic athletes around the world and spreading Olympic values.

The IOC also pays attention environmental protection through the introduction of special requirements for the cities-applicants to host the Olympics.

IOC Peacekeeping Initiative:

In 1992, at the initiative of the IOC, in cooperation with the UN, athletes from the former Republic of Yugoslavia were allowed to participate in the Olympics.

In 2000, during the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games, the South Korean and North Korean delegations appeared at the Olympic Stadium together under the flag of the Korean Peninsula.

IOC promotes equality in sport and several times joined the fight against apartheid (racial exclusion):

1988: Olympism and Apartheid Commission established.

1992: A multi-racial South African delegation participates in the 25th Olympiad in Barcelona.

At present, various consultations and discussions continue on a wide range of issues related to the fight against sports discrimination.

Membership in the IOC.

The IOC selects its members from among persons with relevant qualifications. They must be nationals of the country in which they permanently reside or where their interests are concentrated and where there is an NOC recognized by the IOC. In addition, they must speak one of the languages ​​used in IOC sessions.

Normally, one IOC member is elected per country, but two IOC members may be elected from countries that have hosted the Olympics.

In accordance with the charter, the IOC itself chooses its members. This principle of self-replenishment implies that the IOC is fully independent.

IOC members are representatives of the IOC in their countries, not their countries' delegates to the IOCwhich prevents them from receiving any instructions from governments, organizations and individuals that could interfere with their freedom of action and independence in voting.

Members of the IOC meet at the annual Session of the IOC. They are excluded from membership at the end of the year in which they turn 70 years old, and if they were elected before the 110th Session (December 11, 1999), then 80 years old. Members are elected for 8 years, renewable membership.

The IOC welcomes its new members during a ceremony in which they agree to carry out their duties by taking the following oath:

“Having the honor of being a member of the International Olympic Committee and representing it, and realizing my duties in this capacity, I am ready to serve the Olympic Movement to the fullest extent of my abilities, to comply with and demand respect for all provisions of the Olympic Charter and the decisions of the IOC, which I accept unconditionally, remaining free as from any political or commercial influence, and from all considerations of a racial or religious nature; fight against any form of discrimination and protect the interests of the IOC and the Olympic Movement under all circumstances ».

The first composition of the IOC included only 15 people, all of them were wealthy people, had quite high social status. According to their social status, these were barons, counts, princes, diplomats, lawyers, close to monarchical persons, courts.

By creating the IOC, Coubertin tried to provide the Athletic Congress with patronage from the reigning persons of various states.

Thus, Coubertin created a kind of royal shield in order to give the IOC independence, to create supragovernmental, supranational international organization, which would be capable of not only resuming the Olympic Games, but also creating a new modern phenomenon that embodies the human desire for peace and commonwealth on the one hand, for competition, victory and communication on the other.

This phenomenon was supposed to be the Olympic Games and the IOC - an organization capable of regardless of anyone prepare and conduct these Games.

Currently, any citizen of their country aged 18 or over can be elected as a member of the IOC, provided that:

· his candidature has been submitted in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Charter;

· it meets the conditions set out in the relevant paragraph of the OX;

· his candidacy is considered by the Commission on nominations;

· his election is proposed to the session by the IOC Executive Board.

Members of the IOC are elected for a term of 8 years. They may be re-elected at the end of this term.

The procedure for electing members of the IOC.

The following persons or organizations are eligible to propose one or two candidates for election to the IOC:

- IOC members: Each IOC member has the right to propose one or more candidates for election to the IOC.

- IOC Athletes' Commission: The Commission of IOC Members has the right to propose one or more candidates for election to the IOC Membership.

- International Olympic Sports Federations: Association of International Summer Federations Olympic sports sports (ASOIF), the Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations (AIOVF) and all international federations- members of ASOIF and AIOVF - have the right to submit one or two candidates for election to the IOC members.

- National Olympic Committees: Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC), Association of African National Olympic Committees (ANOCA), European Olympic Committees (EOC), Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), Pan American sports organization(PASO), the National Olympic Committees of Oceania (ONOC), together with any NOC recognized by the IOC, are entitled to submit one or more candidates for election to membership of the IOC.

To be eligible for election, all nominations must be submitted in writing to the President of the IOC. In addition, they must in each case meet the following requirements:

· If a candidate is proposed as an active athlete, he must be an athlete member of the IOC Sports Commission. Such Athlete must be elected or appointed to the IOC Sports Commission prior to the commencement of the Summer or Winter Olympic Games following the Games in which he last competed.

· When submitting one or more nominations, the IOC Athletes' Athletic Commission must comply with the condition that there must be an equality of candidates for both summer and winter views sports. The total number of members elected to the IOC on the basis of nominations shall not exceed 15 at any one time.

· If the proposed candidate has a function in an international federation or association, he must be the president or hold a position in the Executive Committee or management of one of the international federations, ASOIF or AIOWF. The total number of members elected on the basis of nominations shall not exceed 15 at any one time.

· If the proposed candidate holds a position in an NOC, worldwide or continental association of NOCs, he must have served as the President of an NOC, ANOC, ANOC, EOC, PASO, ONOC, or be on the Executive Committee, or in the leadership of one of these organizations. No more than one member from the submitted nominations may be elected per country. The total number of such members elected to the IOC on the basis of nominations submitted shall not exceed 15 at any one time.

· The proposal for any other nomination must be for a person who is a native of the country in which he lives, or whose center of interest is in that country and there is an NOC recognized by the IOC. No more than one candidate per country can be elected. The total number of members thus elected shall not exceed 70.

The Commission on nominations is directly involved in the consideration of candidates. This commission is constituted of seven members, three of whom are elected by the IOC Ethics Commission, three by the IOC session and one by the IOC Sports Commission. Members of the Nominations Committee are elected for a term of four years, they can also be re-elected.

The IOC Nominations Commission is a self-organized structure; it appoints a chairman, a secretary (the latter may not be elected from among the members of the Commission).

The purpose of the Nominations Committee is to review nominations in accordance with the procedure below and to provide the IOC Executive Board with a written report on each nomination.

Upon receipt of the nomination, the President of the IOC sends it to the Chairman of the Commission on Nominations. Upon receipt of a nomination from the President of the IOC, the Chairman of the Nominations Commission shall immediately inform and consult with the members of the Commission accordingly. The nomination commission collects all the necessary data on the candidate, in particular on his professional and financial situation, as well as on his career and sports activities. The Commission may ask the candidate to provide guarantees from persons from whom it can obtain information. The commission may invite the candidate for an interview. The Commission may verify the origin of all nominations and, if necessary, the status of the candidate as an active athlete or the function performed by the candidate.

When the Nominating Board considers that it has all the necessary information, it submits a written report to the Board, setting out the reasons for determining whether the candidate possesses or does not possess the qualities necessary for election to the IOC membership.

The IOC Executive Board itself also has the authority to submit nominations for consideration by the Session.

Having received the report of the Commission on nominations and having studied its content, the IOC Executive Board decides at its meeting whether or not to present a candidate for election as a member of the IOC. The Executive Committee may, if necessary, hear the candidate(s). The Executive Committee may submit several candidates for the election of one member.

The procedure for considering a candidate proposed from active athletes may be expedited.

Only the IOC Session is competent to elect any member of the IOC. All candidates for election to IOC membership proposed by the IOC Executive Board are submitted for voting at the Session. The voting is by secret ballot, the decision is determined by a majority of votes.

The procedure for the re-election of IOC members eligible for re-election for a period of eight years is carried out in accordance with the provisions set out in the relevant sections of the OG. It can be accelerated and simplified.

Loss of IOC member status.

Any member of the IOC may terminate his membership in the IOC at any time by submitting his written resignation to the President of the IOC. Before taking practical steps regarding resignation, the Board may have recourse to hearing the resigning member.

Any member of the IOC shall lose his membership without further formalities unless he is re-elected.

Honorary Life President, Honorary Member, Distinguished Member expelled from the IOC may not be a member of an NOC, an NOC Association or an OCOG. Under no circumstances may he become a Member, Honorary Life President, Honorary Member or Distinguished Member of the IOC.

Responsibilities of IOC Members:

· Participate in IOC Sessions.

· Provide IOC representation in your country.

· Participate in the work of the commissions of the IOC, to which he is introduced.

· Contribute to the development of the Olympic movement in your country.

· Monitor the implementation of IOC programs in the field, including Olympic Solidarity.

· At least once a year inform the President of the IOC about the development of the Olympic Movement and its needs in their country.

· To inform the President of the IOC without delay of all developments that may interfere in the country concerned with the observance of the Olympic Charter or in any way affect the Olympic Movement, whether internal or external to the NOC.

· Carry out tasks assigned to him by the President of the IOC, including representing the IOC in another country, territory or organization.

· Comply under all circumstances with the Code of Ethics set out in Article 25 of the OH.

governing bodies.

The main governing bodies of the Olympic Movement are:

· IOC sessions;

· IOC Executive Board;

· IOC President.

In case of doubt when determining the competence of one or another body of the IOC, the term "IOC" used without other clarifications or additions, is understood as "Session", with the exception of cases of delegation of authority to the Executive Board.

IOC session- a general meeting of the members of the IOC, held at least once a year. An extraordinary session may be held, which is convened by the president or at the written request of at least one third of the members of the IOC.

The place of the Session is determined by the IOC, and the place of the Extraordinary Session is determined by the President. Notice of a Session or extraordinary Sessions shall be sent out by the President at least one month prior to the meeting, together with the agenda.

The organization of the Sessions, including all related financial matters, is carried out in accordance with the "Instructions" and other documents developed on this occasion by the IOC Executive Board.

Session is:

· Supreme governing body of the IOC. It approves, modifies and interprets the Olympic Charter.

· The decisions of the session are final.

On the proposal of the Executive Board, the Session elects the members of the IOC. In some cases, the session may delegate authority to the Board.

The required quorum for a Session is half of the total membership of the IOC plus one.

IOC Executive Boardfounded in 1921. It is the executive branch of the IOC.

The Executive Committee consists of the President, four Vice Presidents and ten other members.During each election, the Session shall ensure that the specified proportion is respected.

All members of the Executive Board are elected for a term of 4 years at the session of the IOC by a majority vote by secret ballot.

The Executive Board is convened by the President or at the request of a majority of the IOC members.

The required quorum for meetings of the IOC Executive Board is eight people.

The mandate of the members of the Board shall take effect at the end of the Session in which they were elected, but from the moment of their election they may participate (in an advisory capacity) in the meetings of the Board. Their mandate expires at the end of the last regular session held during the year in which their mandate ends.

The Vice President can only be re-elected to this post after a minimum break of four years. Moreover, within four years after the end of his term, he cannot be elected to the Executive Committee, unless he is elected president.

Apart from the president and four vice-presidents, no member of the Board may be re-elected to the Board for four years after the end of their mandate. , unless he is elected president or vice president.

If the Vice President is unable to perform his duties for any reason, the corresponding vacancy of Vice President shall be filled at the next Session and the newly elected Vice President shall remain in office until the expiration of the mandate of the Vice President he replaces. After the end of the term, he can be transferred to any structure of the Executive Committee.

This rule also applies to members of the Executive Committee.

The Executive Board governs the affairs of the IOC. In particular, he performs the following functions:

· Monitors compliance with the Olympic Charter.

· Responsible for the administrative work of the IOC.

· Responsible for the financial activities of the IOC and the preparation of the annual report.

· Approves the organizational structure of the IOC and internal organizational rules and principles.

· Submits a report to the Session regarding any proposed change to the rules, bylaws or Bye-Laws.

· Monitors the procedure for accepting and selecting city candidates for the organization of the Olympic Games.

· Establishes and distributes honorary awards and insignia of the IOC.

· Develops programs and agendas for IOC Sessions.

· At the proposal of the president, he appoints the general director and the general secretary and dismisses them. Decisions about their promotion, punishment and earnings are made by the president.

· Maintains IOC records.

· Stores the archives of the IOC.

· The Executive Committee puts into effect all the documents necessary for the proper implementation of the Olympic Charter and the organization of the Olympic Games, in the form it considers most appropriate (decrees, regulations, norms, directives, guidelines, instructions, etc.).

· Reviews and approves the marketing strategy developed and presented at the Session by the Marketing Commission.

· Performs other activities assigned to it by the Session.

The presidentelected from among the members of the IOC by secret ballot for an eight-year period, with a further possibility of re-election for four-year terms. Nominations shall be made three months before the date of the opening of the Session during which the election is to take place.

In June 2001, a regular session of the IOC was held in Moscow, at which the next president was elected. Belgium's Jacques Rogge became the eighth IOC President by a majority vote. .

If the President is unable to perform his duties, the Vice President shall replace him until the next Session at which a new President will be elected. The new president ends the term of the president to be replaced.

Apart from special occasions, the election of the president is held at the Session held during the second year of the Olympiad.

The President presides over all IOC events and represents him at all times.

The President establishes permanent commissions or commissions, convened as needed, and working groups, where necessary, determines the terms of their duties and appoints their members. The President also decides to dissolve commissions and groups when he considers that they have fulfilled their mission. No meetings of commissions or working groups may be held without the prior consent of the President of the IOC. The President is a member of all commissions and working groups ex officio and has priority when present at their meetings.

IOC Administration does the current job. It consistsof 80 employees, 60 of whom work at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne and 20 at the Olympic Museum.

The IOC administration serves the interests of OA. Day after day, it prepares, implements and monitors the implementation of the decisions taken by the main organizations of the OA.

The head of the IOC administration is CEO who, answering to the president, manages the administration with the help of directors. Directors head the departments, each conducting business in its own field:

· the international cooperation;

· OG coordination;

· relations with IFs, NOCs and OCOGs;

· finance;

· marketing;

· legal issues;

· technology;

· control and coordination of operations;

· communications;

· the medicine.

November 25, 2002 in Mexico City, the IOC Executive Board approvednew organizational and functional structure of the administration.

Main functions IOC administration:

· Preparation, implementation and control over the implementation of the decisions of the Session, the Executive Committee and the President.

· Coordination of the work of all Commissions.

· Constant communication with IFs, NOCs and OCOGs.

· Coordination of the preparation of the Olympic Games.

· Organization and preparation of other activities related to OA.

· The circulation of documents and information within the OA.

· Consultations with candidate cities for hosting the Olympics.

· Relationships with many organizations involved in sports, education and culture.

· Contacts with participants of the Olympic Solidarity Program.

· Fulfillment of many other current and specially prepared tasks of the President and the Executive Committee.

Olympic Congress in principle, it is convened once every 8 years to discuss the most pressing issues on the decisions of the IOC and the President. The place and date of the Congress shall be determined by the IOC. The President of the IOC presides over the congress and decides on procedural matters. Olympic Congress wears advisory character.

The Olympic Congress consists of members and honorary members of the IOC, delegations of the IFs, NOCs and other organizations recognized by the IOC. Also, athletes and persons invited by the IOC individually or as representatives of organizations take part in the work of the Olympic Congress.

Measures or sanctions that may be taken by the Session or the Executive Committee against participants in the ML.

In the context of the Olympic Movement:

For IOC Members, Honorary Life President, Honorary Members and Distinguished Members:

a) a comment announced by the Board;

b) suspension for a specified period declared by the Board. The suspension may extend to all or part of the powers, prerogatives and functions arising from the membership of the person concerned.

Sanctions may be imposed on members of the IOC, the Honorary Life President, Honorary Members and Distinguished Members who, through their conduct, jeopardize the interests of the IOC.

The measures and sanctions provided above may be combined.

By decision of the Executive Committee, a member, an Honorary Life President, an honorary member or an honorary member concerned, after consideration of his disciplinary offense, may be deprived of all or part of the powers, prerogatives and functions arising from his membership.

The exclusion of an IOC member, Honorary Life President, Honorary Member, Honored Member is provided for by the relevant articles of the GO.

For MSF:

a) exclusion from the program of the Olympic Games:

Kind of sport (Session);

Disciplines (Executive Committee);

Competitions (Executive Committee);

b) withdrawal of recognition (Session).

With regard to IF associations:

Deprivation of recognition (Session);

Regarding the NOC:

a) deprivation of the right to declare participants for the Olympic Games (Executive Committee);

b) temporary exclusion (Executive Committee). In this case, the Executive Board shall separately determine the consequences for the relevant NOC and its athletes;

c) temporary or permanent withdrawal of recognition (Session). In case of permanent withdrawal of recognition, the NOC loses all the rights it has received under the Olympic Charter;

d) deprivation of the right to organize the Session or the Olympic Congress (Session);

With regard to NOC associations:

Deprivation of recognition (Session).

In a relationship Olympic City, organizing committee or NOC:

Deprivation of the right to organize the Olympic Games (Session).

In the context of the Olympic Games:

For individuals and teams: temporary or permanent ineligibility or expulsion from the Olympic Games; in case of exclusion, all received medals and diplomas must be returned to the IOC (Executive Board);

In relation to officials, leaders and other members of any delegation, as well as judges and jury members: temporary or permanent denial of admission or expulsion from the Olympic Games (Executive Committee).

For all other accredited persons: deprivation of accreditation (Executive Committee);

No decisions can be taken in the context of the Olympic Games after three years have passed from the date of the closing ceremony.

Before applying any measure or sanction, the competent IOC body may issue a warning.

Every person, team or entity has the right to be heard by the competent IOC body in order to take action or sanctions against that person, team or entity. The right to be heard includes the right to hear the allegations and the right to speak in person or produce a written document in one's own defence.

Any measure or penalty adopted by the IOC Session or the Executive Board must be notified in writing to the party concerned.

All measures or sanctions shall remain in effect until the competent authority decides otherwise.

Commissions of the IOC.

Commissions of the IOC serve the ideals of Olympism in their specific areas.

The presidentcreates specialized commissions to study certain subject areas and form recommendations for the Executive Committee.

Some of these are mixed and include IOC members, IFs for Olympic sports and NOCs, athletes, technicians, consultants and sports professionals.

On 25 February 2005, the President of the IOC announced the composition of the 24 IOC Commissions, whose role is to assist the IOC and the OCOG in the fulfillment of their missions.

The main change was the termination of the activities of the Coordinating Commission of the Games of the 28 Olympiad (Athens-2004) and the creation of an evaluation commission for the Olympic Games-2012.

All 24 IOC Commissions:

1. Executive Committee

2. Commission for Culture and Olympic Education.

3. Athletes Commission.

4. Ethics Commission.

5. Nomination Commission.

6. Commission for the Participation of Women in Sports.

7. Financial commission.

8. Legal Commission.

9. Marketing commission.

10. Medical Commission.

11. Press Commission.

12. Olympic Program Commission.

13. Radio and Television Commission.

14. Olympic Solidarity Commission.

15. Sports and Law Commission.

16. Sports and Environment Commission.

17. Sports Commission for All.

18. Coordinating Commission for the ZoI-2006.

19. Coordinating Commission for the Olympic Games-2008.

20. Coordinating Commission for OWG-2010.

21. Evaluation Commission for the Olympic Games-2012.

22. Commission for Olympic souvenir and collection programs (including philatelic and numismatic programs).

23. Commission on Foreign Relations.

24. Commission on TV and new media technologies.

In the composition of the commissions of the IOC, a separate place is occupied by Ethics Commission.

The IOC Ethics Commission is empowered to develop and improve ethical principles, including a Code of Ethics based on the values ​​and principles set out in the Olympic Charter. In addition, it investigates complaints related to non-compliance with these types of ethical principles, including violations of the Code of Ethics and, if necessary, proposes sanctions to the IOC Executive Board.

For us, the Marketing Commission of the IOC is of particular interest.

Marketing Commission was founded in 1983 with the aim of ensuring the financial stability of OD and was then called IOC Commission on New Sources of Funding. The commission was renamed in 1997.

Olympic Marketingshould contribute to the work of the OA by providing resources and financial support, look for ways to maximize the potential profits of the OA from association with marketing partners.

All partner programs and activities should aim to promote and protect Olympic values ​​and symbols.

The Commission is considering possible sources of financing and profits for the IOC and OA, provides advice on programs related to marketing to the Executive Board.

The Commission also monitors the implementation of IOC marketing programs and submits relevant reports to the Executive Board.

Chairman: Gerhard Heiberg, Norway.

Currently, there are no Russians among the members of this commission.

The evolution of the IOC and the current state.

During its development, the management system of the Olympic movement has undergone significant changes and acquired a complex multi-level structure, including a large number of organizations. Development Olympic sports goes in two main directions.

· First associated with the activities of the Olympic Committees or organizations that perform their functions at various levels.

· Second - with the activities of sports federations.

But this is just a general outline. In practice, everything is much more complicated, since the Olympic system with its structure and functions is only part of the international sports management system; in addition, its activities are closely intertwined with such international organizations as the UN, UNESCO, etc.

At the Olympic Congresses and Sessions, discussions of various issues took place, which became reasons for change in the OD control system:

· Organizational issues such as:

olegislative issues;

oquestions of the program of the Olympic Games;

oissues of admission of participants;

oissues of country representation;

orelationship between the IOC, NOCs and IFs.

· Theoretical questions:

oissues of pedagogy;

oissues of sports medicine;

oquestions of sports psychology;

o ethics issues;

oquestions about the history of exercise.

At the 1994 congress, discussions were four main directions that determine the further development of OD:

· The contribution of the Olympic movement to modern society and the prospects for its further development in the new modern conditions.

· The role and place of an athlete in the modern Olympic movement.

· The social significance of the Olympic movement.

· Sports and the media, their mutual influence and further development of the relationship.

After the discovery of corruption in the selection of Salt Lake City in 1998 as the host of the 2002 Olympics, President Samaranch immediately created a commission to investigate and collect evidence.

As a result, 4 resignations, 6 dismissals and 10 official warnings followed.

This incident showed the members of the IOC that the modernization of the organization is inevitable. It was carried out in the as soon as possible. In 1999, at the 110th IOC Session, the following radical decisions were made:

· the procedure for selecting candidates for the OI-2006 was simplified;

· canceled visits of members to the cities-applicants to host the Games;

· the Commission on Candidates for Members of the IOC was established;

· IOC members include 15 active athletes chosen by the athletes themselves during the Olympics, 15 members from IFs, 15 from NOCs, 70 other individual members;

· the mandate of IOC members is valid for 8 years and is renewed through re-elections;

· the maximum number of members is 115;

· the president's mandate is limited to 8 years, with the possibility of a one-time extension for 4 years;

· age limit reduced to 70 years;

· Ethics Commission established;

· created by WADA;

· increased financial transparency of the activities of the OD through the publication of a report on the sources of funding and directions for using the income of the OD;

· The press was admitted to the IOC Session for the first time.

November 4, 2011

The backbone of the international sports life in the modern world is the Olympic movement, which rightfully occupies a leading place in a galaxy of various social and cultural phenomena of human civilization. In terms of its mass character, traditions, scale, the Olympic Movement has no equal among all other non-governmental movements and public organizations. The influence of the ideas of Olympism is currently unusually great, and the International Olympic Committee is now one of the most authoritative and respected sports organizations.

The Olympic movement originated in the earliest stages of ancient civilization - the first Olympic Games took place in 776 BC. e. in Ancient Greece. Since then, the Games have played an important role for many centuries, being the main sporting and cultural event in the life of various peoples.

The concept of modern Olympism belongs to Pierre de Coubertin, on whose initiative the International Athletic Congress was held in Paris in June 1894. On June 23, 1894, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was formed, which became the central management and organizational structure of the world Olympic movement.

The revived Olympic Movement, according to the plan of P. Coubertin, was to become that positive force that opposed aggressiveness, militancy, racial and religious hatred. The Olympic Games were intended to be an instrument of peace and cooperation between peoples, where the winners were determined not on the battlefields, but on stadiums and sports tracks. At the same time, P. Coubertin and his associates proposed not only to revive the Olympics in their unchanged form, but also to modernize the Games and the Olympic movement in the spirit of modern times. All positive principles were borrowed from the ancient Olympics (fair play, the cessation of hostilities for the period of the Games, etc.) and the elements of discrimination were canceled (non-participation of women, persons of non-Greek origin). Thus, the Olympic Movement was originally conceived by its organizers as an international social movement with high goals and ideals - for the harmonious development of man, for the connection of sports with culture and education, for the creation of a new way of life, for the achievement of peace and cultural prosperity.

For the practical implementation of the lofty goals of Olympism, Coubertin and his associates created a special management and organizational structure - the IOC, which initially concentrated the entirety of the supreme power of the Olympic movement.

The need to create the IOC as an organizational and management structure is obvious - without it, the entire international Olympic movement becomes an inefficient and unviable entity. Only a permanent management body with appropriate financial, organizational and human resources is capable of solving complex problems of an international scale.

But it is absolutely not enough to form a management body and give it the appropriate powers. It is necessary that the established committee be a representative and authoritative body. And this, in turn, is impossible without the election and turnover of its members on a democratic basis.

For the effective operation of the management structure, a necessary condition is a clear definition of the scope of its tasks and powers, rights and obligations, which are set out in a special legal document. For the Olympic Movement, such a document is called the Olympic Charter. This legal act is a document of a public law nature, that is, it is intended not only for the internal use of the Olympic Committee, but is available to all persons who wish to familiarize themselves with its contents.

Another important principle of the activity of the administrative structure of the Olympic Movement is its independence from the political influence of any states and political blocs. It is obvious that if the Olympic Movement falls under someone's political influence or adheres to partisan positions, it will quickly lose its international prestige and global significance. The same can be said about financial dependence on any commercial or government organizations. The understanding of this fact was embodied in the Olympic Charter, which states that the IOC "is a non-governmental organization not created for profit." This clause allows the IOC to maintain its political and commercial independence.

The principles listed above formed the basis for the practical activities of the IOC, which has been successfully fulfilling its assigned role for more than a century. In particular, the IOC should ensure that the Olympic Games are held regularly; determine their program and composition of participants (in cooperation with international sports federations and the host country of the Games); register Olympic records; to promote the development of sports throughout the world; promote the development and strengthening of friendship between athletes of all countries and continents, without allowing racial, religious and political discrimination against countries and individuals.

In organizational terms, the IOC is formed as follows. The total number of members of the committee should not exceed 115 members, which can only be individuals. The composition of the IOC is elected at a general meeting called the Session. Sessions are held at least once a year. If necessary, the IOC Session is also convened at the initiative of the President or at the written request of at least one third of the IOC members (see Fig. 1).

At the IOC Session, the President is elected for a term of 8 years with confirmation of his powers after four years. In addition, the Session elects the members of the IOC Executive Board for a 4-year term. The Executive Committee consists of the President, four vice-presidents and ten members. All members of the Executive Committee are elected at the Session by secret ballot by a majority of the votes cast for them.

Any citizen of their country aged 18 or over may become an IOC member, provided that their candidacy is presented in accordance with the requirements of the IOC and considered by the Commission on Nominations.

To propose candidates for election to the IOC have the right:

• IOC members: each member of the IOC is entitled to propose one or more candidates for election to the membership of the IOC;
• IOC Athletes' Commission has the right to propose one or more candidates;
• National Olympic Committees: Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC), Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA), European Olympic Committees (EOC), Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), Pan American Sports Organization (PASO), National Olympic Committees of Oceania (ONOC), jointly with any NOC recognized by the IOC, has the right to submit one or more candidates for election as a member of the IOC;
• International Olympic Sports Federations: The Association of International Summer Olympic Sports Federations (ASOIF), the Association of International Winter Olympic Sports Federations (AIOVF) and all International Federations that are members of ASOIF and AIOVF are eligible to submit one or two candidates for election to the IOC.

Day-to-day managerial functions to ensure the effective functioning of the Olympic Committee are carried out by the IOC Executive Board, headed by the President. The powers and duties of the Executive Board in the management of the affairs of the IOC are that it:

- oversees the observance of the Olympic Charter;
- is responsible for the administrative work of the IOC;
- approves the internal structure of the IOC and all internal regulations relating to its organization;
- Responsible for managing the finances of the IOC and preparing an annual report;
— submit a report to the Session on any proposed changes to the Rules and Bye-Laws;
- presents to the IOC Session the names of the persons whom the IOC recommends for election;
– monitors the procedure for the adoption and selection of city candidates for the organization of the Olympic Games;
- determines and assigns the insignia of the IOC;
- prepares the agenda of the IOC Sessions;
- performs any other duties assigned to it by the Session.

The President directs the activities of the IOC Executive Board, creates permanent commissions or commissions convened as necessary, forms working groups where necessary, determines the scope of their duties and personal composition. The President also decides to dissolve commissions and groups when he considers that they have fulfilled their mission. No meetings of commissions or working groups may be held without the prior consent of the President of the IOC. The President is a member of all commissions and working groups ex officio and has priority when present at their meetings.

Obviously, the effective work of the IOC as a management structure is impossible without attracting the necessary financial resources that are needed to ensure the activities of both the IOC itself and to support the Olympic Movement as a whole.

Given the importance of creating a sound financial base for the proper development of the Olympic Movement, the IOC is developing special marketing programs to raise funds. Programs for the implementation of the rights to broadcast the Olympic Games to telecommunications companies, programs for working with corporate sponsors, and the minting of commemorative coins and medals are of priority importance.

The IOC funds received as a result of the implementation of marketing programs are redistributed between the National Olympic Committees, International Sports Federations and the Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games. As a rule, the IOC directs about 7% of the funds received to maintain its own activities.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

International Olympic Committee(abbr. IOC , fr. Comite international olympique , English International Olympic Committee ) is an international organization created to revive the Olympic Games and promote the Olympic movement. The committee is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Mission and role of the IOC

The role of the IOC is the leadership of the Olympic Movement and the development of the Olympic Games, in accordance with the Olympic Charter. The IOC encourages the organization and development of sports and sports competitions, ensures the regular holding of the Olympic Games.

The IOC owns all rights to the Olympic Games. At the same time, the functions of organizing the Olympic Games are carried out not by the IOC, but by Organising Committee created in the host country.

IOC funding

The only source of funding for the IOC is the private sector. Most of the funds come from television companies and sponsors. Through these partners, the IOC can significantly contribute to the organization of the Olympic Games, the annual activities of National Olympic Committees and international sports delegations.

As of early 2010, the IOC receives income from the sale of rights to broadcast the Olympic Games (53% of the total), from sponsors (34%), from ticket sales (11%) and from licensing (2%). The IOC's revenue in 2008 was $2.4 billion.

Decision-making process in the IOC

IOC members

The members of the IOC, contrary to popular misconception, are not National Olympic Committees, but individuals in the amount of not more than 115 people, of which 70 members are not associated with any particular position or activity, 15 members are active athletes, 15 members represent international sports federations or their associations and 15 members represent National Olympic Committees or their associations. For a long time only men were members of the IOC, women were first elected members of the IOC only in 1981.

National Olympic Committees operate on the basis of IOC recognition. As of early 2016, there are a total of 206 National Olympic Committees recognized by the IOC. Of these, 193 represent UN member states, and another 13 (American Samoa, Aruba, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Virgin Islands (USA), Hong Kong, Guam, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, State of Palestine, Puerto Rico, Republic of Kosovo , Chinese Taipei) represent other territories with different status. The National Olympic Committees of all UN-recognized states also have IOC recognition. Each of the National Olympic Committees reports to its Continental Olympic Associations:

• Africa - ANOCA Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa - Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa)
• America - PASO Pan American Sports Organization - Pan American Sports Organization)
• Asia - OCA Olympic Council of Asia- Olympic Council of Asia)
• Europe - EOC European Olympic Committees- European Olympic Committees)
• Oceania - ONOC Oceania National Olympic Committees - National Olympic Committees of Oceania)

IOC Executive Board

Job title	Name	Country
The president	Bach, Thomas	Germany Germany
Vice President	El Mutawakel, Nawal	Morocco Morocco
Vice President	Ready, Craig	UK UK
Vice President	Coates, John	Australia Australia
Vice President	Caiqing Yu	PRC PRC
CEO	Kepper, Christoph de	Belgium Belgium
Member	Wu Chin-kuo	Republic of China Republic of China
Member	Fasel, Rene	Switzerland Switzerland
Member	Hickey, Patrick	Ireland Ireland
Member	Boeckel, Claudia	Germany Germany
Member	Samaranch, Juan Antonio Jr.	Spain Spain
Member	Bubka, Sergey Nazarovich	Ukraine Ukraine
Member	Luhan, Willy Kaltschmitt	Guatemala Guatemala
Member	Defranz, Anita	USA USA
Member	Erdener, Ugur	Turkey Turkey
Member	Lindbergh, Gunilla	Sweden Sweden

Commissions, committees and structures of the IOC

commission/committee	Title in English	Year of creation	Chairman
Executive committee	IOC Executive Board	1921	Thomas Bach
Athletes Commission	Athletes' Commission	1981	Claudia Bokel
Athletes Relations Commission	Athletes' Entourage Commission		Sergey Bubka
Audit Committee	Audit Committee		Pierre-Olivier Beckers-Vieughan
Communications Commission	Communications Commission		Camille Airlings
Coordinating Commission Rio de Janeiro 2016	Coordination Commission For Rio de Janeiro 2016		Nawal el-Mutawakel
PyeongChang 2018 Coordinating Commission	Coordination Commission For PyeongChang 2018		Gunilla Lindberg
Tokyo 2020 Coordinating Commission	Coordination Commission For Tokyo 2020		John Coates
Coordinating Commission Lillehammer 2016	Coordination Commission For The Lillehammer 2016 YOG		Angela Ruggiero
Buenos Aires 2018 Coordinating Commission	Coordination Commission YOG Buenos Aires 2018		Frank Fredericks
Commission for Culture and Olympic Heritage	Culture and Olympic Heritage Commission		Lambis Nicolau
Delegate Members	Delegate Members		Patrick Hickey
Ethics Commission	Ethics Commission	1999	Yussouf Ndiaye
Evaluation Commission YOGI-2020	Evaluation Commission YOG 2020		Yang Yang (A)
Evaluation Commission ZOG-2022	Evaluation Commission Olympic Winter Games 2022		Alexander Zhukov
Financial Commission	Finance Commission		Eun Ser Miang
Commission for the Election of Members of the IOC	IOC Members Election Commission		Princess Anna
IOC Representatives on the Executive Board and the WADA Board of Founders	IOC Representatives on the WADA Executive Committee and Foundation Board		Craig Ready
Legal Affairs Commission	legal affairs		John Coates
Marketing Commission	Marketing Commission		Tsunekazu Takeda
Commission for Medicine and Science	Medical And Scientific Commission		Ugur Erdener
Olympic Education Commission	Olympic Education Commission		Philip Craven
Commission on Olympic program	Olympic Program Commission		Franco Carraro
Olympic Solidarity Commission	Olympic Solidarity Commission	1981	Ahmed al-Fahad al-Sabah
Commission for Public Relations and Social Development through Sports	Public Affairs And Social Development Through Sport		Mario Pescante
Commission "Sport and Active Society"	Sport And Active Society Commission	1983	Sam Ramsami
Development and Heritage Commission	Sustainability and Legacy Commission	1995	Albert II
Commission "Women in Sports"	Women In Sport Commission	2004	Lydia Nsekera
olympic channel	Olympic Channel		Larry Probst
Olympic Channel Services S.A. (Switzerland)	Olympic Channel Services S.A.		Thomas Bach
Olympic Broadcasting Services S.A. (Switzerland)	Olympic Broadcasting Services S.A.		Richard Pound

IOC Presidents

All IOC presidents have been Europeans except Brundage.

Presidents	Country	Presidency years	Notes
Demetrius Vikelas	Greece	-
Baron Pierre de Coubertin	France France	- and -	Honorary President of the IOC from 1925 to 1937
Baron Godefroy de Blonay	Switzerland Switzerland	- (and about.)
Count Henri de Baillet-Latour	Belgium Belgium	-
Siegfried Edström	Sweden Sweden	- (and about. -)
Avery Brundage	USA USA	-	First President of the IOC who previously competed in the Olympics as an athlete
Lord Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin	Ireland Ireland	-
Marquis Juan Antonio Samaranch	Spain Spain	-	Honorary President of the IOC from 2001 to 2010
Count Jacques Rogge	Belgium Belgium	-	The first president of the IOC, who previously repeatedly participated in the Olympic Games as an athlete (, and). Honorary President since 2013
Thomas Bach	Germany Germany	since 2013	First President of the IOC, formerly Olympic champion(1976, fencing)

see also

• International Olympic Committee at Wikinews
  • (English) (French)

  An excerpt characterizing the International Olympic Committee

  – Comment me prouverez vous la verite de ce que vous me dites? [How will you prove to me the justice of your words?] – said Davout coldly.
  Pierre remembered Rambal and named his regiment, and his last name, and the street on which the house was.
  - Vous n "etes pas ce que vous dites, [You are not what you say.] - Davout said again.
  Pierre, in a trembling, broken voice, began to give evidence of the validity of his testimony.
  But at that moment the adjutant entered and reported something to Davout.
  Davout suddenly beamed at the news given by the adjutant, and began to button up. He apparently completely forgot about Pierre.
  When the adjutant reminded him of the prisoner, he, frowning, nodded in the direction of Pierre and told him to be led. But where he was to be led - Pierre did not know: back to the booth or to the prepared place of execution, which, passing through the Maiden's Field, was shown to him by his comrades.
  He turned his head and saw that the adjutant was asking something again.
  – Oui, sans doute! [Yes, of course!] - said Davout, but Pierre did not know what "yes" was.
  Pierre did not remember how, how long he walked and where. He, in a state of complete senselessness and stupefaction, not seeing anything around him, moved his legs along with others until everyone stopped, and he stopped. One thought for all this time was in the head of Pierre. It was the thought of who, who, finally, sentenced him to death. These were not the same people who interrogated him in the commission: none of them wanted and, obviously, could not do this. It was not Davout who looked at him so humanly. Another minute, and Davout would have understood what they were doing badly, but this minute was prevented by the adjutant who entered. And this adjutant, obviously, did not want anything bad, but he might not have entered. Who, finally, executed, killed, took his life - Pierre with all his memories, aspirations, hopes, thoughts? Who did it? And Pierre felt that it was nobody.
  It was an order, a warehouse of circumstances.
  Some kind of order was killing him - Pierre, depriving him of his life, of everything, destroying him.

  From the house of Prince Shcherbatov, the prisoners were led straight down the Maiden Field, to the left of the Maiden Monastery, and led to the garden, on which stood a pillar. Behind the post a large pit with freshly dug earth was dug, and a large crowd of people stood in a semicircle around the pit and the post. The crowd consisted of a small number of Russians and a large number of Napoleonic troops out of formation: Germans, Italians and French in heterogeneous uniforms. To the right and left of the pillar stood the fronts of the French troops in blue uniforms with red epaulettes, boots and shakos.
  The criminals were placed in a certain order, which was on the list (Pierre was the sixth), and brought to the post. Several drums suddenly struck from both sides, and Pierre felt that with this sound, a part of his soul seemed to be torn off. He lost the ability to think and reason. He could only see and hear. And he had only one desire - the desire that something terrible be done as soon as possible, which had to be done. Pierre looked back at his comrades and examined them.
  Two people from the edge were shaved guards. One is tall, thin; the other is black, furry, muscular, with a flattened nose. The third was a house serf, about forty-five years old, with graying hair and a plump, well-fed body. The fourth was a peasant, very handsome, with a bushy blond beard and black eyes. The fifth was a factory worker, yellow, thin fellow, eighteen years old, in a dressing gown.
  Pierre heard that the French were discussing how to shoot - one at a time or two at a time? “Two,” the senior officer answered coldly and calmly. There was a movement in the ranks of the soldiers, and it was noticeable that everyone was in a hurry - and they were in a hurry not in the way they are in a hurry to do a task that is understandable to everyone, but in the same way as they are in a hurry to complete a necessary, but unpleasant and incomprehensible task.
  A French official in a scarf approached right side ranks of criminals read the verdict in Russian and French.
  Then two pairs of Frenchmen approached the criminals and, at the direction of the officer, took two guards who were standing on the edge. The watchmen, going up to the post, stopped and, while they brought the bags, silently looked around them, as a downed animal looks at a suitable hunter. One kept crossing himself, the other scratched his back and made a movement like a smile with his lips. The soldiers, hurrying with their hands, began to blindfold them, put on bags and tie them to a post.
  Twelve men of shooters with rifles stepped out from behind the ranks with measured, firm steps and stopped eight paces from the post. Pierre turned away so as not to see what was to come. Suddenly there was a crash and a roar, which seemed to Pierre louder than the most terrible thunderclaps, and he looked around. There was smoke, and the French, with pale faces and trembling hands, were doing something by the pit. They took the other two. In the same way, with the same eyes, these two looked at everyone, in vain, with the same eyes, silently, asking for protection and, apparently, not understanding and not believing what would happen. They could not believe, because they alone knew what their life was like for them, and therefore did not understand and did not believe that it could be taken away.
  Pierre wanted not to look and turned away again; but again, as if a terrible explosion struck his hearing, and together with these sounds he saw smoke, someone's blood, and the pale, frightened faces of the French, again doing something at the post, pushing each other with trembling hands. Pierre, breathing heavily, looked around him, as if asking: what is this? The same question was in all the looks that met Pierre's.
  On all the faces of Russians, on the faces of French soldiers, officers, all without exception, he read the same fear, horror and struggle that were in his heart. “But who is doing this after all? They all suffer just like me. Who? Who?” - for a second flashed in Pierre's soul.
  – Tirailleurs du 86 me, en avant! [Arrows of the 86th, forward!] Someone shouted. They took the fifth, who was standing next to Pierre, - one. Pierre did not understand that he was saved, that he and all the others were brought here only to be present at the execution. He looked at what was being done with ever-increasing horror, feeling neither joy nor calm. The fifth was a factory worker in a dressing gown. As soon as they touched him, he jumped back in horror and grabbed Pierre (Pierre shuddered and pulled away from him). The factory worker could not go. They dragged him under the armpits, and he shouted something. When they brought him to the post, he suddenly fell silent. He seemed to suddenly understand something. Either he realized that it was useless to shout, or that it was impossible for people to kill him, but he stood at the post, waiting for the bandage along with the others and, like a wounded animal, looking around him with shining eyes.
  Pierre could no longer take it upon himself to turn away and close his eyes. The curiosity and excitement of him and the whole crowd at this fifth murder reached the highest degree. Like the others, this fifth one seemed calm: he wrapped his robe and scratched one bare foot against the other.
  When they began to blindfold him, he straightened the very knot on the back of his head, which cut him; then, when they leaned him against a bloodied post, he fell back, and, as he was uncomfortable in this position, he recovered and, placing his legs evenly, leaned calmly. Pierre did not take his eyes off him, not missing the slightest movement.
  A command must have been heard; after the command, shots of eight guns must have been heard. But Pierre, no matter how much he tried to remember later, did not hear the slightest sound from the shots. He only saw how, for some reason, the factory worker suddenly sank down on the ropes, how blood appeared in two places, and how the very ropes, from the weight of the hanging body, unraveled and the factory worker, unnaturally lowering his head and twisting his leg, sat down. Pierre ran up to the post. Nobody held him back. Frightened, pale people were doing something around the factory. An old, mustachioed Frenchman's jaw shook as he untied the ropes. The body went down. The soldiers awkwardly and hurriedly dragged him behind a post and began to push him into the pit.
  Everyone, apparently, undoubtedly knew that they were criminals who needed to cover up the traces of their crime as soon as possible.
  Pierre looked into the pit and saw that the factory worker was lying there with his knees up, close to his head, one shoulder higher than the other. And this shoulder convulsively, evenly fell and rose. But already shovels of earth were falling all over the body. One of the soldiers angrily, viciously and painfully shouted at Pierre to return. But Pierre did not understand him and stood at the post, and no one drove him away.
  When the pit was already filled up, a command was heard. Pierre was taken to his place, and the French troops, standing in fronts on both sides of the pillar, made a half-turn and began to walk past the pillar with measured steps. Twenty-four men of riflemen with unloaded guns, standing in the middle of the circle, ran up to their places, while the companies passed by them.
  Pierre was now looking with meaningless eyes at these shooters, who ran out of the circle in pairs. All but one joined the companies. A young soldier with a deadly pale face, in a shako that fell back, having lowered his gun, was still standing opposite the pit in the place from which he fired. He staggered like a drunk, taking a few steps forward and then back to support his falling body. An old soldier, a non-commissioned officer, ran out of the ranks and, grabbing a young soldier by the shoulder, dragged him into the company. The crowd of Russians and French began to disperse. Everyone walked in silence, with their heads bowed.
  - Ca leur apprendra a incendier, [This will teach them to set fire.] - said one of the French. Pierre looked back at the speaker and saw that he was a soldier who wanted to console himself with something in what had been done, but could not. Without finishing what he started, he waved his hand and walked away.

  After the execution, Pierre was separated from the other defendants and left alone in a small, ruined and filthy church.
  Before evening, the guard non-commissioned officer with two soldiers entered the church and announced to Pierre that he was forgiven and was now entering the barracks of prisoners of war. Not understanding what they told him, Pierre got up and went with the soldiers. He was led to the booths built at the top of the field from burnt boards, logs and hews and entered into one of them. In the darkness about twenty different people surrounded Pierre. Pierre looked at them, not understanding who these people were, why they were and what they wanted from him. He heard the words that were spoken to him, but did not draw any conclusion or application from them: he did not understand their meaning. He himself answered what was asked of him, but did not understand who was listening to him and how his answers would be understood. He looked at faces and figures, and they all seemed equally meaningless to him.
  From the moment Pierre saw this terrible murder committed by people who did not want to do this, it was as if in his soul that spring was suddenly pulled out, on which everything was supported and seemed to be alive, and everything fell into a heap of senseless rubbish. In him, although he did not realize himself, faith was destroyed in the improvement of the world, and in the human, and in his soul, and in God. This state was experienced by Pierre before, but never with such force as now. Before, when such doubts were found on Pierre, these doubts had their source of guilt. And in the very depths of his soul, Pierre then felt that from that despair and those doubts there was salvation in himself. But now he felt that it was not his fault that the world had collapsed in his eyes and only meaningless ruins remained. He felt that it was not in his power to return to faith in life.
  Around him in the darkness stood people: it is true that something interested them very much in him. They told him something, asked about something, then they took him somewhere, and he finally found himself in the corner of the booth next to some people who were talking from different sides, laughing.
  “And now, my brothers ... the same prince who (with a special emphasis on the word which) ...” said a voice in the opposite corner of the booth.