XXII Summer Olympic Games were held in 1980 in Moscow. The decision to choose the capital of the 1980 Olympic Games was made by the International Olympic Committee at its 75th session on October 23, 1974, in Vienna. At the last stage of voting, the IOC members had to make a choice between the cities of Los Angeles and Moscow, as a result, Moscow won with a ratio of votes of 39 to 20.

For the first time, the Olympic Games were to be held in a socialist country. In March 1975, the Organizing Committee "Olympic Games-80" was created, which Olympic Committee The USSR transferred the rights and functions for the preparation and holding of the Olympic Games. The 79th session of the IOC (June 1977, Prague) approved the program-schedule of the competitions of the Games of the XXII Olympiad in Moscow.
In 1975-80, in preparation for the Olympic Games, in accordance with the master plan for the development of Moscow (as well as Tallinn, Leningrad and Minsk), about 20 sports and other facilities were built and reconstructed for the Olympics. Among them are sports complex Olympic, Luzhniki Stadium, Sheremetyevo-2 Airport, Kirov Stadium in Leningrad. To promote the Olympic Games and Olympic Movement in general on the territory of the USSR and obtaining additional funds for the organization of competitions, the organizing committee developed a program for holding Olympic lotteries, publishing sports literature, a series of sports stamps, badges, posters and souvenirs.
Opening
At the request of the Organizing Committee of the Games of the XXII Olympiad, the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information studied the results of observations of the Moscow weather for almost 100 years. And it was concluded that the warmest and clearest weather in summer in Moscow occurs in the second half of July - early August, and it was during these periods that it was decided to hold Olympic competitions. The opening of the Games of the XXII Olympiad took place on July 19, 1980. The Grand Sports Arena of the Luzhniki stadium was chosen as the venue for the opening ceremony. First on Olympic Stadium three-time Olympic champion Viktor Saneev appeared, who brought a torch with the Olympic flame into the stadium. Having made a circle along the track of the stadium, he passed the torch to the Soviet basketball player, Olympic champion Sergei Belov. Above the rows of the East Stand, an improvised path of snow-white shields appeared. Belov ran along it, raising a flaming torch high above his head. On behalf of all participants, the hero of the Games in Montreal, gymnast Nikolai Andrianov, took the Olympic oath. An image of Soviet cosmonauts Leonid Popov and Valery Ryumin appeared on the information board of the stadium. From outer space, they greeted the Olympians and wished them happy starts. A little later, Leonid Brezhnev declared the XXII Summer Olympic Games open. One by one, the national Olympic teams marched down the stadium's running track in a traditional welcome march. More than 16,000 athletes, amateur and professional artists took part in the dance and sports plots of the opening ceremony, which lasted about 3 hours.
closure
The closing ceremony of the Games of the XXII Olympiad took place on August 3 at the Luzhniki Olympic Stadium. The white Olympic flag was slowly lowered to the sound of the Olympic anthem. Girls in tunics approached the bowl with the Olympic flame and formed a composition resembling an ancient Greek fresco. The Olympic flame in the bowl was slowly fading away.
On the screen artistic background, made of colored shields, the image of Misha, the symbol of the Olympics-80, arose. The inscription "Good trip!" appeared, and a tear rolled from the bear's eye. An orchestra entered the arena of the stadium, performing a number of rebuildings to the sounds of the march. Then the athletes entered the field of the stadium, who synchronously performed the exercises, each from their own sport.
At the very end of the closing ceremony, guests and viewers were in for a surprise that everyone still remembers. A huge “Misha” floated out into the middle of the stadium, grabbing hold of colorful balloons. He waved goodbye with his paw and began to slowly rise above the stadium until he disappeared into the sky. Simultaneously with the rise of the bear into the sky, the song of the composer Alexandra Pakhmutova and the poet Nikolai Dobronravov sounded “Goodbye, Moscow!”
During the performance of the song, many of the audience cried.
During the 1980 Summer Olympics, Soviet athletes won 80 gold, 69 silver and 46 bronze medals, a total of 195. The closest rivals, the GDR team, won 126 medals (47 gold, 37 silver and 42 bronze)

Symbol of the 1980 Summer Olympics - Olympic Bear

Porcelain figurine of the Olympic bear

The hotel complex "Cosmos" was built to serve XXII Olympic games held in Moscow in 1980.

Olympic postcards

Single ticket for the period of the Olympic Games

Olympic postcards

Badges with Olympic symbols

Next is a small photo selection of "Olympics 80"

Lecture 5

1.1 Games of the XV - XVII Olympiad.

1.2 Games of the XVIII - XX Olympiads.

1.3 Games of the XXI - XXII Olympiads.

1.4 Games of XXIII – XXIV Olympiads.

1.1 Games of the XV - XVII Olympiads. The Olympic movement developed, grew stronger, but there were still no athletes of the USSR among the Olympians. There were also no German athletes at several Games. But they were not allowed by the IOC, which punished, in fact, not the athletes themselves, but the country that unleashed the First and Second World Wars.

For completely different reasons, athletes from the USSR did not compete at the Games. For the then leaders of the country of the Soviets, the Games were considered "a bourgeois legacy of the past."

Meanwhile, the IOC and the National Olympic Committees of various countries wanted to establish contacts with our sports organizations. After all, the glory of the strength of the athletes of the USSR went around the world. The USSR was offered friendship by the Olympic committees of France, the USA, Japan, and Finland. But every time they received a polite refusal.

Prepositions in this or that case were invented different. But the true “reason” was always the same: our guys do not need to meet with the “sports bourgeois”! However, it should be noted here that in many countries the attitude towards our sport was also far from the most friendly. After all, sports and politics were also mixed there, and therefore they did not want to see "communists" in the Olympic stadiums.

But in the first post-war years, serious transformations began in the sport of the USSR. Interest in sports among young people grew, intensive training of coaches began, sports science developed, leading athletes began to receive state support. And all this taken together immediately led to success at the World and European Championships.

In May 1951, the 45th session of the IOC recognized the National Olympic Committee of the USSR, and in 1952 the USSR Olympic team made its debut at Games of the XV Olympiad in Helsinki, Finland. From this day begins the countdown of the Olympic successes of Belarusian athletes who were part of the team of the Soviet Union. 4955 athletes from 69 countries participated in the games. 149 sets of medals were played in 17 sports.

June 20, 1952 discus thrower Nina Romanova (Ponomareva) became the first Olympic champion in the history of sports in the USSR. At the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, she was third, and four years later, in Olympic Rome, first again. And then, in Helsinki, there was an amazing moment when three athletes from the USSR rose to the podium at once.

295 athletes of the USSR out of 10 took part in the Olympic Games for the first time union republics. They performed throughout the program of the Games, except for field hockey.

Athletes of the USSR had almost no experience in world competitions and, nevertheless, achieved great success in Helsinki: 71 medals (22 gold, 30 silver, 19 bronze). Perennial Olympic leaders - US athletes - had not much more - 76.

Gymnast Viktor Chukarin(later a seven-time Olympic champion) won the all-around. And, moreover, not only in Helsinki, but four years later in Melbourne!

Yuri Tyukalov became the strongest in rowing. Anatoly Bagdanov- in shooting. Weightlifters won 3 gold medals, and wrestlers - 6. Since then, the USSR Olympians have been among the leaders in Olympic sports for almost forty years.

The USSR team included 7 pupils of Belarusian sports organizations- rower Stefan Mikhailov, athletes Mikhail Krivonosov, Mikhail Saltykov, Anatoly Yulin, Timofey Lunev, fencers Yuri Deksbakh and German Bokun. In Helsinki, Anatoly Yulin performed most successfully, finishing fourth in the 400m hurdles. But for the rest of our participants, the Games became a serious school and largely determined their future fate. So German Bokun became an outstanding coach and trained a whole galaxy of wonderful fencers - world and Olympic champions, and Mikhail Krivonosov improved his results and won the first award for the republic at the next Olympics.

In 1956, the Games were held in Australia for the first time. Since summer in Australia starts in December, The Games of the XVI Olympiad were held from November 22 to December 8 in Melbourne. Among the debutant countries were Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Fiji and others.

In connection with the Commonwealth of Australia law on a six-month quarantine for imported animals, equestrian competitions were held in Stockholm from 11 to 17 June 1956.

Due to the remoteness of the Australian continent, the number of participants in the Olympic Games has decreased, but wrestling only grew. In weightlifting competitions in all seven weight categories, Olympic records were updated, three of them exceeded world records. Swimmers set 12 new Olympic records. AT athletics Olympic records were updated in 26 disciplines out of 31 included in the competition program.

The USSR team won an unconditional victory over the US athletes. Soviet athletes won in football, gymnastics, Greco-Roman wrestling, boxing, rowing and canoeing, modern pentathlon, confidently performed in athletics, rowing, freestyle wrestling, basketball. In total, they won 37 gold, 29 silver and 32 bronze medals.

The record holder of the Games in the number of gold medals won was a gymnast Larisa Latynina. She won in four events gymnastic program. This most unique athlete at the next two Games - in Rome and Tokyo - added 5 more awards to her golden collection and thus became the owner of nine highest Olympic titles. In addition, Latynina has 5 more silver and 4 bronze medals. Until now, no one has managed to exceed this amazing achievement - 18 Olympic medals!

The runner became the hero of the Games Vladimir Kuts. He won amazingly beautiful victories at distances of 5000 and 10000 meters with new Olympic records. Vladimir Kuts confessed twice the best athlete planets.

The USSR team included eight Belarusian athletes: Arnold Chernushevich, Alexander Ovsyankin, Vladimir Bulatov, Olga Kosheleva, Evgeny Sokolov, Anatoly Yulin, Maria Itkina, Mikhail Krivonosov.

The most successful performance Mikhail Krivonosov, who won the first medal in the history of the BSSR - silver in the hammer throw. In the second and third attempts, the Belarusian set Olympic records by launching the hammer at 63.00 and 63.03 m.

Maria Itkina was fourth in the 4x100m relay team. Anatoly Yulin- eighth at distances of 400 m hurdles and 4x400 m

The Games of the XVII Olympiad were held from August 25 to September 11 in 1960 in Rome, Italy. A record number of athletes participated - 5338 from 83 countries. 150 sets of medals were played in 17 sports. For the first time television broadcasts were organized from the Olympic arenas, which contributed to the further growth of the popularity of the Games.

The USSR team was one of the largest - 284 athletes from all the all-Union republics and won an even more convincing victory in the team event.

Of the athletes of the USSR, the gymnast achieved the greatest success Boris Shakhlin(later a seven-time Olympic champion). He won 4 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze medals.

Special mention should be made of the heavyweight weightlifter Yuri Vlasov. Before in this weight category American athletes certainly excelled. Vlasov violated "American dominance." Yes, and set Olympic and world records!

The USSR track and field team fought on equal terms with the leaders of this sport - the Americans. Fencers managed to outplay recognized masters from Hungary and Italy. Rowers, shooters, Greco-Roman wrestlers performed well.

Belarusian athletes made a significant medal contribution to the USSR team treasury. Gomelchanin Leonid Geishtor and Ukrainian Sergey Makarenko won the Olympic "gold" in the canoe-deuce at a distance of 1000 m. The champion of the Games did not know defeat on the wrestling mat Oleg Karavaev. Confidently won the team of foil fencers of the USSR, which included Tatyana Samusenko(subsequently three times Olympic champion). Despite the hand injury, the gymnast performed successfully Nikolai Miligulo, who became the silver medalist of the Olympics. Second place in the triple jump with a score of 16.63 m Vladimir Goryaev. Bronze awards in team competition Belarusian foil fencers won Arnold Chernushevich and Alexander Pavlovsky. Athlete Maria Itkina three times (at distances of 100, 200, and 4x100 m) she became fourth, a little short of the Olympic awards.

The contribution of Belarusian athletes to the Olympic piggy bank of the Soviet team grew from the Olympics to the Olympics.

1.2 Games of the XVIII - XX Olympiads. For the first time the Olympic Games were held in Asia. The Games of the XVIII Olympiad were held on October 10-12, 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. Their feature was the participation of countries liberated from colonial oppression. There were slightly fewer participants here than in Rome, but there were more participating countries - 93. The USSR team also became more representative - 319 athletes.

The competition program has expanded somewhat. Volleyball and judo appeared in it.

The boxers did well. Among the athletes burned brighter than others sports star Valeria Brumelya. He proved that it was not for nothing that he was called the best athlete in the world in 1961, 1962 and 1963 - three years in a row!

In Tokyo, the rower became the third time Olympic champion Vyacheslav Ivanov.

It is worth noting the American disco ball Alfred Orter who also won his third Olympic gold medal and then won his fourth Olympics four years later. Unique achievement!

Shining Czech gymnast Vera Chaslavska(subsequently the owner of seven gold Olympic medals).

Ethiopian Abebe Bikilu, having won his second, after Rome, gold medal became the first great athlete from the newly freed African continent. This athlete overcame the marathon distance barefoot.

The USSR Olympic team included 10 Belarusian athletes, three of whom became Olympic champions. Wrestler won his first gold medal in Tokyo Alexander Medved. The champion with an Olympic record of 69.74 m became Romuald Klim in hammer throwing, Elena Volchetskaya- for team victory in gymnastics. Tatyana Samusenko received a silver medal in the team fencing tournament. Minsk Dynamo Igor Bakalov became the fourth in shooting from a small-caliber pistol.

The games in Mexico in 1968 were, perhaps, the most "inconvenient" for Europeans: an unusual time zone, heat, rarefied air - after all, the capital Games of the XIX Olympiad Mexico City located at an altitude of 2240 meters at sea level. Competition in the Olympic arena intensified. The struggle for victory in most types of the program was at the level of world records. In athletics alone, 69 results were shown that exceeded world achievements.

And the most outstanding event, truly a miracle of the Games of the XIX Olympiad, was the long jump Bob Beamon. This black American flew 8 meters 90 centimeters, exceeding the world record by 55 cm at once! Until now, this achievement has not been surpassed at the Olympic Games (the record has already been broken though Michael Powell, also an American and equals 8 m 95 cm).

Mention should be made of the high jumper Dicke Fosbury. He became an Olympic champion by jumping the way he invented - back to the bar. Since then, all world achievements have been established only by this way of jumping (“fosbury flop”).

Among the athletes of the USSR, a gymnast should be noted Mikhail Voronin, boxer Boris Lagutin weightlifter Leonid Zhabotinsky. Grand Master of the Triple Jump Viktor Saneev won his first of three Olympic gold medals (an unrivaled achievement).

The Games were successful for the Belarusian sportsmen. 15 people included in the team of the Soviet Union represented six sports: freestyle wrestling ( Alexander Medved), cycling ( Victor Bykov and Alexander Dokhlyakov), gymnastics ( Larisa Petrik), bullet shooting ( Vitaly Parkhimovich), athletics(Gomel residents Vladislav Sapeya and Anatoly Shchuplyakov, Valentin Maslyakov, Mikhail Zhelobovsky, Viktor Balikhin, Romuald Klim) and fencing ( Alexey Nikanchikov, Yuri Smolyakov, Viktor Sidyak, Tatiana Samusenko and Elena Belova).

The Belarusians made a worthy contribution to the Olympic piggy bank of the USSR national team, having won 9 Olympic awards: 5 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze.

Another sports star from Belarus lit up in Mexico City - a fencer Elena Belova. At the Olympics, she became the owner of two gold medals - in the individual and team event! Literaturnaya Gazeta awarded her a special surprise prize. In the future, the victories of Elena Belova will become a pattern. Her name is included in the Guinness Book of Records for the record among fencers for the number of Olympic gold medals won (four medals at the Olympics in Mexico City, Munich and Montreal). Awarded with the Silver Order of the IOC.

Belarusian gymnast also excelled in Mexico City Larisa Petrik, who won gold medals in floor exercises and in a team performance, a bronze medal in beam exercises.

Close to repeating his success Romuald Klim, who set Olympic records in the third and fourth attempt, but in the last - fifth attempt, a thrower from Hungary Gyula Zywotsky sent a hammer 8 cm further than the Belarusian.

Like Alexander Medved, won the second gold medal Tatyana Samusenko for winning the team championship.

Our epee fencers climbed the podium Alexey Nikanchikov and Yuri Smolyakov, who won the "silver", and the shooter Vitaly Parkhimovich became the third in the shooting competitions from a small-caliber rifle.

Games of the XX Olympiad were held in Munich, 1972, Germany. By decision of the Organizing Committee of the Games, electronics, new materials and technologies were widely used in organizing the competition. For the first time, the results of athletics and swimming competitions were measured with an accuracy of 0.01 seconds. There were 46 world records in total.

One of the main characters of Munich was an American swimmer Mark Spitz, who won 7 gold medals and set 7 world records (later 9 times Olympic champion).

The performance of the sprinter can be attributed to sensational Valeria Borzova, which broke the long-term hegemony of the Americans at sprint distances of 100 and 200 m.

Representatives of Belarus made a significant contribution to the success of the Olympic team of the Soviet Union. 21 athletes competed in 10 sports and won 14 medals: 7 gold, 5 silver and 2 bronze.

35 year old Alexander Medved won the third gold medal, knelt down and, kissing the wrestling mat, said goodbye to him forever. Olga Korbut, Antonina Koshel and Tamara Lazakovich won the team competition. Tamara Lazakovich also won a silver and two bronze medals in individual events. Olga Korbut, 17, also won gold on balance beam and floor exercise, and silver on uneven bars. "Miracle with pigtails" - this is how enthusiastic journalists dubbed our countrywoman. Then in Munich, for the first time, experts started talking about the “Belarusian school of gymnastics”. Moreover, in the USSR men's team they performed well Vladimir Shchukin and Alexander Maleev who received silver medals in the team competition.

In a kayak-two, a representative of the Gomel region Nikolai Gorbachev together with the representative of Georgia Nikolay Kratasyuk won the gold medal in the 1000m.

Belarusian fencers won Olympic awards of the highest standard Viktor Sidyak- in the individual championship, Elena Belova and Tatiana Samusenko- in a team.

He won the gold medal as part of the USSR national basketball team Ivan Edeshko. His "golden pass" across the court with 3 seconds left in the final game with the score 50:49 in favor of the US team allowed Alexander Belov to throw the last ball into the opposing team's ring at the same time as the final siren and snatch this difficult victory.

Athlete Vladimir Lovetsky 4x100m relay, saber fencer Viktor Sidyak won silver medals in the team championship.

Athletes from 48 countries have won Olympic medals in total.

Unfortunately great organized Games The XX Olympiad was overshadowed by a tragedy - armed bandits from the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September broke into the Olympic village and took the members of the Israeli team hostage. People died in the ensuing shootout. The continuation of the Games was in jeopardy. Under these conditions, IOC President Avery Brundage said that we cannot allow the Olympics to become a place for trade, political actions or criminal activities, we cannot allow a handful of terrorists to ruin one of the main channels of international cooperation. The games continued. In the future, the organizers of the Olympics were forced to spend huge amounts of money on security.

1.3 Games of the XXI - XXII Olympiads. Four days before opening Games of the XXI Olympiad, as usual, the Olympic torch was lit in Greece, then, converted into electric current, the “fire” was transmitted via satellite to another continent, to Canada. There, the torch was lit again and the traditional relay race delivered the fire to Montreal.

The 1976 Games began so beautifully.

The teams of most African countries refused to participate in the Games for political reasons. African leaders protested in this way against the participation of the New Zealand team in the Games, whose athletes had recently played a rugby match with the team of the Republic of South Africa. It then flourished racial discrimination, oppression of the "non-white" population.

The Montreal Games were marked by many high results: 82 Olympic records, 34 of which were world records.

In Montreal, the United States tried to play the "anniversary card". On the eve of the 200th anniversary of the independence of the United States, the NOC of this country held the first centralized training camp for members national team, and in the newspapers there were calls to "crush the Soviets." However, the goal proved unattainable. Athletes of the USSR showed an unprecedented result - 125 medals (49 gold, 41 bronze, 35 silver).

In athletics, Olympic records were improved in 9 out of 13 events for women and 9 out of 23 for men, indicating intense competition.

Soviet athletes successfully performed in such types Olympic program as: volleyball, handball, gymnastics, track and field athletics, rowing and canoeing, fencing. For the first time among women's teams medals were awarded basketball tournament. The USSR national team won.

Gymnast Nikolai Andrianov won five gold medals. Grand Master of the Triple Jump Viktor Saneev became the silver medalist of the Games. The fencer excelled again Viktor Krovopuskov, who added the same amount to his two highest-quality awards of the previous Games.

In Montreal, she began her stellar sports career Romanian gymnast Nadya Komenach.

Belarus was represented in the USSR national team by 21 athletes. The participants of the Games have 7 gold, 5 silver and 5 bronze awards. This time the fencers were especially distinguished Elena Belova and Viktor Sidyak. In individual competitions, they were third, but in team competitions they received the highest awards. rapier Alexander Romankov won silver in the individual championship. Olympic Champions: Weightlifter Valery Shariy- with a new Olympic record, in bullet shooting Alexander Gasov also overtook another Belarusian with an Olympic record - Alexandra Kedyarova, became the second.

In rowing and canoeing "gold" won Vladimir Romanovsky(paired with Ukrainian Sergey Nagorny), in cycling - Vladimir Kaminsky. Vladimir Romanovsky also won silver in the 500m. Olga Korbut again received the highest award as part of the USSR national team and was second in beam exercises.

Swimmer wins silver medal Sergey Koplyakov. Bronze medals in diving Vladimir Aleinik(tower) and Alexander Kosenkov(springboard). A medal of the same value was won by a Gomel resident Evgeny Gavrilenko in the 400m hurdles.

Belarusians made a huge contribution to the success of the Soviet Union team. But even more significant successes and victories awaited them ahead.

In 1974, at the Vienna session of the International Olympic Committee, it was decided to grant the right to host the Games of the XXII Olympiad to the capital of the Soviet Union - Moscow.

Serious preparatory work began. But politicians intervened...

In January 1980, a few months before the opening of the Games, US leaders began to exert a strong influence on the IOC and public opinion. The essence of this company was to deprive Moscow of the right to host the Games. The reason was put forward as follows: input Soviet troops to Afghanistan in 1979. It was a very difficult moment for the organizers of the Olympic Games. But then the IOC showed a firm and principled position: the Games in Moscow will take place! The organizers did their best. Everything was perfectly prepared for the hosting competition.

As a sign of protest, a group of states, at the initiative of the United States, declared a boycott of the Games in Moscow and did not send their teams. The United States supported the FRG and Japan. However, most countries did not support this action. Athletes from Italy, France, Great Britain, Sweden, Belgium and other countries came to the Olympics.

On July 19, 1980, a solemn opening ceremony took place Games of the XXII Olympiad in Moscow. 5179 athletes from 80 countries took part in the colorful parade.

The main center of the Games of the XXII Olympiad was in Moscow. But some other large and beautiful cities of the USSR became Olympic. In Leningrad, Kyiv and Minsk, part of the games of the Olympic football tournament took place, in Tallinn - sailing regatta. Residents of Minsk saw an exciting and memorable event - the relay race Olympic flame. Olympic torch at the Dynamo stadium on the opening day of the competition, a three-time Olympic champion lit Alexander Vasilievich Medved.

203 sets of awards were played. 5651 journalists worked in Moscow. The games were watched by about two billion viewers from 111 countries.

Despite the absence of many great athletes, sports results were very high. 36 world and 74 Olympic records; the account of the national record achievements was in the hundreds! Athletes from the Soviet Union won 195 medals (80 gold, 69 silver and 46 bronze).

The gymnast became the absolute champion in medals Alexander Dityatin, who won 3 gold, 4 silver and 1 bronze awards.

Swimmer Vladimir Salnikov won 3 gold medals, and at a distance of 1500 m he set an outstanding world achievement.

In total, athletes from 36 countries of the world became the winners of the Games.

A record number of Belarusian athletes performed in Moscow - 46 in 16 sports. 30 of them became winners of the Games, having won 33 medals, including 14 gold, 9 silver and 10 bronze. Representatives showed excellent results aquatic species sports: 3 gold, 3 silver and 2 bronze medals. The list of heroes of the Olympics includes the name of the Belarusian rower Vladimir Parfenovich. On the canal in Krylatskoye, he won 3 gold medals in single kayak competitions paired with Sergei Chukhrai.

Nelly Kim(later a 5-time Olympic champion), speaking at this Olympics for Belarus, she won two gold medals. Olympic champion with world and Olympic records in weightlifting became Leonid Taranenko.

Olympic awards was awarded to a large group of Belarusian fencers: Victor Sidyak, Elena Belova and Irina Ushakova, Alexander Romankov and Vladimir Lapitsky.

In the team road race (cycling) "gold" was won by Oleg Logvin.

Belarusian athletes also added to the Olympic piggy bank: Petr Pochenchuk was second in race walking 20 km, and a Gomel resident Nikolai Kirov- in the 800m run and Evgeny Ivchenko in walking 50 km were third.

Won medals in rowing Elena Khloptseva, Antonina Melnikova, Igor Maistrenko and etc.

Alexander Karshakevich became the first handball player to be awarded a silver Olympic medal in the USSR national team. Alexander Prokopenko received a bronze medal with the football team.

The Moscow Games were excellent - this was the opinion of the leaders of the IOC.

1.4 Games of the XXIII – XXIV Olympiads. And again games without the USSR.

Soviet Union and other socialist countries (except Romania and Yugoslavia) refused to participate in Games of the XXIII Olympiad, held in Los Angeles, 1984, USA. The political leadership of the USSR settled scores with the Americans for trying to disrupt the Moscow Games.

In preparation for the Games, the Americans had serious financial problems. City officials refused to sign the agreement between the IOC and the US NOC. Under these conditions, the president of the organizing committee of the Games-84, Peter Uberrouth, applied to the IOC with a request to allow private capital to be attracted to organize the Olympic Games, and the IOC was forced to give such permission. Thus began the commercialization of the Olympic Games.

There were also heroes. American track and field athlete Carl Lewis(later a 9-time Olympic champion) repeated the sports feat of the legendary Jesy Owens: he jumped the farthest, won the 100 and 200 m runs, finished first in the 4x100 m relay.

Most of the medals naturally went to US athletes. Athletes from 47 countries became winners of the Olympics. But if 36 world records were set in Moscow, then only 11 in Los Angeles.

Games of the XXIV Olympiad, Seoul, Korea, 1988 Unfortunately, these Games were also preceded by political “games”. Some sports figures believed that the situation on the Korean Peninsula was too unstable, others, and most importantly, the IOC, insisted that the Olympic competitions be held only on the Korean Peninsula. The opinion of the IOC won and, as time has shown, was not mistaken.

There was a lot of talk about Korea and North Korea holding competitions together. However, even here the politicians failed to agree. In protest, the teams of the DPRK and several other countries refused to participate in the Games.

The opening parade was held to the beautiful melody "Hand in Hand", which reflected the idea of ​​the unity of all countries and peoples. Indeed, the Games were held in a very benevolent and friendly atmosphere. Describing them, newspapers wrote that "it was 16 days that warmed the world."

In Seoul, the gymnasts of the Soviet Union performed well, winning 11 gold medals! Athletes also lost a little to them - 10 awards of the highest standard. Football players, volleyball players, cycling track racers, wrestlers, kayakers and canoeists, men's handball and basketball teams won.

He achieved the rarest success for a swimmer Vladimir Salnikov. He again became the Olympic champion, like eight years ago in Moscow. But they didn’t want to take Salnikov to the Games at all, they said “He is already old.”

The unpleasant sensation of the Games was the victory with a phenomenal record, and then ... the debunking of the Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson. When it came to doping control... the medal had to be returned.

Of the personal achievements of the Olympic Seoul, we note the victory of the Games record holder in gold medals Christine Otto from the GDR - 6 gold medals in swimming. American Matt Biondi won 5 top awards (also in swimming). World records set by American runner Flores Griffith-Joyner on 100 and 200 meters have not been beaten so far.

Belarusian athletes made a great contribution to the successful performance of the USSR team. There were 50 people on the team. 15 of them became Olympic champions, and 26 were winners of the Games.

The first gold medal played in Seoul was won by Irina Shilova in bullet shooting. gymnast Svetlana Boginskaya won 4 medals, 2 of which are of the highest standard. AT rhythmic gymnastics won Marina Lobach. The winners and prize-winners were rowers and canoes, athletes and weightlifters, wrestlers, fencers.

The star handball team of the USSR was based on the strongest club in the world SKA (Minsk). Georgy Sviridenko, Alexander Tuchkin(in 2000 in Sydney he also became the Olympic champion as part of the Russian national team), Konstantin Sharovarov, Yuri Shevtsov, Alexander Karshakevich in a tense struggle won the gold medals of the Olympic Games.

In the boxing ring the highest award was awarded Viacheslav Yanovsky, who was included in the team at the last moment.

In total, Belarusians won 12 gold, 3 silver and 6 bronze medals at this Olympics.

52 countries welcomed their winners of the Games with awards.

For the chronology of the Olympic movement of this period and the achievements of Belarusian athletes, see Annexes A, Table 1, D, E and F.

60 years ago, on July 19, 1952, Soviet athletes took part in the Olympic Games for the first time.

Performance of the USSR/Russia national team at the Summer Olympics :

The Russian team for the first time took part in IV Olympic Games in London (Great Britain) in 1908. The Russian team won three medals, including one gold and two silver. In the team standings (hereinafter, the team standings - by the number of gold medals won), the Russian team was in 12th place.

On the XV Olympic Games in Helsinki (Finland) in 1952 for the first time the USSR national team took part. Soviet athletes took second place in the unofficial team standings, winning 71 medals: 22 gold, 30 silver and 19 bronze.

On the XVI Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne (Australia) in 1956 The Soviet Union team won 98 medals, including 37 gold, 29 silver and 32 bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took first place.

On the XVII Olympic Games in Rome (Italy) in 1960 The USSR national team won 103 medals: 43 gold, 29 silver and 31 bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took first place.

On the XVIII Olympic Games in Tokyo (Japan) in 1964 The USSR national team won 96 medals: 30 gold, 31 silver and 35 bronze. In the team standings, the USSR national team took second place.

On the XIX Olympic Games in Mexico City (Mexico) in 1968 The USSR national team won 91 medals: 29 gold, 32 silver and 30 bronze and took second place in the team standings.

On the XX Olympic Games in Munich (Germany) in 1972 the Soviet Union team performed more successfully than other teams, winning 50 gold, 27 silver and 22 bronze medals.

On the XXI Olympic Games in Montreal (Canada) in 1976 USSR athletes were again the best - 49 gold, 41 silver and 35 bronze, a total of 125 awards.

On the XXII Olympic Games 1980 in Moscow (USSR) the team of the host country of the games won a convincing victory in the unofficial team standings - 195 medals: 80 gold, 69 silver and 46 bronze medals.

AT XXIII Olympic Games in Los Angeles (USA) in 1984 the USSR national team did not take part. The games were boycotted by most socialist countries.

On the XXIV Olympic Games in Seoul ( South Korea) in 1988 The national team of the Soviet Union won 132 awards: 55 gold, 31 silver and 46 bronze medals. In the team standings, the USSR team took first place.

XXV Olympic Games in Barcelona (Spain) 1992. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the United Team of Independent States performed at the Olympics (except for the Baltic republics, which acted as independent teams), which won the most medals - 112, of which 45 were gold, 38 silver and 29 bronze.

On the XXVI Olympic Games in Atlanta (USA) in 1996 for the first time since 1912, the Russian team competed, taking second place in the team event - 26 gold, 21 silver and 16 bronze medals, a total of 63 awards.

On the XXVII Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney (Australia) Russian athletes took second place in the team standings, winning 89 medals, including 32 gold, 28 silver and 29 bronze.

On the XXVIII Olympic Games in Athens (Greece) in 2004 The Russian national team took third place in the unofficial team standings. On account Russian athletes 27 gold, 27 silver and 38 bronze medals, 92 awards in total.

On the XXIX Olympic Games in Beijing (China) in 2008 The Russian team won 72 awards, including 23 gold, 21 silver, 28 bronze and in the team event.

Performance of the USSR/Russia national team at the Winter Olympics :

The USSR national team for the first time took part in VII Winter Olympic Games in Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italy) in 1956. Soviet athletes won 16 medals, including seven gold, three silver and six bronze. In the team standings, Soviet athletes took first place (hereinafter, the team standings - in terms of the number of gold medals won).

On the VIII Olympic Games in Squaw Valley (USA) in 1960 The USSR national team again took first place in the team event, winning 21 medals: 7 gold, 5 silver and 9 bronze.

On the IX Olympic Games in Innsbruck (Austria) in 1964 The USSR team won 25 medals, including 11 gold, eight silver and six bronze. In the team standings, Soviet athletes took first place.

On the X Olympic Games in Grenoble (France) in 1968 The USSR national team won 13 medals, including five gold, five silver and three bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took second place.

On the XI Olympic Games in Sapporo (Japan) in 1972 The USSR national team took first place in the team event, winning 16 medals, including eight gold, five silver and three bronze.

On the XII Olympic Games in Innsbruck (Austria) in 1976 the Soviet team won 27 medals, including 13 gold, six silver and eight bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took first place.

On the XIII Olympic Games in Lake Placid (USA) in 1980 The USSR national team again took first place in the team event, winning 22 medals: 10 gold, six silver and six bronze.

On the XIV Olympic Games in Sarajevo (Yugoslavia) in 1984 The USSR national team won 25 medals, including six gold, 10 silver and nine bronze. In the team standings, the USSR team took second place.

On the XV Olympic Games in Calgary (Canada) in 1988 The USSR national team won 29 medals, including 11 gold, nine silver and nine bronze. In the team standings, the Soviet team

The Soviet Union at first did not even seek to participate in international competitions of a similar level, and the bourgeois world sports community had a wary attitude towards the USSR. In addition, in 1936, both Olympics were held in Nazi Germany, the most likely enemy of the Soviet state in the expected war, and next Games were supposed to take place in Japan - the USSR was not friends with it either. Throughout the Great Patriotic War and for a long time after it, the Soviet Union, for obvious reasons, was simply not up to defending the prestige of the country at the Olympics - first of all, it was necessary to raise the state from the ruins and restore it.

Changing the concept of training athletes
After the end of World War II, the international situation changed and the USSR decided to radically revise the concept of training athletes. The pre-war Soviet training of the BGTO was based on the development of sports that were necessary for the defender of the Motherland. In peacetime, this level of training was no longer enough to represent the Soviet Union in the international sports arena. Participation and victory in the Olympics were required for our state to raise its prestige. Work on creating conditions for the entry of the USSR into the International Olympic Committee began already in the late 1940s.

The first Olympics with the participation of the USSR
The USSR missed the Winter Olympics in Norway - firstly, this Western country was part of the NATO block hostile to the Soviet Union, and secondly, there was no absolute certainty that the Soviet team would perform well. At the Summer Olympic Games in Helsinki, the USSR took second place in the team event, receiving 71 medals, 5 medals ahead of the United States. Soviet athletes received the most silver and bronze medals, and there were 22 gold medals against 40 American medals. Our athletes spent most of their training at home, coming only for performances and spending several days at the Olympics. And in Helsinki, at the request of the USSR, two Olympic villages were built - “capitalist” and “socialist”.

It was the first and only Olympics under Stalin with the participation of Soviet athletes - the next Games, in which the USSR team performed, were held in the winter of 1956 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. The Soviet Union was represented by 55 athletes - skaters, skiers, skiers and hockey players. The USSR won 16 medals - 7 gold, 3 "silver" and 6 "bronze", and, in skiing it was the first Olympic bronze medal for our athletes.

Isolation and the desire to win
Gradually, confidence appeared that the USSR national team could successfully compete with Western athletes and win. Due to the closeness of the Soviet state, its isolation from Western countries, development professional sports complicated, many training methods had to be developed independently, without relying on world experience. In the first Olympics, Soviet athletes won in those sports that did not require special technical devices - they were skiers, skaters. At the same time, Russian hockey had a rich history, and, as Canadians admitted, many of the techniques used by our hockey players were incomprehensible to them, Western athletes specially studied our playing methodology.

Over time, the leadership of the USSR had to deal with the development of the material and technical base of Soviet athletes Olympic reserve, to buy abroad for them everything that was not produced in the Soviet Union. In total, from 1952 to 1988, the USSR took part in 18 winter and summer Olympics, and nowhere did our team fall below second place. The only time (in 1980) Summer Olympics took place in the Soviet Union. In all 21 sports at that time, Soviet athletes won medals, and our team took the lead in the medal standings. America, Germany, Japan and dozens of other Western countries boycotted this Olympics, thus protesting against the invasion of Soviet troops in Afghanistan.

The XXII Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow from July 19 to August 3, 1980. During this time, 36 world and 74 Olympic records were set. For the first time the Olympic Games were held in a socialist country. In honor of this event, the Soviet Union opened its doors to foreign citizens, but not everyone was able to come.

On January 20, 1980, US President Jimmy Carter announced a boycott of the Moscow Olympics and called on other countries to do the same. The reason for the boycott was the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan. Another 63 states responded to the call for a boycott of the Olympic Games in Moscow, including Canada, Germany, Japan, and Austria. The situation was also aggravated by the political confrontation between the Warsaw Pact countries and NATO countries. The United States expected that the absence of athletes from the leading countries of the West and China among the participants in the Olympics would make the Moscow Games a second-class event. Three days before the opening of the Olympics, the then President of the International Olympic Committee, Juan Antonio Samarancha, held negotiations and convinced Italy, Great Britain, and Spain to send their athletes to the Games in Moscow. From many countries participating in the boycott, for example, from France, Great Britain, Greece, athletes came individually and performed under the Olympic flags. Despite all efforts, the Games in the USSR had the smallest number of participants since the 1956 Olympics, held in Melbourne. Later, as expected, the USSR and its allies announced a boycott of the 1984 Olympics, which was held in the United States. This decision influenced the fate of many athletes, and soon the USSR team lost its leading position. Four-time Olympian Lisa Leslie commented: "Washington politicians have ruined the lives of many great athletes: some still regret the loss of four years of their lives, while others consider their medals not quite complete."

Nevertheless, athletes from 25 countries won gold medals at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, and representatives of 36 states became winners of the games. More than half of all gold awards were won by athletes from both the USSR (80) and the GDR (47). No other country has won even 10 gold medals. Some Eastern European countries have won the most awards in their Olympic history not only at the time of the Moscow Olympics, but to this day, in particular, Bulgaria (41) and Poland (32). For the first time in their history, Brazilians have won more than one gold award (both golds in sailing). Athletes from Zimbabwe won their first gold in history. The Spaniards also won their first gold since 1928.

GOOD BYE, OUR AFFECTIVE MISH

The apotheosis of the Olympics-80 was the flight of the bear, the mascot of the Games. With tears in my eyes, to the song "Goodbye, Moscow!" performed by Lev Leshchenko and Tatyana Antsiferova, the fans escorted him to the "fairytale forest".

Creating a talisman is not an easy task. Few people can remember the mascots of, say, the Seoul Games in 1988 or Barcelona in 1992, or the recent games in London. In this sense Olympic bear became another, perhaps, the most famous hero of the games. It was decided to make the hero of Russian fairy tales the mascot of the Moscow Olympics at a popular vote. Most of the viewers of the program "In the world of animals" voted for the bear cub. “The drawing competition announced by the Olympic Committee did not bring results, so it was decided to turn to the artists of the children's book,” Viktor Chizhikov, author, told RIA Novosti. Olympic symbol. The bear sketch was chosen from hundreds of options. According to Chizhikov, at first it was just a bear cub. “It was necessary to figure out where to depict the symbols of the Olympics. This turned out to be the most difficult,” the artist explained. Creator Olympic mascot he recalls that he immediately ruled out the option with a medal around his neck - trite. The artist tried to “put on” a cap on the bear cub - his ears got in the way. When the deadlines began to run out, the decision came by itself: Mishka, girded with Olympic rings, appeared to Chizhikov in a dream.

"I HAVE SOMETHING TO SING WHEN I PRESENT BEFORE GOD"

The blissful picture of an exemplary city during the days of the Olympics was spoiled by the sudden death of Vladimir Vysotsky to the authorities. They, the authorities, tried to minimize information about the death of the actor. Only a small obituary square in the Evening Moscow newspaper. Of course, it was expected that Vysotsky's funeral would be an extraordinary event. But the fact that they will be held on July 28, 1980 exactly like this was not expected by anyone - neither the authorities nor the artist's relatives. In seemingly extinct Moscow, thousands of people gathered in a small square to say goodbye to Vysotsky. The subsequent narrative consists of the recollections of eyewitnesses of that day.

“Volodya was lying on stage dressed as Hamlet. His hands were somehow strained, very helplessly folded. People began to let in at 10 am. These people, who came to say goodbye, stood from the night, and this crowd walked from Nogin Square (Kitai-Gorod). At that time, all exits from the metro were blocked, all adjacent streets were cordoned off. People kept walking and walking.

When they began to let people in, the music began to play, then they heard the voice of Hamlet-Vysotsky: “What is a person” ... The absence of falsehood was striking in everything. And yet - a striking gesture, one almost all men. As they passed the coffin, everyone shook Volodin's hand. A gesture, a handshake - some kind of conspiracy, an oath ...

At 4 o'clock after the memorial service, when the coffin with the body of Volodya was carried out, he was met by a crowd standing under the hot white sun. The entire Taganskaya Square on both sides of the overpass is packed with people. People filled the roofs and windows of houses, subways, kiosks, department stores. Writer Yuri Trifonov will tell Lyubimov: "How to die after Vysotsky."

And when the bus with the coffin left the theatre, people waved their hands and flowers after the bus. And the boys released the pigeons. Someone in the crowd said: "A piece of free Russia is dead."

Cars speed up… Only a very young boy in a black jacket continues to run. The street goes down, the crowd along the pavement thins out, and he keeps running. It is terrible to look at him: he is deathly pale, it seems, a little more - and he will crash to the ground. If conscience could miraculously take human form that day, it would be this boy in the black jacket. The first cars were on the roads. The metro works only for the entrance. Suddenly people at the subway began to chant: “Shame! A shame!" It turned out that they tried to remove the portrait of the artist in the window of the second floor of the theater. The portrait has been returned. Volodin's grave was, as it were, not in the cemetery, but as if between the cemetery and the city. First row. Now I understand that maybe best place can't be found for him."