Without a set of special shells. All of them are difficult for athletes in one way or another. The most original and unusual place performing exercises of unimaginable complexity is the gymnastic beam. It requires from the athlete not only dexterity and strength to perform the elements, but also an excellent sense of balance.

Gymnastics

As early as the fifth century Ancient Greece the term "gymnastics" was known. He meant a certain set of exercises for health, military art and education. The Greeks used gymnastics to train the military and to physical development. It was believed that the exercises bring up courage and a sense of nobility. They develop strength, dexterity, speed, beauty, grace.

Gladiators used it in their training to improve responsiveness and increase stamina. In the Renaissance, for the comprehensive development of youth, gymnastics was mandatory.

In 1881, the European Gymnastics Association was created, in 1987 it became International Federation gymnastics. In 1896 in Athens, gymnastics was included in the program Olympic Games. True, only for men. Women's gymnastics at the Olympics appeared in 1928, and in 1936 the balance beam was included in the program. The athletes played the individual event on the projectile for the first time in 1952.

Story

Previously, horizontally fixed boards were used to develop a sense of balance in athletes. They were supported at a certain height by several supports. They practiced stops, turns, walking, jumps and dismounts.

Such a simulator was used not only by gymnasts, but also by athletes. For the first time, a tree trunk was invented to use a German sports teacher Johann Christoph Friedrich Gutsmuts as a simulator. Only with time did the improved projectile become officially recognized in gymnastics. The balance beam helps to develop the vestibular apparatus, develops a sense of balance and balance.

Design

From the name of the projectile it is clear what is at stake. Actually, this is a horizontal beam, very durable, mounted on two racks. The standard length for competitions is 5 meters, the width of the balance beam is 10 cm, its height is up to 16 cm, the height of the projectile itself can be adjusted up to 120 cm from the floor level.

Made from coniferous trees. It can be a solid beam or glued from plywood sheets. The top must be covered with anti-slip impregnation. It can be hard or soft. Corners and edges are rounded along the entire length of the log. The projectile is equipped with two adjustable racks made of metal.

Manufacturers sports equipment guarantee the quality of their products, the reliability of fasteners and the maximum possible safe operation of the projectile.

Balance beam exercises

The performance on this projectile takes only 60-90 seconds and consists of three stages: a jump (climbing the projectile), performance, dismount. The balance beam allows athletes to perform a wide variety of elements, they have their own classification:

• Pounce. This is the beginning of the performance when the gymnast jumps onto the apparatus, usually with the help of a bridge. The jump can be simple or complicated elements of gymnastics (circle, swing, horizontal emphasis) or acrobatics (somersault, flip).
• Bounce. They can be performed from various positions - bent over, in a group. A more complicated option is with the legs spread into a horizontal split.
• Turn. The athlete can perform them on the leg, back or stomach. The position of the body is also different bent leg or with vertical twine.
• Static element. Its execution, according to the rules, requires fixing at least two seconds. These include twine, racks, bridges.
• Acrobatic element. The most difficult and spectacular part of the performance. This group includes somersaults, flips from a variety of positions, somersaults, and stops.
• Dismount. The ending of the performance is usually a somersault (single or multiple) in various options, simple and complicated with turns.

The balance beam is an exclusively female projectile. In men's gymnastics compete on rings, parallel bars, floor exercises and pommel horse.

Types of logs

There are several varieties of this sports equipment:

• Beam gymnastic floor. Various models are produced. There are small ones - only 1.5 meters long, 10-22 cm wide, for kindergartens. For sports sections use models with a length of 3 to 5 meters, a width of 10 cm, a height above the floor no more than 40 cm. They are available in two versions: with a soft or hard coating.
• Beam gymnastic universal. This projectile allows you to change the height above the floor, up to a maximum of 120 cm. It is also performed with a hard or soft surface.
• "Soft" logs. They are a tape 5 meters long, 10 cm wide, used in training.
• Logs can be made of aluminum, covered with elastic padding using a hygroscopic material.

In addition, the industry produces special surface enlargers (rigid nozzle), more precisely, the width of the projectile, covered with artificial leather. Attaches to surfaces with adhesive tape. In addition, there are also soft nozzles made of special fabric. Improved supports allow you to adjust the height (standard gradation 5-10 cm) without the need to shift the mats. The weight of the log is compensated by a special spring filled with nitrogen. Special trolleys were designed to move the projectile.

MOU Vokhomskaya secondary school

Combinations of exercises for

gymnastic

projectiles, acrobatic exercises and

vaults for students 5 - 9

classes.

Acrobatics: Starting position - main stance (hereinafter I. p. - o. s.)

Crouched emphasis. Somersault forward at point-blank crouching. Somersault back at point-blank crouching. Roll back into a rack on the shoulder blades (hold) Roll back to point-blank crouching. Headstand and handstand (indicate). Somersault at point-blank crouching, jump up, bending over. Stand in the main stance Additional (bridge, somersault back, handstand against the wall, flip to the side (wheel).

Crossbar low:

With a swing of one leg and a push with the other, lifting with a coup at close range. Somersault forward to the hanging while standing.

Bars low:

With a push of the legs emphasis. Move forward, move back. Swing forward with legs apart. Jump left to right pole, intercept right in front grip. Push left hand dismount with a turn of 90 gr. to the left.

5th grade (girls)

Acrobatics: and. on. With.

Two somersaults forward together at close range crouching. Roll back stand on the shoulder blades. Roll to point-blank crouching. Stand up, balance on the right foot. Attaching the left, half-squat - half-tilt, arms back. Jump up, bending over. Optional (headstand, bridge, side flip (wheel), handstand with help.

Log: Enter from a chair, handstand, hands to the sides.

lunge forward, left hand forward. Two steps on toes, hands to the sides. Turn on socks 180 gr., Hands down and on the belt. Two side steps from the left. Crouched emphasis. Jump sideways to the log. Optional (polka step, knee support)

Bars of different heights : Waving curves.

Hang crouching on the lower pole. With a push of the legs, hang lying on the lower pole. Turn into a sit on the left thigh. Right hand to the side. Dismount bending sideways to the projectile.

Vaults : goat 100 cm wide (small and maiden)

Jump at close range, crouching, dismounting, bending over.

Acrobatics: and. n. - crouching emphasis

Two somersaults forward together. Somersault back at point-blank crouching Roll back into a rack on the shoulder blades (hold) Roll forward at point-blank crouching. Headstand and handstand (fix) Forward somersault at point-blank crouching Back somersault into a leg stand apart, arms to the sides. Jump emphasis crouching, jump up bending over - oh. With. Optional: "bridge" from a standing position with help.

Vault : Goat wide cm. Jump legs apart(small and maiden)

Crossbar low:

1. Swing with one leg and push with the other, lifting with a coup at close range

2. Swing back and turn.

3. Swing back dismount.

Bars low I. p. - emphasis on forearms

Swinging in emphasis on the forearms. Swing forward with legs apart. Jump one to sit on the hip. Dismount with a 180 degree turn. inside.

6th grade (girls)

Acrobatics: and. n. - crouching emphasis

Two somersaults forward together. Roll back into a rack on the shoulder blades. Roll to point-blank crouching. Somersault back into half split. Emphasis crouching and standing up. Balance on the right. Attaching the left, semi-squat, arms back. Leap up arched Optional: "bridge" tilt back with help.

Log:

1. Entrance to the beam, stand on toes, arms to the sides.

2. Walking on toes, arms to the sides.

3. Turns on socks in a semi-squat at 180 gr. left and right.

4. Polka step from the left, from the right.

5. Right lunge, arms to the sides.

6. Attaching a leg, emphasis crouching.

7. Standing on toes, turn 90 degrees. in a semi-squat.

8. Arched dismount.

9. Optional: Knee support; lying on your back, arms up, holding on to a log, legs at an angle of 90 gr.

Bars of different heights:

1. Leap attack point-blank on the lower pole.

2. Jump forward with the left, jump with the right into a crouch and grab the upper pole.

3. Peremakh alternately left and right to the left, hanging lying down.

4. Vis crouching.

5. Sit on the left thigh.

6. Dismount with a turn to face the projectile.

Acrobatics: and. on. With. back to the carpet.

Somersault back into a stand with legs apart, arms to the sides Jump at point-blank crouching with a turn in a circle. Somersault forward into a rack on the shoulder blades. Roll forward at point-blank range, crouching, jump up, bending over. Optional: Headstand and handstand. Flip to the side. Bridge from lying and standing position.

Crossbar low: (cm)

With a swing of one and a push of the other, lifting with a coup at close range. Swing back and turn in focus. Left swing and underhand grip. Peremah right with a turn of 180 gr. point-blank grip from above. Swing back and dismount with a turn of 90 degrees Additional: From the hang over the knees through the handstand, emphasis crouching, lifting with the veil out.

Bars: (cm)

From the emphasis on the forearms, the lift is swung forward into the gray legs apart. Swing inward - swing back. Swing forward sitting on the right pole. Dismount with a turn to the left by 180 gr. Additionally: a somersault bent over, lifting with a swing back from an emphasis on the forearms, lifting with a swing forward and backward from an emphasis on hands to an emphasis.

Vault : Goat wide, height 110 cm. Jump with legs bent.

Grade 7 (girls)

Acrobatics: and. on. With.

Balance on the left, arms to the sides. Hands forward and somersault forward point-blank crouching. Somersault back in half-twine Emphasis crouching, jump, bending over with a turn of 180 gr. Optional: Bridge from a prone position and tilting the torso back, flipping to the side.

Bars of different heights: and. n. - hanging bent over with the support of the legs on the upper pole.

With a swing of one and a push of the other, a coup in emphasis on the lower pole. Peremah right with the interception of the right hand for the upper pole. Turn left 180 degrees. with a right jump and a sitting angle with the left side to the pole. Bending the left, stand on the lower pole and balance. Squat on the left, swing with the right back, arched dismount. Additionally: Swinging with bends on the upper pole, with a run-up jump into the emphasis on the lower pole.

Log:

2-3 steps and jump at close range, crouching on the left, right to the side. Turn left and lay down. Bend your arms. Sit legs apart, arms to the sides. Swing at a corner. Bending the left, with a swing of the right emphasis crouching. Stand up, 2 jumps on the left, 2 jumps on the right. 8. Balance. Left swing, right swing (picker). Squat on the left, with a swing of the right dismount, bending into the rack with the left side to the log.

Vault : Goat wide height 110 cm. Jump legs apart

Acrobatics: and. on. With.

Left back, arms up - to the sides, bend over. Attaching the left, bend your legs, tilt (swimmer start). Somersault forward into a gray leg apart. Tilt forward, fingers touch the toes. Somersault back into a stance, legs apart, arms to the sides. Jump stop crouching. Headstand and handstand (hold). Lowering into an emphasis crouching, somersault forward. Jump up with legs bent apart. Extras: Handstand, wheel (flip to the side), bridge, long somersault, kip-up from the bench.

Bars:

Swinging in emphasis on the forearms. Pull back up. Swing forward with legs apart. Swing inward, swing back. Swing forward dismount.

Additionally: Forward somersault, bent over, forearm stand, swing forward and backward from the emphasis on the hands, emphasis with an angle, push-ups.

Crossbar:

Lifting with a coup at close range, a push with two legs. Peremah right, interception in the grip from below, turnover. Lowering into a hang on the knees through a handstand, lowering into an emphasis crouching. Additionally: Swing back and turn, in an emphasis right forward turn to the right with a left overswing and an interception with the left hand.

Vault : The goat is 110 cm long.

Jump with legs bent.

Additionally: Horse in length: jump legs apart, jump with legs bent.

Grade 8 (girls)

Acrobatics: and. n. - crouching emphasis.

Somersault forward, somersault forward into a gray with straight legs. Tilt forward, unbending to lie down. "Bridge" and turn point-blank kneeling. Balance on the knee. Stand up, flip jump with a push of the left foot and lunge forward, arms to the sides. Return to starting position. Optional: "Bridge" body tilt back, handstand against the wall.

Vault

Side jump with a 90 degree turn.

Bars of different heights: and. p. - facing the lower pole.

Lifting with a coup with a push of one and a swing of the other at an emphasis on the lower pole. Overlap with the right interception of the right hand for the upper pole with a grip from below. Turn with a jump of the right forward to the hang while lying on the lower pole. Interception for the lower pole in the grip from below, emphasis from behind. Jump forward. Additionally: Sit at an angle on the right hip, balance on the left, standing on the lower pole, swinging the bends on the upper pole, jumping to the hang while lying legs through the sides.

Log:

Jump at close range, crouching from an oblique run. Stand on toes, arms to the sides, polka step from the right, from the left, turn on the toes, hands down. Right lunge, hands forward, drop to the right knee, balance. Dismount from an emphasis standing on a knee in a rack sideways to a log. Optional: Sit at an angle, lying down, balance, lying on your back, touch the log with your feet.

Acrobatics: and. on. With.

Left back, arms up - to the sides, bend over. Attaching the left, bend your legs, tilt (swimmer start). Somersault forward into a gray leg apart. Tilt forward, fingers touch the toes. Somersault back into a stance, legs apart, arms to the sides. Point-blank jump crouching with a 180-degree turn. Headstand and handstand (hold). Lowering into an emphasis crouching, somersault forward. Jump up with legs apart, legs together. Extras: Handstand, wheel (side flip), bridge, long somersault, bench kip raise

Vault : The goat is 115 cm long.

Jump with legs bent.

Additionally: The horse is 110 cm long; jump legs apart, jump with legs bent.

Crossbar low:

Push two lifting coup at close range. Swing back - turn. Peremah right, interception in the grip from below, turn forward. Turn to the right with a left swing at point-blank grip from above. Lowering into the hang on the knees. Through a handstand, lowering into an emphasis crouching. Optional: Kip-ups, force-ups at point-blank range, flip-ups for a number of reps.

Bars:

From the emphasis on the hands, the lift is swung forward into the gray legs apart. Somersault forward bent over. Connecting the legs with an angle stop (indicate). Move back - move forward. Swing back dismounting, bending over. Additionally: Lifting back with a swing, lifting with a kip from an emphasis on the hands, bending over, dismounting with a swing forward with a turn inward by 180 degrees, emphasis at an angle, push-ups at an emphasis.

Grade 9 (girls)

Acrobatics:

Balance on the left. Lunge right forward. Two somersaults forward point-blank crouching. Somersault back into a half split, arms to the sides. Through the stop, standing on one knee, stand in the main stance. Half-squat arms back, jump up, bending legs apart. Additionally: From the stop, crouching, roll into a rack on the shoulder blades, a bridge from a prone position and tilt back.

Vault : Horse wide, height 110 cm.

side jump

Bars of different heights: and. p. - facing the lower pole from the outside.

With a swing of one and a push of the other, the hang was bent over with support on the upper pole. Peremakh right with the interception of the right hand in the grip from the bottom of the upper pole. Hanging turn lying on the lower pole with a right forward swing. Turn into a sit on the left thigh, right arm to the side. With a grip with the right hand on the lower pole from behind, dismounting, bending over with a turn in a circle. Additionally: Swinging with bends and jumping to the hang while lying on the lower pole, balance on the left, right, grip on the upper pole.

Log:

From a straight run, jump at point-blank right to the side. Turn in emphasis lying on bent arms. Sit legs apart, arms to the sides. Sit at an angle. Bending one leg and pushing with your hands, stand on the right, arms to the sides. Two jumps on the right, two on the left. Turn on toes, hands down. Polka step to the end of the log, arms to the sides. Half squat and dismount. Optional: Sit at an angle, lying down, balance, lying on your back, touch the log with your feet.

Methodical development

Topic : "Methodology for teaching beam exercises and acrobatic combination"

Tasks :

To teach the technique of performing exercises on a beam and the technique of acrobatic exercises.

Develop flexibility, coordination of movements.

Cultivate courage and determination.

Equipment : gymnastic mats, balance beam, bridge.

1. Swing one, push the other handstand with help. After you exit the stand, the performer spreads his legs apart, and the insurer supports from the side of the wall with a grip near the knees.2. From a handstand, legs apart. First, help as in the previous exercise, then quickly move the hands alternately: one on the lower back, the other under the shoulder, helping to lower to the legs into a leg stand apart, arms to the sides.3. Swing one and push the other handstand legs apart with a turn. After entering the rack, help is provided, as in exercise 1.4. A swing of one and a push of the other coup to the side.5. Two flips to the side. Crouching from the stop, straightening your legs, transfer the body weight to your hands. Bending your arms and tilting your head forward, push off with your feet and, turning over your head, roll onto your neck and shoulder blades. Leaning with shoulder blades on the floor, bend your legs with your hand and take the grouping. Finishing somersault, take emphasis crouching.

A forward roll with a jump is performed from a semi-squat, arms back, swinging the arms forward and extending the legs, perform the flight phase and place the arms no closer than 60-80 cm from the toes in front of the shoulders, push off with the legs and perform a somersault in the tuck.

II. Beam exercises.

balance beam exercises:

Log- gymnastic apparatus, specially designed to improve the function of balance, because. support area is limited.
When walking on a log, it is necessary that the C.T.T. was constantly above ground.
Beam exercises allow you to gain new balance skills.

Applied exercises:

- movement in various directions and poses with stepping over obstacles, carrying loads, balancing gymnastic stick and throwing balls
- movement in an emphasis on the knees or in the emphasis of the legs apart on the hands;
- climbing in mixed hangs, climbing over a log;
- group exercises in mixed hangs and rests.

Formation of a rational posture

The formation of a rational posture occurs with the direct participation of the teacher in setting and fixing the posture using various techniques that help to feel the desired position of the body.
These include:
- comparison of muscular and tactile sensations in correct and incorrect postures;
- external change in rational posture with the active resistance of the student;
- concentration of motor sensations with closed eyes and other techniques.
In parallel with mastering the posture, the ability to maintain balance in it with the help of control movements for a long time is developed.
Improving the skill of rational posture occurs with an increase in the difficulty of maintaining it due to:
- additional movements body links;
- changes in the way of execution;
- maintaining balance during exercise.
Serious attention when learning to move should be given to the position of the head, since lowering it to the chest leads to a deterioration in posture and imbalance.
Performing exercises on a log is organically associated with the possibility of imbalance and the risk of falling. This circumstance leads to excessive caution and stiffness of the actions of those involved. Therefore, the psychological difficulty of exercises should increase gradually, and teaching new exercises should be distinguished by a special sequence. New elements should be studied on the floor on the lines, forming a rational posture under these conditions and practicing the accuracy of movements. Next, you need to go to the gymnastic benches and then to the balance beam. To get used to the height, it is advisable to use group exercises of a general developmental type on a beam: squats, bends, leg swings, torso turns, etc.
Belay on the beam should exclude the possibility of falls and bruises. Support in acrobatic elements is usually performed in the lumbar region or by the hips, and when moving - by the hands.

Walking on a log

Movements include different kinds walking, running, jumping, dancing.

Walking includes a normal step, from the toe and on the toes, with a high rise of bent and straight legs forward, can be performed with the back and side forward.

Run, with some exceptions, consists of variations of movements similar in form to walking. The criterion that determines the content of running exercises is their relative safety.

Dance moves. These include side and variable steps (forward, backward, sideways).

jumping can be performed on the spot and with advancement in various directions on one and two legs, a push with one and two legs with a landing on one and both legs.

The program for schools includes the simplest types of jumps:
- jump on one leg from a step, the other back or forward;
- on the spot with a change in the position of the legs;
- jumping from one foot to another in place and moving forward;
- step jumps;
- jumping in place, bending your legs.

Jump jump with a change in the position of the legs.
It is carried out from a rack on socks. Squatting slightly, jump up, straightening your legs and pulling your socks. In the jump, change the position of the legs by the time of landing.

Two push jump with legs spread.
The technique of jumping and landing is similar to the previous jump, but in flight spread the legs wide, one forward. The same jump can be done by changing the position of the legs by the time of landing.

Jump from both feet to one.
It is performed like the previous ones, but with a landing on one leg (from the toe to the entire foot), as well as moving forward.

Jump step (from one foot to another).
Take a step with the left and swing the right forward - jump on it, slightly crouching, left back. The same jump is performed in balance. To do this, landing on a leg bent more than usual, lean forward, bending over and, unbending it, take the other as far back as possible.

Jump with a change in the position of the legs in front.
After a step with the left, making a swing with the right forward, jump higher, changing the position of straight legs in the air. Land on the right, left forward. The same jump can be done with a change of bent legs.

Jump from right to left.
A jump from the right to the left and, placing an accentuated right from behind, with a push (bounce) two jumps from both legs to the left.

The balance beam is a gymnastic apparatus specially designed to improve the function of balance, since the support area is limited. On a log, movements, jumps, turns, flips, somersaults, dance elements. Any gymnastic exercise is a combination of individual elements and their compounds. On the log, movements, jumps, turns, flips, somersaults, dance elements are performed. Any gymnastic exercise is a combination of individual elements and their compounds.

Fundamentals of exercise technique I. Exercises in place (with constant support). it static positions, balance, turns, acrobatic elements (coups longitudinally, stances by force, etc.). II. Exercises in motion (with a change of support). These are varieties of movements (without a flight phase), the same with turns, dance movements, acrobatic elements. III. Exercises with a flight phase (in place and in motion): jumps, jumps, the same with turns, dance combinations, jumping acrobatics, etc. I. Exercises in place (with constant support). These are static positions, balances, turns, acrobatic elements (coups longitudinally, stances by force, etc.). II. Exercises in motion (with a change of support). These are varieties of movements (without a flight phase), the same with turns, dance movements, acrobatic elements. III. Exercises with a flight phase (in place and in motion): jumps, jumps, the same with turns, dance sequences, jumping acrobatics, etc.

The simplest balance options include balance on one leg with different positions of the hands, in half-twine, in support and kneeling, lying on the chest in a gray-haired angle, arms to the sides, etc. The simplest balance options include balance on one leg e different positions of the hands, in half-twine, in support and in a knee stand, lying on the chest in a gray-haired angle, arms to the sides, etc.

Dismount from an emphasis on the knee with a swing of the other leg back; the same from the stop, crouching on one bending over; dismount from a squat with an angle of support with one foot Dismount from an emphasis on the knee with a swing of the other leg back; the same from the stop, crouching on one bending over; dismounting from a squat angle with one foot