Exercise therapy for paralysis.

Paralysis- this is a loss or disturbance of movements in one or more parts of the body, due to damage to the motor centers of the spinal cord and brain, as well as the pathways of the central or peripheral nervous system.
Paralysis is not a separate disease and does not occur due to any one factor, it is a symptom of many organic diseases of the nervous system. Thus, any damage to the nervous system can cause a violation of the motor function of the body.
The cause of paralysis can be: circulatory disorders, inflammatory processes, injuries, tumors of the nervous system. Also, a special kind of paralysis can be observed in hysteria.

causes of paralysis.
Paralysis should be distinguished from movement disorders that occur with inflammation of the muscles, lesions of the osteoarticular apparatus, which mechanically limit the range of motion. Paralysis can be observed in one muscle, one limb (monoplegia), in an arm and leg on the same side (hemiplegia), in both arms or both legs (paraplegia), etc.
Trauma, multiple sclerosis, infections, intoxications, metabolic disorders, malnutrition, vascular lesions, malignant neoplasms, congenital or hereditary factors - all of these are organic causes of paralysis. Also, paralysis often develops in infectious diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, viral encephalitis, meningitis. Toxic or nutritional causes include beriberi (deficiency of vitamin B1), pellagra (deficiency of nicotinic acid), alcoholic neuritis, poisoning with heavy metals (particularly lead). Congenital, hereditary and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system are also usually accompanied by movement disorders.
Also, paralysis can occur due to birth trauma - this is paralysis due to damage to the brachial plexus. In addition, a number of diseases of unknown etiology (for example, multiple sclerosis) are characterized by motor impairment of varying degrees. Injuries, such as injuries and fractures, can have the same consequences if they are associated with damage to the motor pathways or directly to the motor centers. I must say that in many cases, paralysis is psychogenic in nature and is a manifestation of hysteria - such patients can be helped by treatment with psychiatrists. ra.
The variety of causative factors cannot but affect pathomorphological changes, which in turn can have a very different nature and localization. Such pathological changes nervous tissue as destruction, degeneration, inflammation, formation of foci (plaques), sclerosis, demyelination - are the most typical options that come to light with paralysis. From an anatomical point of view, there are paralysis caused by lesions of the central nervous system (head or spinal cord) - spastic paralysis, and paralysis associated with damage to peripheral nerves (flaccid paralysis). The first, in turn, are divided into cerebral and spinal types. Cerebral palsy may be of cortical, subcortical, capsular, or bulbar origin. Spinal paralysis is the result of diseases that affect the central and / or peripheral motor neurons. Peripheral paralysis can occur when nerve roots, plexuses, nerves, or muscles are affected.
Central paralysis is characterized not by a complete loss of motor functions, but by their dissociation - the loss of some and the strengthening of others. With central paralysis, the motor function of the body as a whole, but not individual muscles, usually suffers. Paralyzed muscles are spastic (convulsively tense), but do not undergo atrophy (it can only be the result of inactivity), and there are no electrophysiological signs of degeneration in them. In the paralyzed limbs, deep tendon reflexes are preserved or enhanced, clonuses (rapid spastic contractions) are often detected. Abdominal reflexes on the paralyzed side are reduced or absent. With paralysis of the lower extremities, there is such a sign of damage to the brain or spinal cord as the Babinski reflex (dorsal flexion of the big toe in response to irritation of the outer edge of the sole).
With peripheral paralysis, there is a complete lack of movement, instead of increasing muscle tone, it decreases. Individual muscles are affected, in which atrophy and an electrophysiological reaction of degeneration are detected. In a paralyzed limb, deep reflexes are reduced or completely disappear, clonuses are absent. Abdominal reflexes are preserved, and Babinski's reflex is not called. Also, with damage to the peripheral nerve or plexus, which contain both motor and sensory fibers, sensitivity disorders are also detected.
The main cause of central paralysis is stroke. Therefore, the treatment of stroke will be at the same time the treatment of paralysis. It should be noted that the density of nerve conductors in different parts of the brain is not the same: somewhere they are extremely concentrated, and somewhere their density is quite small. Therefore, cases are not uncommon when a defect in the brain tissue of a significant size leads to minor motor disorders (paralysis and paresis), and a small defect causes a deep disability of a person. All the motor conductors are contained in the inner capsule in a concentrated form, and the defeat of this capsule leads to paralysis of the entire opposite half of the body.
Paralysis may present as an absence or impairment of spontaneous movements or a decrease in muscle strength, which is detected on examination. Also, paralysis is characterized by the inability to perform a movement against the resistance of a doctor or to hold it for a long time. certain posture, resisting gravity, such as outstretched arms or raised legs (Barré test).
As a result of damage to the subcortical structures of the brain, extrapyramidal paralysis occurs, friendly and automated movements disappear, and there is no motor initiative (akinesis). Muscle tone is characterized by plasticity - the limb is held in a passive position given to it.
Diagnosis of paralysis includes examination by a neurologist, X-ray, myography, non-sonography. Reflexes from the lower extremities are also checked: knee reflex, Achilles reflex, Endrasek's maneuver, plantar reflex.
As for the treatment of paralysis, before considering it, it is necessary to emphasize the fact that paralysis is not an independent disease, it is a reflection of other diseases and pathological processes. Therefore, treatment should be primarily causal, that is, it should be directed against the underlying disease: suturing of a peripheral nerve in case of traumatic injury, rehabilitation therapy for stroke, surgical removal of tumors that compress nerve structures, etc. But along with causal therapy, symptomatic therapy is also necessary, since this is an essential additional and necessary preventive measure, because muscle tissue atrophies without movement. Apply special methods of restoring limb functions, such as massage for paralysis, exercise therapy for paralysis, therapeutic exercises for paralysis and etc.

plays an important role in symptomatic treatment physiotherapy, which contributes to the restoration of movement and prevents the appearance of contractures and deformities.
Exercise therapy complex for paralysis consists of the following elements:
- laying the paralyzed limb in the correct position
- massage
- passive movements
- active movements.

With central paralysis, the limbs must be given a special position that prevents the formation of contractures. Starting from the second week, the patient is prescribed a massage. Muscles with increased tone, lightly stroked. The rest of the muscles are massaged in the usual way, of course, while it is necessary to take into account the state of the paralyzed. Together with these activities, physiotherapy which should include active and passive paralysis exercises.
Passive movements should be started depending on the patient's condition, preferably at the end of the first week. Initially, exercises are limited to a few minutes. Exercises are done in slow pace and in full in all joints of paralyzed limbs. With the help of these exercises, they also try to prevent incorrect positions of the limbs - excessive flexion, adduction or extension.

Therapeutic exercises for central paralysis:
1. Passive shoulder movements
2. Passive abduction of the shoulder forward, up and to the side
3. Extension of the arm in the elbow joint with the abduction of the straightened arm to the side
4. Extension of the elbow joint in the position of supination and external rotation of the shoulder
5. Supination and pronation of the forearm
6. Hip rotation at the hip joint
7. Hip adduction and abduction
8. Flexion of the knee joint with an extended hip lying on its side
9. Passive flexion and extension of the leg at the knee joint
10. Passive movements in the ankle joint
11. Holding the affected hand in the given position
12. Holding the affected foot in the given position
13. Facilitated raising and lowering of the affected arm with a healthy hand using a cord and a block (the exercise can be combined with abduction and adduction of the arm in an elevated position)
14. Facilitated raising and lowering the affected leg by hand using a cord and block


As for active exercises, their choice in each individual case depends on the group of affected muscles.
Starting from the 2nd - 3rd week (for weak and elderly patients, this should be done more gradually), the patient should be transferred to a semi-sitting position for 1-2 hours a day.
By the end of the 3rd - 4th week, most of the day can be spent in a comfortable chair.
When learning to walk, it is necessary first of all to teach the patient to step on the paralyzed leg. At the same time, attention should be paid to correcting the abnormal position of the flexors and muscles that turn the leg outward.
When walking, it is necessary to raise the paralyzed leg high due to the muscles of the pelvis, so as not to touch the floor with the toe. At first, the patient can walk with outside help, and then - leaning on a stick.

With peripheral paralysis in the first days, the limbs and trunk are also given a position that further prevents the development of contractures. Perhaps a little earlier, massage begins, which should also be selective. Paretic muscles are massaged with all techniques, while antagonistic muscles only stroke. Simultaneously with the massage begin to perform passive movements. When movements appear, active exercises are gradually added. Very useful gymnastics in the pool, as well as in a bath with warm water.

Drug treatment is carried out according to the prescription and under the supervision of a neuropathologist. From medicines for paralysis, they use: prozerin, dibazol, intramuscular injections of thiamine chloride. With paralysis with increased muscle tone - mellitin.

It should be noted that now in Western medicine the following method of treating paralysis is gaining momentum: by mobilizing the patient's inner will, with the help of a mirror or videos, the patient is given "mirror therapy", which consists in the fact that in front of a patient suffering from partial or complete paralysis of one of the hands , a mirror is placed with an edge to the vertical axis of the body, and with a reflective surface towards the healthy arm. The patient looks in the mirror towards his diseased hand, and sees his healthy hand in it. In this position, at the command of the doctor, the patient tries to perform synchronous movements with both hands. In the event that the patient suffers from complete and partial paralysis, the doctor standing behind the mirror helps the paralyzed hand perform synchronous movements in relation to the healthy hand. Thus, the illusion of a healthy hand is created in the patient, and this helps him to activate his internal forces to control the diseased hand.
Another similar method consists of watching videos of the patient's hand movements in front of a mirror, which is positioned in the same way as in the experiment described above. When watching such a video, thanks to a healthy mirror hand, the patient has the impression of a synchronous movement of both hands. The patient looks at himself in the TV as if from the outside, and tries to imagine that both his hands are healthy. After watching the video, the patient tries to repeat his own movements seen on TV. Then he watches the video again, and again tries to do the movements he saw. That is, in this case, as in the "mirror method", doctors are trying to mobilize the power of the patient's self-hypnosis - self-hypnosis. And self-hypnosis is a very effective method in the treatment of paralysis. The main thing is to believe in yourself, work on yourself and then, sooner or later, recovery will still come.

The term "cerebral palsy" is commonly understood as a whole group of diseases.

With perinatal damage, some muscles undergo spasm, as a result of which the child loses the ability to sit and walk. In violation of the cortical structures, many children have problems with mental development.

To be effective, it must necessarily be comprehensive. When doing therapeutic exercises, the brain, as it were, learns the correct movement of the muscles of the body and limbs, which ultimately forces it to regulate this process.

• All information on the site is for informational purposes and is NOT a guide to action!
• Give you an ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS only DOCTOR!
• We kindly ask you DO NOT self-medicate, but book an appointment with a specialist!
• Health to you and your loved ones!

Importance of physical activity

Therapeutic gymnastics with such a diagnosis is very important, because it helps to solve such problems:

• produces a restorative and healing effect on the body, which helps to restore its performance;
• normalizes blood circulation and metabolism in the affected area, which allows you to fully or partially cope with metabolic and neurovascular disorders;
• prevents the appearance of adhesions between the nerve sheaths and nearby tissues;
• if adhesions are already present, thanks to special exercises, it is possible to form the replacement fitness of normal tissues for such formations;
• strengthens weak muscle tissue;
• develops coordination of movements;
• helps to cope with concomitant pathologies - for example, curvature and impaired mobility of the spine.

Of course, there are no treatments that help restore brain disorders. But if you practice in accordance with a properly designed program, an intact nervous system has the ability to perform its functions.

Physical therapy programs are very important part complex rehabilitation of such children. The specialist must analyze in detail the condition of each child and, on the basis of this, select a complex that will help stimulate his motor activity.

Children with this diagnosis have a lack of perceptual power. To deal with this problem, you need to perform special exercises. In this case, the training program includes movements that help develop tactile and visual sensations.

Also a challenge therapeutic gymnastics is the reduction of primitive reflexes, the formation of the ability to maintain one's body. Of no small importance is also the increase in motor strength and the implementation of rhythmic movements.

Examples of exercise therapy exercises for cerebral palsy

Soon after determining the diagnosis, doctors recommend starting a course of physical exercise. It is important that the child does not have convulsions, and the indicators are within the normal range.

Rehabilitologists and neurologists select exercises that are aimed at:

• prevention of muscle weakness that cannot work due to illness;
• prevention of damage to non-working muscle tissue;
• reducing muscle tension - this is done in order to prevent the development of contracture, in which the muscles are fixed in an abnormal position.

Training should be carried out every day, and the load should be increased gradually. The doctor-rehabilitator must necessarily monitor the condition of the child.

A set of exercise therapy exercises for cerebral palsy includes the following components:

• position therapy - in this case, the limbs are fixed in special splints or splints;
• muscle stretching - consists in swinging the limbs in all joints, and the amplitude should gradually increase;
• muscle relaxation - while the arms and legs are alternately fixed in order to reduce the number of involuntary movements and weaken the increased tone;
• walking;
• exercises with the participation of muscle agonists and antagonists - involve flexion and extension of all joints, and this process is accompanied by muscle massage;
• lifting on an inclined surface with the help of an instructor - this allows you to train the muscle tissue of the press and legs, and also helps to maintain balance;
• endurance exercises.

If a child is diagnosed with spastic diplegia, exercises are used that are accompanied by continuous movement.

If he has an asthenic form of the disease, then all exercises should be short in time. In addition, you should definitely take breaks between them. The atonic form requires exercise to develop balance.

Support for motor functions

In this case, perform the following exercises:

The kid should sit on his heels	You need to stand in front of him and put his hands on your shoulders. Fixing the baby in the pelvic area, stimulate his attempt to kneel.
The child needs to kneel	It is necessary to support the baby under the armpits and move him in both directions. He must learn to transfer the weight of the body on one leg. In this case, the child must tear off the second limb from the floor, while spreading his arms to the sides.
The child needs to squat	You need to stand behind and press on your knees. Then gradually move the baby's body forward so that his knees straighten.
The child should sit on a chair	You need to stand facing the baby and with your feet press his legs to the floor, and also take his hands. Stretch your arms forward and up to make the child stand up on their own.
The child should stand up and put one leg forward	In turn, you should push the baby in the back and chest to teach him to keep balance.
The child must get up	You need to take his hand, pull and push in different directions to make him take a step.
The child needs to lie on his back and press his feet on a hard surface	Thanks to this exercise, it will be possible to improve the support ability.

joints

To normalize the work of the joints, you should do the following exercises:

The child needs to lie on his back.	One leg of the baby should be kept in the extension position, and the other should be gradually bent at the knee and hip joint. If possible, the thigh should be brought to the stomach, and then slowly take it to the side.
The baby needs to lie on its side and slowly move the hip	The knee should be bent while doing this.
The child should lie on his stomach on the edge of the table and hang his legs down	He should gradually unbend the limbs.
The baby should lie on his back	First bend the knee, and then straighten the leg as much as possible.
The child needs to lie on his stomach, and place a roller under his chest	It is necessary to lift it by straightened arms and, making small jerks, perform springy movements of the extensor nature of the upper body.
The child needs to lie on his back.	The baby's arm should be bent so that his face is turned in the direction of this limb. Then bend, turning your head to the other side.

Abdominal muscles

To strengthen the abdominal muscles, the following exercises are useful:

To consolidate the results, be sure to do stretching exercises:

The child should sit on the floor and stretch their legs forward so that the torso is at a right angle.	Hands should be placed in front of you and inhale. On exhalation, the body must be bent forward so that the palms reach the toes. The torso should be tilted more and more so that the forehead touches the legs. Via this exercise you can make the spine more flexible and cope with the stiffness of the back muscles. Also, thanks to this, it will be possible to normalize blood circulation and the work of the spinal nerves.
The child should lie on his back and stretch his arms along the body	Then you should lean on your palms and gradually lift up chest. The torso from the waist to the feet should touch the support. The head should be thrown back, and the legs should be together. It is important to monitor breathing - it should be deep and slow. Thanks to this, throughout the spine it is possible to increase the tone of muscle tissue and ligamentous apparatus. The work of the nerve trunks and blood vessels is also significantly improved.
The child should lie on his back, put his feet together	Straight legs should be raised above the head, hands should be placed on the floor, while the knees do not need to be bent. The kid should try to reach with his fingertips to the floor above his head. Then you can slowly return to initial position. Such an exercise is useful not only for the spinal cord and spine - it perfectly works out the muscles of the limbs.
The child should sit on the floor and bend the right leg so that the heel reaches the left thigh	Then the left foot should be placed on the floor on the right side of the right knee, and right hand move around the left knee and fix the foot of the left leg with it. Then place the left hand behind the back in the direction of the right side of the waist. In this case, the head should be turned to the left and tilted so as to reach the left shoulder with the chin. It is important to ensure that the right knee does not come off the floor. With this exercise, back defects can be corrected. Toddlers should perform it with the participation of adults who help fix the initial position.

Muscles of the trunk and neck

To strengthen the muscle tissue of the neck and body, you should do the following exercises:

The child should lie on his back	It is necessary to hold the baby's body on both sides and gently rock his torso from side to side. It is important to ensure that the child does not resist. After that, holding the baby's head, gently shake it, replacing swaying with head turns.
The child should lie on the right side, place the right hand under the head, and stretch the left along the body.	Then you should gently push the baby so that he falls on his stomach or back. At the same time, it is important that he maintains his original position, and you can relax your muscles and fall only on a signal.
The child should sit in a chair, put his hands on the armrests, lower his head to his chest	With the help of an adult, you need to perform passive tilts and turns of the head, bend and unbend the neck. In this case, the baby should not resist.

It is important that the child fixes the head when performing passive movements, after which it actively relaxes the muscles so that the head seems to fall on the chest.

Breath Correction

To improve the breathing process, you need to do the following exercises:

1. The child should be shown how to inhale deeply and exhale through the nose and mouth, and then invite him to exhale into his palm or a thin sheet of paper. It is also very useful to blow bubbles or inflate toys.
2. To improve the functioning of the respiratory system, you should teach the baby to exhale sounds with different volumes. Singing, playing the harmonica, whistling helps a lot.
3. The child should take a breath at the expense of "1, 2, 3" and raise his hands up. Then exhale to the count of “4, 5, 6” and lower your hands at the same time. You can also lower your head into the water and exhale.

facial expressions

It is very important for children with this diagnosis to learn to recognize the feelings of other people. Thanks to this, it will be possible to correctly respond to negative emotions, which will ensure mental comfort and physical health.

It is necessary to teach the baby to imitate different emotions in order to subsequently be able to distinguish them in everyday life.

Via facial muscles he must carry out the discharge of emotions. This is the main task of psycho-gymnastics.

Emotions

To train emotions, perform the following exercises:

interest, attention	You need to show the baby how the fox eavesdrops or the dog sniffs, and then ask him to repeat what he saw.
Suffering	Show the baby how the stomach hurts or the baby is crying. Then you can ask him to repeat.
Anger	Ask the child to show how angry mom or dad is.
Disgust	Ask the child to imagine that he needs to drink salt water.
Joy, pleasure	You need to ask the baby to show how the cat behaves when it is stroked. It is also worth asking to smile, imagining that Santa Claus came and brought sweets.
Fear	Ask the kid to imagine how the bunny lost his house.
Guilt and shame	Invite the child to remember how he lost his mother's favorite thing, and ask for forgiveness.

In the pool

Water procedures can be used for physical recovery children with this diagnosis. Everyone knows that water promotes excellent muscle relaxation, helps to stabilize muscle tone, fills with energy. Thanks to such activities, you can weaken the effect of stressful situations and cope with depression.

A special effect can be achieved with a combination of therapeutic exercises and stay in the water. This method is called hydrokinesitherapy. It includes performing certain exercises in the water, playing sports, underwater massage.

Excellent results can be achieved when a baby swims in a dolphinarium, because dolphins have a pronounced therapeutic effect on such children.

Rehabilitation

In order for the rehabilitation of children with this diagnosis to be as successful as possible, parents should definitely use special simulators. Even if the baby's spastic limb syndrome is not very pronounced, close attention should be paid to its correction.

The sooner the problem is identified and home rehabilitation is started, the easier it is to correct the consequences of cerebral palsy.

In addition to drug therapy, such children need massage and the use of special simulators.

The first simulators

To increase efficiency, you need to purchase special simulators for your baby:

Rug with bumpy surface	First, the child needs to be laid out for several minutes on the back and stomach. You can also massage the limbs on it - for this you should rest the baby's heels on the surface or help him touch the tubercles with his hands. Ordinary rugs in the form of a heel equipped with plastic spikes are also perfect for such children. It is enough to put such devices near the baby's crib and every morning you need to offer the child to walk on them. The positive effect of such training is obvious - there are quite a lot of nerve endings in the human heel. In addition, it normalizes blood circulation in the legs. To harmonize physical and intellectual development, mom can make a multi-colored cover for a massage mat. It can be depicted with beautiful patterns and pictures. Thanks to this, it will be possible not only to improve the health of the baby, but also to arouse his cognitive interest.
Expander	For babies, you can make a rattle from a dense material. It can be filled with buckwheat or rice. Such a simulator will help develop a grasping reflex and eliminate spasticity of the fingers.
Jumpers and walkers	Of no small importance for the recovery of the child is the use of jumpers and walkers. In this case, it is necessary to remember the strength of materials and the stability of all devices. Since babies with cerebral palsy have poor coordination, plastic walkers that are unstable can be dangerous. Jumpers for children with such a diagnosis should be equipped with an orthopedic insert, wall mount and durable fastex. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the use of jumpers and walkers for such children is an ambiguous issue. Some doctors believe that the baby will have enough simulators for support and pushing. This is due to the fact that the skills that a child acquires with the help of a walker are very different from the norm, so there may be a need to retrain the baby. However, the parents must make the final decision.

Sports and household

Of no small importance for the recovery of children with cerebral palsy is a pool filled with plastic balls. Experts advise using exclusively solid materials as the basis. It is important to consider that inflatable options or tents are absolutely not suitable.

An excellent solution would be a frame made of a chipboard sheet, which needs to be sheathed with padding polyester and fabric. The role of the base can be performed by a massage mat with tubercles.

All the simulators that are needed to restore impaired functions can be done independently. For example, it is quite possible to hang an elastic band from the ceiling, which will help develop strength and coordination of movements. It can also act as a vertical walking lock.

Personal trainers deserve special attention, which contain stretch marks, splints, orthopedic shoes and supports in an upright position. Such devices are made individually in orthopedic workshops based on the prescription of the attending physician.

To work out the tactile activity of the fingers, relief paintings are perfect. Great option will become wooden Toys or rough wallpaper. To train the initial functions of walking, you can use themed carpets and special massage paths.

It is very important to keep the child interested in activities. Therefore, the training process should be presented in the form of a game.

If a child does not succeed or feels pain, there is a risk that he will refuse to make an effort. It is very important for parents to persuade the child to continue the lesson.

To ensure normal coordination of movements, you should use comfortable furniture with various recesses and tacks.

Swedish wall and Gross simulator

Gross simulator

A system that provides organic support for a variety of exercises. In this device, you can not fall or take the wrong position. Since the simulator provides reliable fixation, it is possible to correct the curvature of the spine and pelvis of the baby. Thanks to this device, the child can learn to walk, do special exercises and even ride a bicycle. The soft helmet protects the head from impacts, and the design promotes the development of the musculoskeletal system. Without this, it is difficult to imagine the full intellectual development of the baby. The Gross simulator can be used in the process of training on the rings. It is used for insurance and ensures the normal position of the spine. It can also be used to teach your baby to sit or crawl. It allows you to do gymnastics on special devices.

Swedish wall

Such simulators can be wooden or metal. They are equipped with hanging ladders, rings, a counterweight system. It is very important for children with such a diagnosis to exercise on such simulators, since they contribute to the development of coordination of movements, help to cope with spastic phenomena and the consequences of paresis.

How often lately can one hear that someone has been diagnosed with "vegetative-vascular dystonia". What is this disease? The reason is a disorder of neuroendocrine regulation of the activity of the cardiovascular system. Unfortunately, the symptoms of the disease are diverse. Palpitations, an increase or decrease in blood pressure, pallor, sweating are disorders of the cardiovascular system. Nausea, lack of appetite, difficulty swallowing - malfunctions of the digestive system. Shortness of breath, tightness in the chest - respiratory disorders. All of these disorders are a breakdown in the interaction between the vascular and autonomic systems. But most often dystonia develops with a disorder of cardiovascular activity. And neuropsychic exhaustion, acute and chronic infectious diseases, lack of sleep and overwork contribute to this.

Systemic vegetative-vascular dystonias proceed according to the hyper- and hypotensive type. The first type is characterized by small and infrequent rises in blood pressure within 140/90 mm Hg. Art., fatigue, sweating, increased heart rate, etc.

The second type is hypotensive. Arterial pressure is characterized by a pressure of 100/60 mm Hg. Art., and in this case dizziness, weakness, increased fatigue, drowsiness, a tendency to fainting are noted.

Since vegetative-vascular dystonia can be observed in adolescence and youth, the prevention of this disease must begin at an early stage. This concerns the organization of a rational mode of work and rest.

Have you been diagnosed with "vegetative-vascular dystonia"? That's not fatal. Compliance with all doctor's prescriptions, regimen, avoidance of traumatic factors have a beneficial effect on the treatment process. Along with the drug treatment of this disease are non-drug treatments: hardening procedures, physiotherapy, balneotherapy, certain sports, and physical education.

A very good effect is achieved by exercising in the pool. But dosed physiotherapy exercises have no less effect, since it increases the activity of the most important organs and systems that are involved in the pathological process. Therapeutic physical training perfectly increases working capacity, balances the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system.

An approximate set of general developmental exercises for vegetative-vascular dystonia

Exercise 1. Starting position - lying on your back. Hands to the sides, in the right hand tennis ball. Pass the ball to your left hand. Return to starting position. Look at the ball. Repeat 10-12 times.

Exercise 2. Starting position - lying on your back. Hands to the side. Perform cross movements with straight arms in front of you. Repeat for 15-20 s. Follow hand movements. arbitrary.

Exercise 3. Starting position - lying down. Hands forward. Swing with the right foot to the left hand. Return to starting position. Do the same with the left foot. Repeat 6-8 times. Look at the toe of the foot. The move is fast.

Exercise 4. Starting position - lying on your back. Basketball in hand. Leg swing - get the ball. Repeat with each leg 6 times.

Exercise 5. Starting position - lying on your back. In the raised right hand is a tennis ball. Make circles clockwise, then counterclockwise. Return to starting position. Repeat with the left hand. Look at the ball. Run 10-15 seconds.

Exercise 6. Starting position - sitting on the floor. Hands on the back. Straight legs are raised slightly above the floor. Make cross movements with your legs, right on top, then change legs. Don't hold your breath. Look at the toe of the foot. Run 10-15 seconds.

Exercise 7. Starting position - sitting on the floor. Hands on the back. Mahi with straight legs alternately. The amplitude is high. Run 10-15 seconds.

Exercise 8. Starting position - sitting on the floor. Swing your legs to the sides. Alternately repeat 6-8 times with each leg.

Exercise 9. Starting position - sitting on the floor. Hands on the back. Take the right leg to the right until it stops. Return to starting position. Do the same with your left foot. Make movements slowly. Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 10. Starting position - sitting on the floor. Hands on the back. Slightly raise the right leg and draw a circle in the air clockwise, then against. Initial position. Repeat the same with the left leg. Repeat 6-8 times with each leg.

Exercise 11. Starting position - sitting on the floor. Emphasis with hands - raise both legs above the floor and do circular motions one way, then the other. Run 10-15 seconds.

Exercise 12. Starting position - standing. In hand gymnastic stick. Raise the stick above your head - bend in the lower back - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 8-10 times.

Exercise 13. Starting position - standing. Hands lowered, in the hands of a gymnastic stick. Sit down, raise the stick up above your head - inhale. Return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 14. Starting position - standing. Dumbbells in lowered hands. Hands to the sides - inhale, lower - exhale. Repeat 8-10 times.

Exercise 15. Starting position - the same. Raise your arms at shoulder level, to the sides. Make circular motions with your hands. The pace is slow. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 16. Starting position - standing. Dumbbells in lowered hands. Raise hands alternately. Repeat 6-8 times.

Special exercises (performed in pairs)

Exercise 1. Passing the ball from the chest to a partner standing at a distance of 5-7 m. Repeat 12-15 times.

Exercise 2. Passing the ball to a partner from behind from behind the head. Repeat 10-12 times.

Exercise 3. Passing the ball to a partner with one hand from the shoulder. Repeat with each hand 7-8 times.

Exercise 4. Throw the ball up with one hand, catch it with the other. Repeat 7-8 times.

Exercise 5. Hit the ball with force on the floor. Let him bounce and try to catch with one hand, then the other. Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 6. Throwing a tennis ball into the wall from 5-8 m. Repeat 10-15 times.

Exercise 7. Throwing the ball into the basketball hoop with one hand from a distance of 3-5 m, then with two. Repeat 10-12 times.

Exercise 8. Throwing a tennis ball at a target. Repeat 10-12 times.

Exercise 9. Starting position - sitting on a chair. Lower your head (assuming the fetal position) and take a calm, deep breath.

Exercise therapy for paresis and paralysis

Paralysis and paresis are a consequence of damage to the spinal cord that occurs with spinal injuries. The most common cause of spinal injuries are compression fractures of the vertebral bodies. In this case, the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies is wedged into the anterior spinal cord, which leads to its compression without destruction of the medulla or with destruction, up to a complete anatomical break as a result of the introduction of bone fragments into the substance of the brain. Depending on the area of ​​damage to the spinal cord, either the upper limbs are affected, or both upper and lower at the same time, with paralysis of the respiratory muscles and anesthesia of the whole body. With timely elimination of compression, in contrast to the anatomical break, these phenomena are reversible.

We do not set ourselves the task of telling about all stages of the treatment of paralysis and paresis, since the book is not a manual for doctors. One of the stages of treatment and restoration of the health of such patients is therapeutic gymnastics, which is quite effective tool in the prevention of atrophy, strengthening and development of the muscular apparatus. The approach to therapeutic exercises for this category of patients should be differentiated and focused directly on the degree of compensation of the patient, the type of paralysis and the timing of the injury. Depending on the severity of the case, this happens on the 3-5-12th day after the injury. The first exercises in gymnastics in a patient with a fracture of the spine of the lumbar or thoracic region consist of light movements of the head, arms and legs and in training correct breathing. All movements should be carried out without sharp muscular tension.

When performing exercises in paralyzed limbs, some relief positions should be used, as well as various devices.

We would like to note that in the early period of illness, classes should be conducted only with an instructor, since such patients need constant help from a health worker. Then, in the chronic and residual stages, the patient must work on his own. Mobilizing gymnastics contributes to the improvement of all general physiological processes, therefore, we do not see any contraindications for its implementation. This gymnastics is necessary for the patient at all stages of rehabilitation.

A set of exercises for patients with spastic paresis and paralysis (acute stage of the early period of traumatic disease of the spinal cord)

All exercises are performed lying on your back.

Exercise 1. Strong inhalation of air with the expansion of the chest. Long deep breath. On exhalation, retract the stomach, on inhalation - protrude.

Exercise 2. Take a deep breath, bring the shoulder blades together, relax the shoulder blades - exhale.

Exercise 3. Hands along the body. Slide your palms along the body up - inhale, down - exhale.

Exercise 4. Inhale - bend your arms at the elbow joints, exhale - unbend.

Exercise 5. Move your legs apart - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale.

Exercise 6. Raise the straight right leg - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale, repeat the same with the left leg.

Exercise 7. Bend the right leg at the knee and pull it towards the chest - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat the same with the left leg.

Exercise 8. Spread your arms to the sides - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale.

Exercise 9. Raise your hands up, take them behind your head - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale.

Exercise 10. Bend the right arm at the elbow, pull it to the shoulder, the left straight arm - inhale, bend the left arm, pull it to the shoulder, straighten the right arm - exhale.

Exercise 11. Raise your right leg and draw a circle in the air with your foot - inhale, return to the starting position, repeat everything with your left foot.

Exercise 12. We count the fingers. thumb move fingers and count. Perform the exercise first with the right hand, then with the left.

Exercise 13. Fingering as if playing the piano or working on a typewriter.

Exercise 14. Rest on the forearms and raise the pelvis - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale.

A set of exercises for patients with flaccid paresis and paralysis (acute stage of the early period)

Exercise 1. Raise your hands up - inhale, lower - exhale.

Exercise 2. Take dumbbells. Bend and unbend your arms while holding dumbbells. The exercise is done with effort.

Exercise 3. Raise the dumbbells, on outstretched arms - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale.

Exercise 4. Lean on shoulder joints and raise the pelvis - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale.

Exercise 5. Raise and lower your legs with the help of a block and traction. Raise your legs - inhale. Return to the starting position - exhale.

Exercise 6. Bending the legs at the knee and hip joints with the help of a block and traction.

Exercise 7. Turning the body to the right side with throwing the leg behind left leg. Then turn the body to the left with throwing the left leg over the right.

Exercise 8. Relying on the forearms. Bend in the thoracic region ("bridge").

Exercise 9. Hand movements. Imitate the movements of the breaststroke style of swimming.

Exercise 10. Hand movement - boxing imitation.

Exercise 11. Leg movements - imitation of swimming on the back.

Exercise 12. Raise your leg and in the air draw a circle with your toe. Change the position of the legs.

Exercise 13. Put one hand on the chest, the other on the stomach. Inhale - inflate the stomach, exhale - retract.

Exercise 14. In the hands of an expander. Stretch in front of the chest. Stretch - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale.

Exercise 15. Extend and bring the elbows of the hands behind the head. Bring your elbows together - inhale, spread - exhale.

Exercise 16. Stretch the expander with arms extended forward.

Exercise 17. Stretch the expander over your head.

Exercises are performed at a slow pace. If you feel unwell, you should not cancel classes, you just need to reduce the dosage. To perform passive exercises, blocks, hammocks, loops are used, for strength exercises- dumbbells, expanders. The duration of classes should not exceed 15-20 minutes, in debilitated patients 10-12. Repeat exercises from 3-4 times to 5-7 times.

Exercise therapy after a stroke

A stroke is an acute violation of the coronary circulation. This disease is the third leading cause of death. Unfortunately, a stroke is a very severe and extremely dangerous vascular lesion of the central nervous system. It is caused by a violation of cerebral circulation. More often than others, the elderly suffer from this disease, although recently this disease has begun to overtake the young. jumps in blood pressure, overweight, atherosclerosis, overwork, alcohol and smoking - all these factors can cause spasm of cerebral vessels.

Conventionally, a stroke is divided into cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. So, young people most often have a cerebral infarction, that is, a hemorrhagic stroke. The elderly are overtaken by the so-called ischemic stroke, which is caused by a violation of the oxygen supply to nerve cells. This disease is characterized by a much more severe course and more serious complications.

Hemorrhagic stroke is a complication of hypertension. It usually occurs after a busy day at work. Nausea, vomiting and severe headache are the first signs of a hemorrhagic stroke. Symptoms come on suddenly and escalate rapidly. Speech, sensitivity and coordination of movements change, the pulse is rare and intense, fever is possible. The person turns red, sweat comes out and there is a kind of blow in the head. Loss of consciousness is already a stroke. From a ruptured vessel, blood enters the brain tissue, which is fraught with a fatal outcome.

External signs of hemorrhagic stroke: increased pulsation of blood vessels in the neck, hoarse and loud breathing. Sometimes vomiting may occur. Eyeballs sometimes begin to deviate to the affected side. Possible paralysis of the upper and lower extremities on the opposite side of the affected area.

Ischemic stroke does not develop so rapidly. The ailments that can be observed during this period in a patient can last for several days. The blow most often happens either at night or in the morning. And if ischemia is not caused by a thrombus or atherosclerotic plaque (embolus), which can be brought with the blood flow, then the onset of the disease is quite calm. The patient may not lose consciousness and, feeling a deterioration in health, consult a doctor. Signs of "strike": the face is pale, the pulse is soft and moderately rapid. However, paralysis of the limbs on either side may soon occur, depending on the area of ​​brain damage.

Despite such calmness, the consequences are quite severe. The part of the brain deprived of blood dies and cannot perform its functions. And this, depending on which part of the brain is affected, leads to impaired speech and memory, coordination of movements and paralysis, recognition and even dumbness. The patient either speaks in separate words and phrases, or becomes completely dumb.

An experienced doctor can tell exactly which part of the brain is affected by a stroke based on certain symptoms, which makes it possible to predetermine the course of the disease and a possible prognosis. It includes three options: favorable, average and unfavorable. Lost functions and abilities are restored - this is the first case. The course of the disease is complicated by chronic diseases that have joined, which worsens and prolongs the course of the disease - this is the second option. The third option, as a rule, does not bode well. A large area of ​​the brain is affected or the patient experiences repeated strokes. The probability of repeated strikes is very high and reaches 70%. The most critical days after the first strike are the 3rd, 7th and 10th.

Urgent hospitalization in a specialized neurological department is an indispensable condition for a stroke, since with a hemorrhagic stroke it is urgent to lower blood pressure and reduce cerebral edema, and in ischemic stroke it is necessary to take control of blood clotting.

Timely provision of medical care, attention associated with the general care of the patient, classes in therapeutic and regenerative gymnastics - these are the possibilities to bring the patient back to life. Not the last role in the victory of a stroke is played by the patient's awareness of his current condition. Negative emotions will not do you any good and can lead to a second hit, so focus on restoring health. Your goal is to restore mobility to the limbs. All together will help you restore health.

It is an important effective method of rehabilitation, since it affects various systems body: cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, nervous. She is also effective method in the recovery period.

Therapeutic gymnastics for a stroke is, in fact, physical exercise affecting motor and sensory functions. Not the last place in rehabilitation is occupied by breathing exercises. Its tasks are to improve pulmonary ventilation and train external respiration.

Breathing exercises are carried out for 3-6 minutes 8-12 times a day. Breathe deeply and evenly. If there is sputum, it must be coughed up. Breathing exercises are used with an extended inhalation and exhalation (diaphragmatic breathing).

The motor complex of exercises includes exercises for small and medium muscle groups of the arms and legs, as well as movements in shoulder girdle. In severe disorders of the cardiovascular system and unstable blood pressure, as well as arrhythmias that are accompanied by heart failure, active breathing exercises are not recommended.

In the early stages of the disease and with insufficient activity of the patient, passive breathing exercises carried out by the instructor physiotherapy exercises.

The instructor stands on the side of the patient. His hands are located on the patient's chest, during the exhalation of the patient, he begins to squeeze his chest with a vibrating movement and adjusts to the patient's breathing, thereby activating exhalation. The degree of impact on the chest increases with each exhalation. Every 2-3 respiratory movements, the position of the health worker's hands on the patient's body changes. This allows you to increase the irritation of the respiratory apparatus. Hands are alternately located on different parts of the chest and abdomen. The number of forced breathing exercises is 6-7, then the patient performs 4-5 normal cycles. Then the breathing exercise is repeated again. To get the best effect from breathing exercises it is desirable to carry it out 5-6 times a day. The duration is 10-15 minutes.

In a later period, the patient takes an active part in breathing exercises with a combination of semi-passive and active movements of the upper and lower extremities. In order to do breathing exercises correctly, it must be controlled. Hands should be placed one on the chest, the other on the stomach. We inhale calmly and smoothly.

Respiratory gymnastics complex for stroke survivors

Exercise 1. Inhale to do so, to feel how the stomach rises. The hand on the chest should remain motionless. This indicates that there is no chest breathing. Exhale more fully, so that the stomach seems to be drawn in.

Exercise 2. Inhale - the chest has risen, along with it the arm. The stomach does not rise. This indicates that there is no abdominal breathing. The exercise is performed calmly and slowly.

Exercise 3. Inhale to do abdominal breathing and then continue to breathe from your chest. Fill the chest as if to failure. Exhalation begins with the stomach, then chest exhalation follows. This exercise is called "full breathing".

Exercise 4. Inhale with significant tension of all respiratory muscles. Then take 2 calm breaths and exhalations.

Exercise 5. Repeat exercise 4.

Having mastered breathing exercises, you will help yourself and your body by doing a kind of ventilation of the lungs. This reduces the risk of pneumonia congestion in the lungs and bronchi.

With a motor deficit - paresis - it is necessary to start with exercises, first of all, to overcome the resistance to movement. Thanks to regular classes the affected limbs will acquire greater mobility. At the same time, you will not only restore mobility to the limbs, but also strengthen them. Of great psychological importance for the patient is the ability to see how, with the help of simple, but purposeful and deliberate methods, the desired effect is achieved with little effort.

An approximate set of exercises to overcome resistance

Exercise 1. With a healthy hand - thumb and forefinger - squeeze the other hand. At the instructor’s command, make stepwise efforts “weak, a little stronger, still, very strong, maximum.”

Exercise 2. Then gradually teach the patient to hold a slice of bread, a comb and other small household items.

Exercise 3. Rotating the telephone dial, whipping soap suds, stirring with a spoon in a glass bring the patient closer to performing familiar and important skills.

In addition to such exercises, it is advisable to perform motor exercises under the supervision and with the help of an instructor.

Approximate set of motor exercises

All exercises are performed from a prone position.

Exercise 1. Movement with the hands without taking your hands off the bed. Raise the brush, lower the brush. If it is impossible to perform movements with a sore hand, then the help of an instructor is required. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 2. Circular movements with brushes. The exercise is performed at a slow pace.

Exercise 3. Lying down, bend and unbend your toes. Try to do this consistently, i.e. start bending from the little finger. When unbending, try to spread your fingers (the help of an instructor or relatives is useful).

Exercise 4. Pull the feet towards you. Return to starting position. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 5. Turn the feet to the sides: to the left - return to the starting position, then to the right, and vice versa.

Exercise 6. Without taking your head off the pillow, turn it to the right and left. The amplitude of movement depends on the degree of damage.

Exercise 7. Lying on the bed, put your hands with your palms up. Bend your fingers, trying to make a fist. Squeeze, squeeze.

Exercise 8. Hands lie on the bed. The fingers are closed. Spread your fingers, close your fingers.

Exercise 9. Hands lie on the bed. Bring the fingers into the cam of one hand, the second lies quietly. Then change hands (the instructor or relatives help to do the movement on the diseased limb).

Exercise 10. Flexion and extension of the legs at the knee joint. The pace is slow.

Exercise 11. Give a tennis ball to the patient's hand. Squeeze the ball. With a healthy hand, do more repetitions, with a sick hand - if possible.

Simple and familiar to us everyday activities are quite difficult for the patient. The most difficult period is the early stages of recovery. But in order for the patient to learn, he needs the help of not only medical personnel, but also the active help of relatives.

Since the coordination of movements is impaired, among the exercises to increase the coordination of actions between two or more muscle groups, there should be exercises for training balance in a standing position and when walking. For small to moderate lesions in vertical position patients are transferred from the 5-7th day.

As soon as the patient has been put on his feet, you need to start learning how to walk correctly. To do this, he is taught to bend his lower leg. The methodologist sits next to the patient on a bench and helps him fix the thigh, creates an emphasis for him. As soon as the patient has mastered this, he is taught to bring the hip forward with simultaneous extension of the lower leg with the back flexion of the foot.

In the same period, the patient is taught accuracy and coordination of actions with his hands.

An approximate set of exercises for the development of fine motor skills of the hand

Exercise 1. Prick with a needle. Repeat 6-8 times with one hand, then with the other (if the patient is not able to grab the needle with the affected hand, the help of an instructor or relatives is necessary).

Exercise 2. Give the patient scissors. On command, he must shift them from hand to hand. The pace is slow.

Exercise 3. The patient has a pen in his hands. At the instructor's command, he should try to fix the position of the pen, as for writing.

Exercise 4. The patient folds his palms like a boat. The instructor lightly tosses him a tennis ball. The patient tries to pass the ball to the instructor with a bad hand (if it doesn't work, the ball is passed with a healthy one).

Exercise 5. Starting position - sitting on the bed. Bend one leg at the knee, then the other.

Exercise 6. Starting position - sitting on the bed. Do not take your feet off the floor, raise your socks, lower them. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 7. Starting position - sitting on the bed. Bend your arms at the elbows, straighten. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 8. Starting position - lying on the bed. Bend your arms at the elbows (with the elbows resting on the bed). Turning the closed hands towards you with your palm, away from you. Repeat 3-4 times.

Exercise 9. Starting position - lying on the bed. Hands in the same position as in the previous exercise. We make a cam with one hand, then with the other. Repeat 3-4 times.

Exercise 10. Starting position - lying on the bed. Hands in the position of exercise 8. Bend the hands (depict a "duck"). Turn your hands away from you, towards you. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 11. Starting position - lying down. Hands in exercise position 8. Make circular movements with your hands. Elbows are motionless, rest against the bed.

Exercise 12. Starting position - lying down. Bend your legs at the knees. Hands along the body. Put one foot on bent knee other leg. Bend and unbend the lower leg of the "hanging" leg. Repeat 3-4 times. Then change the position of the legs.

Exercise 13. Starting position - standing by the bed and leaning on it. The instructor rolls the ball to the patient's leg. He must push him away.

Exercise 14. Starting position - standing by the bed and leaning on it. The instructor places a matchbox on the floor in front of the patient. Raise your leg just above the box and, as it were, step over it. Perform with one foot, then change the position of the legs.

Exercise 9. Starting position - sitting on the bed. The patient rolls the round block with the foot of the foot.

Self-service motor skills are one of the most important tasks in rehabilitation. Therefore, they need to teach the patient with the help of exercises of a special nature. Efficiency is achieved by a sequence of exercises, moving from simple to complex and gradually increasing the load.

Very effective in the rehabilitation of the patient are children's games with the ball, where there are exercises with the ball rebounding from the wall, from the floor, throws up and elements of football. All of these exercises help restore joint movement and muscle strength.

Approximate set of exercises

Exercise 1. Starting position - sitting on a chair or bed. Hands on knees. Head tilts forward and backward. Movements are indistinct. Repeat 3-4 times.

Exercise 2. Starting position - the same. Head tilts to the side. Repeat 3-4 times.

Exercise 3. Starting position - the same. Raise your arms in front of you and shake your hands. Then bend your elbows and shake them.

Exercise 4. Starting position - the same. Hands are extended in front of you. Fists clench, unclench. Spread your fingers as wide as possible. Repeat 3-4 times.

Exercise 5. Starting position - sitting on a chair. Grab your leg under your knee and lift it up with your hands. Repeat the same with the other leg. Repeat 3-4 times.

Exercise 6. Starting position - sitting on a chair. Stretch your arms out in front of you and lean forward slightly. Repeat 3-4 times.

Exercise 7. Starting position - sitting on a chair. Bend your arms at the elbows, put your hands on your shoulders. Pull your elbows towards each other.

Exercise 8. Starting position - lying on the bed. Bend your arms at the elbows. The palms are turned towards the patient's face. Lower your arms, turn your palms away from you. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 9. Starting position - lying down. Hands along the body. Bend one arm at the elbow and reach the shoulder with the hands. Change the position of the hands. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 10. Starting position - sitting on a chair. Raise your legs off the floor and cross your legs. Repeat 3-4 times.

Exercise 12. Starting position - lying on the bed. Pull the foot of one leg towards you, pull the other away from you. Repeat with a change of legs 3-4 times.

Exercise 13. Starting position - sitting on a chair. Hands on knees. Tilt your body to the right, then to the left. When changing positions, return to the starting position. Repeat 4-6 times.

Exercise 14. Starting position - sitting. Hands on the belt. Turn your body to the left, return to the starting position, then turn to the right. Repeat 4-6 times.

The pace of execution is slow. If you experience discomfort during execution, do not perform the exercise or perform it with a smaller range of motion.

Humans have yet to find a cure that can repair damaged brains. However, if you work according to a scientifically based program, then the nervous system, which is in an intact state, can perform all its functions, and also take over some of the functions of the damaged areas. Physical education programs play a leading role in the comprehensive rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. One of the main elements of almost any treatment program is therapeutic physical culture (exercise therapy), and other types of therapy based on movement - kinesitherapy, Bobath therapy, Vojta therapy and others.

As a term, exercise therapy refers to a branch of medicine that studies the treatment and prevention of diseases using physical education methods. In addition, physical therapy is an independent scientific discipline, officially recognized in many countries of the world, including Russia.

On the other hand, it is a medical procedure that is used for restorative rehabilitation and treatment of the sick and disabled, as well as the prevention of various diseases. The main means of exercise therapy is exercise stress in different forms.

The main therapeutic method of exercise therapy is therapeutic exercises - physical exercises, individually selected for each specific case. Most often used for children game forms exercises, for example, using a ball. This helps to stimulate the child's interest, and direct his desire for physical activity in the right direction.

​ History of therapeutic physical culture​​​​

In ancient China, even in ancient times - several millennia BC, physical exercises were used to improve health. In those days, there were medical gymnastic schools where they taught therapeutic exercises and massage, and used them in the process of treating patients. In Chinese medical gymnastic schools, diseases of the heart, lungs, curvature of the spine, bone fractures and dislocations were treated. In the VI century. n. e. for the first time in the world in China, a state medical institute was created, where even then they taught massotherapy and gymnastics as a compulsory discipline. Since then, various gymnastics, adapted for individual recreational activities, have been widely used in various combinations in Chinese sanatoriums and rest homes as the main form of exercise therapy.

The famous ancient Chinese physician Hua Tuo, who lived in the second century AD, the founder of the Chinese hygienic gymnastics, argued: "The body requires exercise, but not to the point of exhaustion, for exercise is designed to eliminate the bad spirit from the body, promote blood circulation and prevent ailments." “If the door handle moves frequently, it won't rust. So a person, if he moves a lot, then he does not get sick. Two thousand years have passed since the life of a doctor, but the principle of Chinese physical culture is still the same - the search for health in physical activity: from morning exercises to martial arts.

Exercise therapy for cerebral palsy

Therapeutic physical culture is one of the most effective and popular means of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. various forms. The main goals of exercise therapy in cerebral palsy are: reducing muscle hypertonicity, improving coordination, increasing the range of motion in the joints, training weakened muscles, and strengthening the correct motor stereotypes.

When doing exercise therapy, it is necessary to take into account an important circumstance - children with cerebral palsy, as a rule, get tired much faster than their healthy peers. Therefore, it is important to alternate high and low load exercises, and to give a little rest after the procedure. It is not forbidden to send the child for a massage after exercise therapy, or do it yourself. In general, the combination of several procedures (read - types of therapeutic effects) can significantly increase the overall effectiveness of rehabilitation.

Speaking about the features of exercise therapy for cerebral palsy, it is important to follow the following conditions:

• Use an individual approach

• Be consistent and systematic

• Gradually and dosed increase the load

Physical load during exercise therapy is calculated taking into account the individual capabilities and characteristics of the child. Over time, as the musculoskeletal system develops, it should increase.

If a patient has a hyperkinetic form of cerebral palsy, then ...

In this case, physiotherapy exercises aim to achieve the normalization of the patient's postures and his movements, improve coordination of movements, inhibition of hyperkinesis, and also teach household skills.

With atonic-astatic form of cerebral palsy ...

With double hemiplegia...

It is necessary to pay special attention to exercises during which the hand works - these are exercises for extending the hand, grasping small objects, and also exercises with abduction of the lower extremities are used. Moreover, to perform these exercises, facilitated conditions are created.

As for spastic diplegia...

In this disease, exercises for coordination and balance, relaxation, as well as treatment with position are widely used. Equally important is teaching patients to walk.

If a child has been diagnosed with a neurological diagnosis of cerebral palsy, it is extremely important to start corrective and educational work as early as possible. This is due to the peculiarities of physical development - the high plasticity of the child's brain, and its ability to compensate for impaired and lost functions. It is important to understand that neurological problems and developmental delays physical development body, also entail a significant delay in the psychomotor development of the child. It must be remembered that physical therapy alone is unable to cope with such a serious illness as cerebral palsy. Rehabilitation work with children with cerebral palsy should be comprehensive, limited to one procedure or one course of treatment per year will be ineffective. Every parent of a special child must be aware of the need for ongoing comprehensive treatment.

It is important to know that in case of hyperkinetic form of cerebral palsy, while doing exercise therapy, it is necessary to avoid some restrictions, namely: limit exercise on simulators, exercises with dumbbells and other heavy objects, as well as jumping exercises, running on short distances. All these exercises contribute to an even greater increase in muscle tone, so they must be approached with caution. In general, I must say that sick children should not be engaged in simulators. With the age of the child, the formation of contractures increases, muscle tone increases. And classes on simulators lead to even greater contractures, muscles "clog", coordination of movements is disturbed. There is also an increase in muscle spasticity, and this often contributes to the appearance of pain, the muscles cannot be relaxed. Given all these factors, it is better for children with cerebral palsy to refrain from exercising on simulators. Children with cerebral palsy are contraindicated in most sports simulators, with the exception of those that were specially designed for this purpose. These include, for example, a hippo simulator or a Motomed simulator.

​ Children and adolescents near school age with cerebral palsy, doing physiotherapy exercises, train certain labor skills and self-service skills. Many parents do not realize the importance of teaching the child to serve himself in the first place.

exercise therapy at various diseases and paralysis of the nervous system sets itself the following tasks:

• Providing a healing and restorative effect on the body
• Improving blood circulation and metabolic processes in problem areas
• Improvement and stimulation of metabolic processes in the body
• Fight against the formation of adhesions between the sheaths of the nerve and surrounding tissues
• Strengthening weakened muscles, increasing the range of motion and amplitude, restoring coordination of movements
• Fighting related problems and disorders of cerebral palsy - curvature of the spine, spasticity and many others.

The purpose of the exercises is to relieve tension in the muscles, expand the range of motion and develop the musculoskeletal system.

Exercises to develop muscle sensitivity; to generate force, making it possible to regulate a certain area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe muscle.

Exercises to improve the functional state of the nervous tissue by training the sensitivity of the nerves.

Endurance exercises, to maintain the efficiency of the functioning of organs.

Relaxation workout, to eliminate spasms, tension and cramps.

resistance exercises: gradually increasing resistance training to develop muscle strength.

At the First Step Medical Center, you can sign up for physical therapy classes with more than 5 different specialists, as well as choose a Russian or Chinese instructor.

Each instructor has extensive experience working with children and their own profile - some have received additional training in Vojta therapy, others in Bobath therapy or in other areas. Regardless of their specialization, they all get along well with children and know their business very well.

Signing up for exercise therapy in Kazan is very simple - just contact the First Step medical center. To do this, call us toll-free number 8-800-500-54-86, or request a call back. In addition, our online consultant can answer all your questions.

Select Content Template

Hello dear readers! Once I published an article about V. A. Bandurin. He developed his system proper nutrition and conducting therapeutic exercises for children with disabilities. Be sure to read this post if you have a question about the treatment of such children. Today we will talk about the basic principles and goals of physical therapy for cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy is a paralysis of the central nervous system that occurs as a result of damage to one or more parts of the brain. The disease can begin its development during pregnancy, childbirth or newborn.

With cerebral palsy, muscle tone is disturbed, which further leads to the formation of pathological motor reactions, difficulty in maintaining balance and counteracting gravity. In the future, this also leads to the formation of contractures and deformities of the limbs.

One of the most effective and efficient means of rehabilitation is Exercise therapy for children with cerebral palsy.

Therapeutic physical education contributes to the development of the child's ability to inhibit movements, control over them. Exercise improves coordination and increases range of motion.

Therefore, the main goals and exercise therapy tasks for children are:

• Teaching a child everyday skills;
• Patients' knowledge of elementary labor activity;
• Self-service without the help of parents, carers, etc.

The result is the development of new skills, as well as the correct movements.

It is very important that exercise therapy classes began shortly after the birth of the child, with a gradual complication. Moreover, classes should be started, even if the child does not have signs of cerebral palsy, but there is a predisposition to its development.

Principles of Methods

Exercise therapy, like other common techniques, is based on a number of principles:

1. Regular and systematic exercise;
2. No long breaks
3. Gradual increase in physical activity;
4. Lack of orientation to other patients - only individual ways;
5. Accounting for the stage of development of the disease, the age of the child, his psychological state.

Correctional and educational work is especially important, because it allows you to compensate for impaired functions. It is recommended to take classes with early years. Remember - the sooner the better for the child!

The role of classes

Exercise therapy for children with cerebral palsy plays an important role:

• Making a healing impact on general state organism;
• Contributing to the strengthening of tissues and organs in the child's body;
• Activation of weakened muscles;
• The fight against the curvature of the spinal column;
• Improving metabolism and other metabolic processes;
• Activation of the brain, acceleration of blood circulation.

Therapeutic exercise is a separate component of a holistic complex that can cope with the disease.

What classes does it include?

Everything exercise therapy complexes for children with cerebral palsy are selected on an individual basis, but in any case, it will include the following exercises:

1. For relaxation;
2. To improve dynamics;
3. To stimulate action;
4. Exercises in the prone position, sitting;
5. Game-type activities, etc.

A set of exercise therapy exercises for children with cerebral palsy from an instructor with many years of experience - Kirichenko Valentina Anatolyevna

You can also add something that was not included in the film, these are:

• If the child has difficulty walking on his own or does not walk at all on his own, classes should begin near the bars or a rigid support, then alternate from a tight rope to a loose one. Then do it all near the wall.
• In order for the center of gravity to be evenly distributed on both sides of the body, the exercises must be done first with one leg and arm, then with the other.
• On the weakened part (or side) to give a greater load.
• Squat exercises should not be deep, in most cases only to the height of the lower leg ...

Classes to stimulate the motor apparatus

Specialists have developed a number of exercise therapy exercises for cerebral palsy, which allow you to develop and strengthen motor abilities sick. These include:

1. The child must take the original stance - sit on his heels. Stand in front of him, put his hands on his shoulders, fix the patient in the pelvic region, gradually stimulate kneeling;
2. The child must kneel. Support him under the armpits, start moving him in different directions so that he learns to transfer body weight on one leg without anyone's help. He must independently tear off the other leg from the reference point and spread his arms to the sides;
3. The child should sit on a chair. Stand facing him. With your legs, fix his legs to the floor, take his hands. Pull your hands forward and up so that he learns to get up without the help of strangers;
4. The child should stand so that one leg is placed in front of the other. Alternately push the patient in the back, then in the chest. This will teach him to keep his balance;
5. The child must stand up. Take him by one hand, start pulling and pushing in different directions so that he takes a step;
6. The next starting position for the lesson is to lie on your back. He should press with his feet on a solid surface. This exercise develops support.

Classes for the development of movements in the joints

Exercises necessary for the development and strengthening of the joints:

1. The child should lie on his back. One of his legs is required to be kept in the unbending position, the second should be slowly bent at the knee joint. If possible, the thigh should be leaned against the stomach, then taken away;
2. The child lies on its side, begins to slowly abduct the thigh, while the knee of the leg is in a bent state;
3. The patient lies on his stomach, on the edge of the table, so that both legs hang off him. It is necessary to slowly straighten the limbs;
4. The child lies on his back, then begins to bend his knee, after which he unbends it as much as possible;
5. The patient lies on his stomach, under the chest he needs to put a roller. It is necessary to lift the child by outstretched arms, make springy movements with light jerks. This exercise will strengthen upper part torso;
6. The child lies on his back. His arm must be bent so that the patient's face is turned in this direction. Then the arm is bent while the child's head is in the other direction.

Exercise therapy for children with cerebral palsy video:

Exercises for the abdomen

Here are a number of exercises necessary for the development and strengthening of the abdominal muscles:

1. The child sits on his mother's lap. His back must be pressed against the mother's chest, then tilt with him. This is required for the baby to feel confident. Next, fix the legs and hips of the baby so that he can rise on his own. If the rise is difficult, the mother helps him;
2. The child lies on his back, presses both hands to the body. With the help of swing movements, he makes an attempt to roll over on his stomach and then back. The main thing is that it is forbidden to help with your hands;
3. The child lies on his back, then begins to inhale and exhale, drawing in the stomach as you exhale.

Exercises needed for stretching

1. The child sits on the floor and stretches his legs in front of him so that the body is located at a right angle. The patient stretches his arms in front of him, takes a breath. On exhalation, he tries to bend the body so that he can reach his toes with his palms. You can help the child and tilt the torso even more so that his forehead also touches his legs.
2. The child lies on his stomach, hands should be located along the body. The patient leans on the palms, then slowly raises the chest. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that his head is thrown back, his breathing is slow.
3. Take the starting position - lie on your back, put your legs together. Raise straightened legs above your head, do not bend your knees, hands should lie on the floor. Try to touch the floor above your head with your fingers.
4. Sitting on the floor, you need to bend your right leg so that the heel touches the left thigh. The left foot must be placed on the right side of the opposite knee, move the right hand around the left knee, hold the left foot with it.

Then bring the left hand behind the back to the opposite side of the waist, while turning the head to the left and tilting it so that the chin touches the left shoulder. Make sure that the child's right knee does not come off the floor surface!

All these stretching exercises are aimed at:

• Correction of defects in the back and spinal column;
• Strengthening the spinal cord, spinal nerves;
• Strengthening the muscles of the arms and legs.

Relaxation activities

To relax the upper limbs, it is required to lie on the head, fix the arm and leg on one side using sandbags. The free hand is required to be bent at the knee, the forearm is fixed by the instructor (mother). The instructor (mother) holds the patient's hand until the muscle tone weakens, then shakes the hand, alternates passive movements (flexion, rotation, abduction, etc.).

To relax the lower extremities, you need to lie on your head, fix your hands, legs should touch your stomach. Mom holds the shins, carries out the movement of abduction in the hip joint. After that, having fixed one leg, it makes movements in a circle with leg extension. Then the same exercise must be carried out for the second leg.

Breathing exercises

Exercises aimed at correcting breathing (before doing these exercises, you need to lie on your back, then slowly move to a sitting and standing position):

1. Show how to take a deep breath in and out through your nose and mouth. Inflate toys, blow bubbles;
2. Learn to pronounce sounds (a, o, e, etc.) with different volumes, play the harmonica, sing;
3. Inhale on the count, raising your hands up, then also on the count, exhale and lower your hands. Exhalation is recommended to be done by lowering your head into a bath of water.

To see the result, exercise therapy for children with cerebral palsy is recommended to be carried out regularly. And remember, cerebral palsy is not a sentence!

That's all for me, but we will return to this topic in the next article, where one of our readers will share personal experience recovery of a child with cerebral palsy.