In recent decades, the development of sports in the world has been at an accelerated pace. World and Olympic records are constantly updated, athletes achieve unimaginable results that seemed fantastic and unattainable just 20-30 years ago. What is the guarantee of such progress in achieving records and how can human nature be defeated? It's no secret that the sports industry has received a lot of attention and many areas of science and technology are being used to help athletes train and perform. Innovative technologies are constantly being developed to help fight for tenths and even hundredths of a second in swimming, running, skiing and many others. Not the last role in the preparation of athletes is played by the use of pharmacological preparations and specialized sports nutrition, the latest medical technologies for recovery and rehabilitation. Pharmacology and medical technologies in sports are already long time divided into prohibited and permitted. The List of Prohibited Substances and Methods is annually approved by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and is mandatory for athletes in all sports that have recognized the WADA World Anti-Doping Code, as well as those recognized by the International Olympic Committee. And if everything is practically clear with the drugs included in the prohibited list, then what about the huge amount of non-prohibited pharmacology that athletes use? Many leading coaches and athletes confidently state that without modern pharmacological support, the progress of sports results is impossible, and we are talking about “permitted” drugs. In addition, correctly selected schemes for the use of vitamins, reducing agents, protein and amino acid mixtures, specialized sports nutrition, etc. really help the athlete's body recover faster after exorbitant physical activity, improve metabolic rates in tissues, increase energy supply to muscles, etc. But, as in everything else, in the use of pharmacological and other special preparations and food additives you need to observe a sense of proportion and follow the recommendations specific to drugs. Unfortunately, in recent years, the problems of using pharmacology, and not just vitamins, but serious drugs, have begun to penetrate into the environment of youth sports. Coaches, athletes, and often parents themselves, in order to achieve better sports results, begin to use pharmacological agents in young athletes. And very often, in pursuit of records, drugs are used, although they are not included in the WADA Prohibited List, but those that, due to the age of the athlete, cannot be prescribed to him. Thus, although technically no anti-doping rule violations are being committed, health young athlete there can be actual harm from performance-enhancing drugs. At the same time, the long-term consequences for the health of an athlete from taking these drugs, as a rule, have not been studied in clinical practice, and may also constitute a real long-term threat to the health of a child. This situation has already been noted by the leadership of WADA and receives worldwide resonance. For example, at the World Anti-Doping Agency Anti-Doping Symposium held in September 2012 in Stockholm, David Homeman, Director General of WADA, noted the problem of steroid use by schoolchildren and the uncontrolled sale of unverified medicines via the Internet and through individuals, including through employees gyms. The problem of doping by non-professional athletes, the distribution of steroids among young people, as well as the global undermining of the values ​​​​of sport through fixed matches, bribery and corruption. These problems do not belong to the sphere of elite sports, but recently they can no longer be ignored, and they pose a serious danger to society as a whole. In addition, doping has the ability to move from the elite to the masses. Professional athletes who use doping have a significant impact on both young and adult amateur athletes. So, Dr. Timothy Armstrong, who works for the WHO (World Health Organization), explains that about 3% of students high school in America they regularly take growth hormones or steroids. That's a very large number, and it's certainly a public health issue, he adds. Substance abuse, in any form or form, has an impact on physical and mental health. WHO, being the lead agency of the United Nations on health issues, is quite concerned about this problem. It is important that young people are aware of the moral, legal and health implications of doping. Based on this issue, the following are the main provisions of the 2013 WADA Prohibited List, as well as a list of drugs that are allowed in sport and are often used by athletes in sports training. Particularly noteworthy are the given data on age restrictions on taking drugs, based on data from manufacturers. The Prohibited List is an international standard that defines which substances and methods are prohibited in sport. This international document is regularly updated and the updated version comes into force on 1 January. The 2013 Prohibited List includes the following groups of substances and methods:

1. Substances and methods prohibited at all times (both in-competition and out-of-competition): - substances not approved for use. This group includes any pharmacological substances that are not included in any of the sections of the Prohibited List and are not approved by any state regulatory health authority for therapeutic use (i.e. substances in the stage of preclinical and clinical trials, or clinical trials of which have been stopped, designer drugs , substances permitted only in veterinary medicine); - anabolic agents (for example, testosterone, danazol, methandienone, methasterone, methyltestosterone, nandrolone, prostanozole, androstenediol, etc.). This group also includes selective androgen receptor modulators, as well as clenbuterol, tibolone, zeranol, zilpaterol, etc.; - peptide hormones, growth factors and similar substances (for example, erythropoietin, corticotropins, growth hormone, etc.) - beta-2 agonists . This group includes substances for the treatment bronchial asthma or used in other areas of medicine - salbutamol, formoterol, fenoterol, terbutaline, etc. You should know that inhalation of salbutamol (in a daily dose not exceeding 1600 micrograms), formoterol (in a daily dose not exceeding 54 micrograms) and salmeterol are not prohibited in sports; - hormonal and metabolic modulators. This group includes aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane, testolactone, etc.), selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene, etc.), agents that change the functions of myostatin (myostatin inhibitors, etc.), insulins, and also clomiphene, cyclophenyl, fulvestrant, etc.; - diuretics and other masking agents (for example, acetazolamide, spironolactone, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, furosemide, etc., as well as glycerol, nutritionally administered albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and mannitol); - manipulations with blood and its components. These manipulations include the application or re-introduction of any amount of blood of autologous, homologous or heterologous origin or red blood cell preparations of any origin into the circulatory system; artificial increase in oxygen uptake, transport or delivery resulting from, but not limited to, perfluorates, efaproxiral (RSR13), or modified hemoglobin products (such as hemoglobin-based blood substitutes or microencapsulated hemoglobin preparations), except for the use additional oxygen; any form of intravascular manipulation with blood or its components by physical or chemical means. - chemical and physical manipulations (intravenous infusions and / or intravenous injections of more than 50 ml with an interval of more than 1 time in 6 hours, except when necessary medical care is provided in a hospital or in the conduct of clinical trials, as well as falsification or attempted falsification of samples taken during doping control); - gene doping (transfer of a polymer chain of nucleic acids or analogues of nucleic acids, the use of normal or genetically modified cells);

2. Substances prohibited in-competition only: - stimulants (eg, amphetamine, bromantane, cocaine, fenotropil, phentermine, nikethamide, sibutramine, tuaminoheptane, methylhexanamine, etc.); - drugs (for example, heroin, morphine, hydromorphone, etc.); - cannabinoids (natural and synthetic); - glucocorticosteroids. These substances are prohibited for oral, rectal, intravenous and intramuscular use;

3. Substances prohibited in certain sports: alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited in the following sports: aeronautics (FAI), archery (FITA), motorsport (FIA), karate (WKF), motorcycling (FIM); beta-blockers are prohibited in the following sports: motorsport (FIA), billiards (all disciplines) (WCBS), golf (IGF), darts (WDF), skiing/snowboarding (FIS) (ski jumping, freestyle acrobatics /halfpipe, snowboard halfpipe/big air), archery (FITA), shooting (ISSF , IPC), single motor sports (UIM). Beta-blockers include substances such as atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol, etc. Sometimes substances that may be required for treatment are included in the Prohibited List. A Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) is required before an athlete can use these drugs to treat their condition. To do this, you must fill out a request in the prescribed form. The request is filled out together with the attending physician, who indicates the diagnosis, the name of the drug, the method of application and the rationale for the prescription of the drug containing substances prohibited in sports. The procedure for obtaining a Therapeutic Use Exemption is described in more detail in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions. Below is a list of drugs that are allowed in sports. The electronic version of this list, as well as other materials on anti-doping topics, can be found on the website of the Fair Sport program (anti-doping.ru). The list is regularly updated and supplemented.

LIST OF DRUGS ALLOWED IN SPORTS

(2012 - 2013)

ATTENTION! Some of the formulations presented may be administered as intravenous injections and/or infusions. These methods of administration are prohibited if the volume of the administered drug exceeds 50 ml and the drug is administered at intervals of more than 1 time in 6 hours (with the exception of cases of necessary medical care in a hospital or clinical trials). Information about the limitations of the use of drugs in different age groups is indicative. The possibility of using the drug at a particular age should be decided by the doctor. The presented list does not exclude the existence of other drugs that are not prohibited in sports. Before using any drug, you should consult your doctor.

Prohibited List 2018. What can and cannot be taken by athletes in the new year?

WADA has published the 2018 Prohibited List, which will come into effect in three months from January 1, 2018. Considering the numerous stories and, first of all, of course, the entire Meldonium nightmare of early 2016 related to incorrect or incomplete reading of the new version of the banned list, I propose to analyze the most important changes in more detail.

Alcohol allowed

Previously, it was banned only in some sports (archery, motorsport, aeronautics and powerboating), but now the condition of athletes at the start and during competitions in these disciplines is at the mercy of law enforcement agencies. From the point of view of WADA, there is nothing wrong with “rolling up” one hundred and fifty grams of cognac before the start of a rally or scooter race.

Synthetic cannabidiol is allowed

Cannabidiol is one of the three main cannabinoids found in hemp. The other two, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol, are still banned.

Here WADA, of course, enters a very slippery path. Indeed, the substance cannabidiol, obtained completely artificially, does not have a psychoactive effect and is used both in medicine and in everyday life. But who will give a guarantee that synthetic cannabidiol is used in a particular drug, and not derived from hemp?

In the event that the drug is derived from a plant and has not been perfectly purified from impurities of THC and cannabinol, its use may cause a positive test for these two substances, which, I remind you, are still prohibited in competitions.

There are a number of cases where, after submitting a urine sample positive for marijuana at competitions, athletes will say that it was caused by the manufacturer’s fraud, which indicated that they use hemp oil, a fully synthetic cannabidiol that does not contain impurities, in their product. And even wrote it on the package.

Hands off Vitamin B12

When WADA placed cobalt on the banned list, some particularly zealous anti-doping activists decided that cobalt-containing vitamin B12 also fell into this category.

Strictly speaking, there are three forms of vitamin B12: cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and cobamamide. All of them, as they were allowed, remain allowed, which is now separately indicated in the prohibited list.

Only cobalt itself is banned, usually in the form of its salts, most often cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate.

And, just don’t laugh, technically, our domestic harmless vitamin complex “Complivit” remains doping, because in addition to vitamin B12, cobalt is separately declared in its composition, in the form of sulfate heptahydrate, 100 mcg in each tablet.

The volume of infusions is increased

The main and best news, for which WADA has great respect. Intravenous volume limits changed from 50 milliliters in 6 hours to 100 milliliters in 12 hours.

This means that if in the past a single infusion of a 100 milliliter dropper was an anti-doping rule violation, now it is not. It’s just that for the next 12 hours nothing can be “set”.

From an applied point of view, this is very good news, because some legal drugs simply do not dissolve in 50 milliliters, if, of course, we are talking about “working” dosages.

Glycerin no longer dope

It turned out that the substance has a minimal effect on the volume of blood plasma and, accordingly, the parameters of the biopassport. He was removed from the banned list.

But, since the law is not retroactive, if someone was previously disqualified for glycerin, then they will not apologize and cancel the disqualification. In light of this, I remembered the funny story of two American rowers, Gregory Flood and Frank Petrucci, who, deciding that it was glycerol (as it was listed on the banned list) and not glycerol (the popular name) that was banned, bought the latter and started drinking. Later, realizing that they were doping and, it seems, passed positive tests, the rowers themselves turned to USADA and received a public warning with the deprivation of results for the period of taking the drug.

It would seem that a good end to the story, but the International Rowing Federation was a little stunned by such a quick (only 10 days!) investigation and a mild verdict. The nuance was that the decision was made on August 20, 2013, and on August 26, the World Championship began in Korea, where these Americans were declared in the swing twos class light weight. Since USADA made a decision, the international federation could not prevent athletes from participating in the World Championships, it was first necessary to challenge and cancel this decision. The case was reopened, and it was heard already in Korea, right during the World Cup.

• On August 26, the guys went to the start of the preliminary race, not even knowing how this whole mess would end and whether they were rowing in vain. As a result, we came to the finish line last, fifth. We got into the "race of hope".
• On August 28, still not knowing the results of the hearings, they started the race of hope and finished third, qualifying for the "B" final.
• On August 30, in the “B” final, they took the second place, thus taking the eighth place in the World Championship (1-6 places are played in the “A” final).
• Four hours after the "B" final, they received a decision that their punishment had been changed from "public warning" to "reprimand". The admission to the championship was not canceled and the results of the athletes were not disqualified.

And now, four years after those events, Gregory Flood and Frank Petrucci will, I am sure, be glad to read in the news that the drug they were taking, it turns out, is not doping at all, but only from January 1, 2018.

1,3-dimethylbutylamine is explicitly banned

This is a stimulant that is only banned in competition. Previously, it was not explicitly listed on the prohibited list, and passed under the item "substances with a similar chemical structure and similar biological effects." At the same time, it has long been present on the market as part of a variety of pre-workout complexes.

Now the substance is explicitly stated, and attempts by athletes' lawyers or the athletes themselves to say that they did not find it on the prohibited list will no longer work.

Bemitil and hydrocodone put on monitoring

Another Soviet drug, the adaptogen bemitil, was put under monitoring, as was the painkiller hydrocodone. The very fact of monitoring doesn’t say much about anything, caffeine has been there for several years, and nothing. Moreover, some drugs are removed from the monitoring program without being transferred to the banned status. So, in 2018, the alkaloid mitragynine and the pressure remedy telmisartan will be removed. Therefore, there is nothing to worry about yet, although the inclusion of bemityl under monitoring is very interesting, given its rather narrow geographical distribution, like meldonium. It is not used in the West.

Meldonium is still banned

There are no changes here, the main reason for the ridiculous positive samples from the post-Soviet space remained on the banned list.

Summary

As you can see, the changes are small but important. The most critical, of course, is the increase in the single volume of infusions, this is very correct.

There are still no threshold values ​​for cobalt, which means that it is extremely difficult to apply any sanctions on this substance - it is found in simple foods, especially seafood.

The inclusion of bemitil in the monitoring program, in my opinion, makes the probability of its subsequent ban above 50%. I would not say that this drug is used massively in our sport, but it occupies its own niche. On the this moment there are no studies on the timing of elimination of this substance in terms of doping control, however, there is evidence that the drug can accumulate in the body. All this smells like a repetition of the meldonium story if it is banned in one of the following editions of the banned list. In this matter, everyone needs to be very careful.

Well, as for 1,3-dimethylbutylamine, I have long advised everyone to use only freshly brewed coffee as a stimulant and hunger blocker. A huge number of athletes have already burned out on a variety of pre-workouts and fat burners, from Olympic champions(Asapha Powell, Evie Sachenbacher-Stele) to nameless first-rankers.

In general, the new banned list differs little from previous versions. Basically, some clarifications, adjustments, changes in wording have been made. Some long overdue drugs, such as thyroid hormones and dinitrophenol, are still not listed. The latter seems to cling through “drugs no longer used”, but it is better, of course, to indicate explicitly.

Against the background of the absence of thyroid hormones in the list, which are very widely and consciously used in sports, flirting with marijuana in terms of allowing the use of cannabidiol looks extremely doubtful, this will only add headaches to everyone, it is easier to ban all drugs on an ongoing basis, and not look for any those are ridiculous compromises.

The updated list of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has been replenished with new prohibited substances and methods that athletes, doctors and officials of national sports federations should have familiarized themselves with three months ago. Non-compliance by athletes with the new rules for the use of medical support will result in their suspension from competitive activities.

The new list came into effect on January 1, 2017. The changes affected almost all categories of the prohibited list, but they do not have a serious impact on the structure of anti-doping work. Most of the amendments are based on clinical trials of various pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements (BAA), the use of which can give an advantage to an athlete during competitions and preparation for them. Thus, athletes and sports physicians need to check the composition of their composition for the absence of new prohibited substances before starting to use drugs.

Beware, Arimistan

The Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) in December once again drew attention to the fact that dietary supplements may contain substances such as higenamine, delta-2 or 2-androstenone and arimistane (androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione). Higenamine is found in the plant tinosporta ribella, which is included in some supplements, delta-2 is added as an example of a metabolite of the steroid hormone DHEA, and arimistane is added as a new example of an aromatase inhibitor.

Doctors and athletes should pay special attention to arimistan, which is contained in many samples of professional sports nutrition. At the same time, some manufacturers do not indicate the presence of this substance in the composition of their products, and the time of withdrawal of the drug from the human body has not been studied. There is only an assumption that arimistan can linger in the body for more than two months after the end of its intake.

The Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia (FBMA), which accompanies the national teams of the country, previously issued a statement that there were no dietary supplements containing arimistan in the formulary of drugs supplied for the pharmaceutical supply of athletes.

Don't repeat mistakes

The topic of the timing of the withdrawal of illicit drugs from the body became especially relevant after the meldonium scandal that broke out last year. The substance contained in the drug Mildronate, popular with athletes in Eastern Europe (a prohibited substance - meldonium), turned out to be little studied, so many athletes did not refuse to use it until the end of 2015, when meldonium was not yet among the prohibited substances. In fact, it turned out that it is excreted from the body for several months, so that at the beginning of next year, many stars Russian sports, including tennis player Maria Sharapova and speed skater Pavel Kulizhnikov, were temporarily suspended from participation in competitions until the end of the proceedings.

After additional investigation by WADA, almost all the athletes were acquitted in the meldonium cases. Only Sharapova was found guilty of violating anti-doping rules, who admitted at a press conference that she had used meldonium already in 2016. She failed to escape punishment, but the period of disqualification was reduced - she will be able to enter the court in April.

Other banned substances effective January 1 also include fenoterol, formoterol, indacaterol, olodaterol, procaterol, reproterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline, and vilanterol. Salbutamol dosing parameters have been changed to clarify that the full 24-hour dose should not be taken in one go.

In the category "Manipulation of blood and blood components" it was noted that supplemental oxygen administered by inhalation rather than intravenous was allowed. Lisdexamfetamine is banned because it is an inactive prodrug of amphetamine. An opioid analgesic has been added to the Narcotics category, which converts to morphine upon administration.

4.1. Publication and revision banned list

WADA obliged to publish Prohibited List as international standard as often as necessary, but at least once a year. Intended content banned list and all its changes will be provided immediately Signatories and governments for comments and consultations in writing. Annual version banned list and all its changes will be immediately provided WADA Signatories, accredited or approved WADA laboratories and governments, and will be published on the website WADA, a Signatories are required to take appropriate steps to provide banned list to all its members and organizations that are part of them. In the rules of each Anti-Doping Organization should include a clause stating that if Prohibited List or amendments thereto not otherwise specified, Prohibited List or changes take effect three months after publication WADA Prohibited List, without any further requirements for Anti-Doping Organization.

Note to article 4.1.Changes to the Prohibited List will be made and published as necessary. However, for the sake of predictability, a new Prohibited List will be published every year, whether or not changes have been made. WADA will always post the most current version of the Prohibited List on its website. The Prohibited List is an integral part of the International Convention Against Doping in Sport. WADA will inform Director General UNESCO on any changes to the Prohibited List.

4.2. Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods listed in Prohibited List

Prohibited List should include such Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods, which are banned for use as doping all the time, that is, as in Competitive, and in out-of-competition period, because they are able to improve physical form for the upcoming Competitions or mask the use of those substances and methods that are prohibited only in Competitive period. Prohibited List can be extended WADA for a specific sport. Prohibited Substances from prohibited methods can be included either in the general class banned list(for example, anabolic agents), or with reference to a specific substance or method.

Note to article 4.2.1.Out-of-Competition Use of a substance that is prohibited in-Competition only is not an anti-doping rule violation unless an Adverse Analytical Finding for the substance or its Metabolites or Markers is found in an In-Competition Sample.

4.2.2. Special Substances

All Prohibited Substances, with the exception of substances of the class of anabolic agents and hormones, as well as stimulants and antagonists of hormones and modulators, indicated as such in Prohibited List, will be considered "special" substances for the purposes of the application of Article 10. Prohibited Methods not included in the category "Special Substances".

Note to article 4.2.2.The Specified Substances referred to in Article 4.2.2 shall in no case be considered less important or less dangerous than other doping substances. They are simply more likely to be consumed by the Athlete for purposes other than performance enhancement.

4.2.3. New classes Prohibited Substances

If a WADA will expand Prohibited List, adding to it new class Prohibited Substances, according to Article 4.1, the Executive Committee WADA must determine whether one of them or all Prohibited Substances within the new class special substances in accordance with article 4.2.2.

4.3. Criteria for inclusion of substances and methods in Prohibited List

WADA will follow the following criteria when deciding whether to include a substance or method in Prohibited List:

4.3.1. The substance or method should be considered for inclusion in Prohibited List, if WADA determines, in its sole discretion, that the substance or method meets any two of the three criteria.

4.3.1.1. Medical or other scientific evidence, pharmacological effect, or experience indicates that the substance or method, alone or in combination with other substances or methods, is capable of enhancing or enhancing athletic performance.

Note to Article 4.3.1.1.This article provides for the possibility that there are substances that, when used individually, are not prohibited, but would be prohibited when used in combination with certain other substances. A substance added to the Prohibited List because it can only enhance athletic performance when combined with another substance should be labeled as such and prohibited only when there is evidence of the combined use of both substances.

4.3.1.2. Medical and other scientific evidence, pharmacological effects or experience indicate that the use of the substance or method presents an actual or potential health risk Athlete.

4.3.1.3. WADA decides that the use of this substance or method is contrary to the spirit of sport, as described in paragraph Code"Introduction".

4.3.2. The substance or method must also be included in Prohibited List, if WADA determines that there are medical or other scientific evidence, pharmacological effect or experience indicating that the substance or method is capable of masking the use of other Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.

Note to article 4.3.2.Each year, as part of the process, all Signatories, governments and other interested parties are invited to comment on the content of the Prohibited List by WADA.

4.3.3. Decision WADA on the inclusion of a particular substance or method in Prohibited List, classification of substances into categories in Prohibited List, and classification by substances prohibited at all times or only in competitive period is final and cannot be subject to negotiation by Athlete or otherwise faces on the basis that the substance or method was not a masking agent, could not improve performance, did not pose a risk to health, or was not contrary to the spirit of the sport.

4.4. Therapeutic Use Exemption (TI)

4.4.1. Availability Prohibited Substance or her Metabolites, or markers, Usage or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited method, Possession of Prohibited Substances or prohibited methods, or Purpose of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited method compliant with a Therapeutic Use Exemption that has been granted under the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions shall not be considered an anti-doping rule violation.

4.4.2. Athletes, which are not International athletes, must apply to his or her to receive TI. If a refuses to extradite TI, Athlete has the right to appeal exclusively to the national level appeal body provided for in Articles 13.2.2 and 13.2.3.

4.4.3 Athlete, which is International level athlete must submit a request to his or her International Federation.

4.4.3.1 If Athlete already has TI issued by his or her , to the relevant substance or method, and if TI meets the criteria set out in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, then the International Federation must recognize it. If the International Federation considers that TI does not meet the criteria contained in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions and refuses to accept it, the International Federation must immediately notify Athlete and his National Anti-Doping Organization indicating the reasons for the refusal. In this case Athlete or National Anti-Doping Organization may, within 21 days from the date of such notification, refer the case for consideration WADA. If the case was transferred WADA for consideration, TI, issued National Anti-Doping Organization, continues to operate for Competitive and at the national level (but not valid for Competitions international level) before making a decision WADA. If the case has not been referred to WADA for consideration, TI becomes invalid for any purpose after the 21-day deadline for filing TI for consideration.

4.4.3.2. If a Athlete does not have TI issued by its National Anti-Doping Organization in relation to the relevant substance or method, Athlete must submit a request directly to their International Federation as soon as the need arises. If the International Federation (or National Anti-Doping Organization, in cases where they agreed to consider the request on behalf of the International Federation) refuses Athlete, she must immediately notify Athlete about it, indicating the reasons for the refusal. If the International Federation grants Athlete TI, she must notify not only Athlete but also his or her National Anti-Doping Organization, and if National Anti-Doping Organization thinks that TI does not meet the criteria established by the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, it has the right, within 21 days from the date of notification, to refer the case to WADA for consideration. If a National Anti-Doping Organization transfers the case to WADA for consideration, TI issued by the International Federation remains valid for Competitions international level and Out-of-Competition Testing(but does not apply to Competitions national level) before a decision is made WADA. If a National Anti-Doping Organization does not refer the matter to WADA for consideration, TI issued by the International Federation becomes valid also for Competitions national level after the 21-day deadline for filing TI for consideration.

Note to article 4.4.3.If an International Federation refuses to recognize a TUE granted by a National Anti-Doping Organization because there are insufficient medical records or other information to meet the criteria set out in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, the case shall not be referred to WADA. On the contrary, the package of documents must be supplemented and resubmitted to the International Federation for consideration. If an International Federation has selected an Athlete who is not an International-Level Athlete for Testing, it must recognize the TUE granted to such Athlete by the National Anti-Doping Organization.

4.4.4. may require Athletes submit requests for TI in case they want Use a Prohibited Substance or forbidden method in connection with sports event.

In this case

4.4.4.1. Major sporting event organizer must provide an accessible filing process sportsman request for TI if he doesn't have one. In case of issuance TI it is only valid for this sports event.

4.4.4.2. If Athlete has already TI issued by his or her National Anti-Doping Organization or International Federation, and if given TI meets the criteria set out in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, Major sporting event organizer must admit this TI. If a Major sporting event organizer believes that TI does not meet these criteria, and refuses to recognize him, he must immediately inform Athlete explaining the reasons for the refusal.

4.4.4.3. Decision Organizer of a major sporting event recognize or not recognize TI can be appealed sportsman exclusively to an independent body established or appointed for that purpose Organizer of a major sporting event. If a Athlete does not appeal (or if the appeal is not decided in his favor), he or she cannot Use relevant Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method in a relationship sports event , but any TI issued by his or her National Anti-Doping Organization or the International Federation for that substance or method, continues to operate beyond sports event.

Note to article 4.4.4.3.For example, a CAS Ad Hoc division or similar body may act as an independent appeal body for individual Events, or WADA may agree to perform such a function. If neither CAS nor WADA fulfill this function, WADA shall have the right (but not the obligation) to review TUE decisions made in respect of an Event at any time in accordance with Article 4.4.6.

4.4.5. If a Anti-Doping Organization for Testing was selected Athlete, which is not Athlete of the international or national level, which Uses a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method for therapeutic purposes Anti-Doping Organization may allow him or her to apply for a retroactive TI.

4.4.6. WADA should review the decision of the International Federation not to recognize the permission to TI, issued National Anti-Doping Organization which was given to him sportsman or . Besides, WADA should review the decision of the International Federation to extradite TI which was sent Athlete's National Anti-Doping Organization. WADA may review any other decisions on TI at any time at the request of interested parties or on their own initiative. If the decision to extradite TI meets all criteria established by the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, WADA will not change it. If the decision does not meet the specified criteria, WADA will call him back.

Note to article 4.4.6.WADA may charge fees to cover the costs of:

a) a revision requested in accordance with Article 4.4.

b) any revision which it has made and on which the decision has been set aside.

4.4.7. Any solution for TI International Federation (or National Anti-Doping Organization agreed to consider the application on behalf of the International Federation) which was not revised WADA or which has been revised WADA, but was not canceled as a result of the review, can be appealed sportsman and/or National Anti-Doping Organization exclusively in CAS.

Note to article 4.4.7.In these cases, the decision being appealed is a decision by the International TUE Federation and not a decision by WADA not to review the TUE decision or, after reviewing the case file, not to reverse it. However, the time limit for filing an appeal does not begin until WADA makes a decision. In any event, whether or not WADA has considered the matter, WADA must be notified of the appeal in case it considers it necessary to participate in the appeal.

4.4.8. Decision WADA about cancellation TI can be appealed sportsman, National Anti-Doping Organization and (or) the International Federation exclusively in CAS.

4.4.9. Failure to reach a decision within a reasonable time on a properly submitted application for extradition/recognition TI or to reconsider the decision TI will be considered a denial of this application.

The World Anti-Doping Code was unanimously adopted in Copenhagen in 2003 at the World Conference on Anti-Doping in Sport. International sports federations, National Olympic Committees, International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee and other sports organizations adopted the Code before the 2004 Athens Olympics. The WADA Anti-Doping Rules are binding on all athletes worldwide.

Prohibited List

The Prohibited List is an international standard that defines which substances and methods are prohibited in sport. The list also includes substances that are prohibited for certain types sports.

Each year, WADA publishes a new version of the Prohibited List. The new version is published three months before the entry into force of the list.

The structure of the banned list

The list is in three parts:

1. Substances and methods prohibited in sport at all times (both in-competition and out-of-competition).

S1. Anabolic agents

S2. Hormones and related substances

S3. Beta-2 agonists

S4. Agents with antiestrogenic activity

S5. Diuretics and other masking agents

M1. Enhancement of oxygen transport

M2. Chemical and physical manipulations

M3. Gene doping

2. Substances and methods prohibited only in competitions.

S6. Stimulants

S7. drugs

S8. Cannabinoids (marijuana, hashish)

S9. Glucocorticosteroids

3. Substances prohibited in certain sports

P1. Alcohol

P2. Beta blockers

ALWAYS consult your international federation to know which substances and methods are prohibited in your sport, as certain substances may be added to the third section of the prohibited list. Your doctor should know that you are a high-class athlete who complies with all sports rules. If you are not sure which substances are in a drug, do not use it until you are sure that it does not contain prohibited substances. Ignorance never justifies doping. ALWAYS be careful when taking substances that are allowed out of competition. Their use immediately before the start of the competition may lead to a positive doping control result during the competition.