Sponsored from what word is formed. Methodical manual on the discipline "physical culture" for students by profession cook, confectioner methodical development in physical education on the topic. gymnastics for the profession "Cook, confectioner"

Identify four ways to form these words. Write them down and the word from which they are formed. Physical education, sponsored, non-nuclear, booster, high school student, lunar, cycling, KVN, stove-maker, non-alignment, land, program, starship.

Answers:

Physical training- Physical Culture.(addition). sponsored-chef. (additional-suffixal). non-nuclear-nuclear. (attached). booster-rocket and carrier. (addition). gymnasium-gymnasium - (suffixal). lunar-moon. (adjective suffix). cycling-bicycle racing. (addition). KVN club of cheerful and resourceful. (Addition). non-attachment-attachment (prefix). land-land. (adjective suffix). program-program. (prefixed). starship - fly to the stars. (addition).

What is physical education

Physical education is the education of body culture through physical activity and gymnastics. It develops not only the body, but also the human nervous system. Loads on the body contribute to the normalization of the activity of the mental system. This is especially important for children, because every day they absorb huge flows of information. Sports help the brain relieve tension and restore clarity to the head.

Physical education can be therapeutic and adaptive. helps to restore the human body some of the functions that were damaged during an injury or a serious psychological shock. Adaptive physical education is applicable for people who have developmental disabilities.

Sports in children's lives

Sport occupies a special place in the lives of children and adolescents. It is necessary not only for the harmonious development of the body, but also for creating a sense of discipline. Sports bring up in children such qualities as willpower, perseverance, restraint. These character traits, learned from childhood, will accompany a person throughout his subsequent life.

It has long been proven that people involved in sports activities are much more likely to succeed. This fact is due to three reasons:

1. Health.

Sport improves and strengthens health. People have more strength and energy that are necessary to work in any field.

2. Volitional qualities.

As already mentioned, sport educates a person. It makes him stubborn and attentive.

3. Psychological relaxation.

Physical education is great way Usually people tend to accumulate negative emotions in themselves, while the sports society always knows where to throw out the accumulated emotional burden. This protects mental health, increases stress resistance and productivity in solving conflict situations.

Sport accompanies us at all stages of maturation. In secondary schools, physical education is a compulsory subject. Leads a lesson former athlete or the teacher suggests standards sports achievements that the child must achieve at each stage of his development. In order for him to successfully complete the year, it is necessary to pass the standards qualitatively. Naturally, they are designed only for healthy children. Also, thanks to the standards, you can find out and control the level of development of the child. Children's physical education is designed to develop body culture during training.

If the student has deviations in health, then he may be partially or completely suspended from classes. The venue for physical activities depends on the capabilities of a particular school. In addition to gymnastics, the standard physical education program includes: running, swimming, skiing, long and high jumps, football, basketball, volleyball, acrobatics, aerobics, and active games.

Physical education classes are held in specially equipped classrooms or on sports grounds (during the warm season).

It implies small loads, the purpose of which is not to achieve certain results in sports. Most often, children are engaged in exercise therapy - therapeutic physical culture. Physical education is aimed at maintaining the body in a healthy state, while the load is minimal. They help the child to stretch the muscles, to feel the dynamics of the exercises, but not to spend all the strength of the body.

Exercise therapy is very common among children who have developmental or health problems. For this reason, they cannot play sports together with the main group. Much attention is paid to exercise therapy correct breathing which helps to maintain control over the body. Another goal of exercise therapy is the prevention of diseases and their exacerbations. Exercise therapy is very useful not only for schoolchildren, but also for young children.

The effect of physical activity on the body

It is very difficult to overestimate the impact of physical activity on the human body. The usefulness of physical education for a growing body is invaluable. A young body needs more than just stimulating tissues that are forming very quickly. Physical education is necessary for the child to grow up as a psychologically balanced and whole person.

Physical activity has a complex effect on the entire body. Let us consider in more detail how the human body reacts to moderate loads:

metabolic processes of tissues, tendons and muscles are activated, which is an excellent prevention of rheumatism, arthrosis, arthritis and other degenerative changes in the motor function of the body;
improves cardiovascular and respiratory systems, providing oxygen and nutrients to the entire body;
physical exercises activate the production of hormones, which leads to the stabilization of metabolic processes;
neuroregulatory function of the brain is stimulated.

Summing up, we can say that physical education and sports should be an integral part of the life of any adult and growing person. Go in for sports yourself and instill it in your children. Physical education is the "perpetual motion machine" of life, which makes active, cheerful and full of energy for new achievements.

confectioner", OK 8. Use the means of physical culture to maintain and promote health in the process professional activity and maintaining the required level physical fitness.

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Budgetary institution of vocational education

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra

"Nizhnevartovsk Polytechnic College"

department physical education and life safety

TOOLKIT

FOR THE DISCIPLINE "PHYSICAL EDUCATION"

FOR PROFESSIONAL STUDENTS

COOK, CONFECTIONER

Nizhnevartovsk

2015

Toolkit in the discipline "Physical culture" was developed taking into account the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of secondary vocational education in the profession Cook, confectioner approved by order of December 09, 2016 No.
state educational standard of secondary
professional education by profession 43.01.09 Cook,
confectioner", OK 8. Use the means of physical culture to maintain and improve health in the process of professional activity and maintain the required level of physical fitness.

Compiled by: Head of the Department of Physical Education and Life Safety L.R. Samigullina

Considered at a meeting of the Department of Physical Education and Life Safety,

Head of the Department of Physical Education and Life Safety

L.R. Samigullina

Explanatory note 4 p.
Approximate complex industrial exercises

Gymnastics for cooks and confectioners 6 p.

Physical education minutes and physical culture breaks 7 p.
List of used literature 9 p.

Explanatory note

Gymnastics at practical classes for professional training of cooks and confectioners

Gymnastics contributes to the prevention of diseases caused by specific working conditions in certain professions.

The work of cooks and confectioners in terms of energy costs is classified as III group. It is associated with work in a standing position, with the transfer of weights, with the work of the muscles of the arms and legs, with unfavorable microclimatic conditions (high temperature, high humidity and air pollution) and with work with dangerous mechanisms and apparatus.

In occupations that involve heavy physical activity, gymnastics eliminates the adverse effect that the load has on the same muscle groups, involves previously inactive muscle groups or changes the nature of the activity of the working muscles. Exercises for industrial gymnastics complexes, the time and method of their implementation are chosen taking into account the characteristics of labor, physical development and physical fitness of workers, changes in the functional state of the body during the working day, sanitary and hygienic working conditions.

There are many professions where the load on the neuropsychic sphere is very high and an increased strain of attention, vision, hearing is required, that is, fatigue occurs. nervous system. As a rule, such professions are associated with limited physical activity. Such professions include the profession of a cook and a pastry chef. With a long stay in a standing position and low physical activity, the intensity of metabolism and blood circulation decreases, blood stagnation appears in the pelvic organs, in the legs, the muscles weaken, and posture worsens. People whose profession is associated with low mobility are more likely to suffer from headaches, heart disease vascular system, metabolic disorders, etc. As a result, we are faced with such a concept as "occupational disease". There is a special set of exercises for working while standing.

To maintain efficiency and improve health, I use special industrial gymnastics, which should be carried out periodically during the implementation of practical work, lasting about 5 minutes. under the supervision of an attendant.

We carry out introductory gymnastics before the start of work, and we perform physical culture breaks, physical exercises during breaks and during the class.

Efficiency at the beginning of the day is somewhat reduced, and it takes some time for the body to fully engage in work and enter the usual optimal pace. Physical exercises of introductory gymnastics provide accelerated entry into labor activity, contribute to high and stable performance, preventing early onset of fatigue.

Introductory gymnastics is usually held 10 minutes before the start of practical work. Its duration is 5-7 minutes. For introductory gymnastics, I select a set of special exercise taking into account the nature of production movements, the rhythm and characteristics of the work performed. Remember the callsigns “Get on the exercises!”.

I offer an approximate set of exercises for industrial gymnastics for cooks and confectioners. I periodically replace physical exercises in complexes (about 1 time in 10-14 days) with new ones, similar in effect on the body.

If the work requires most of the workshop to be on your feet, I recommend individual physical culture pauses or physical exercises (2-3 minutes) during short breaks in work in order to reduce fatigue resulting from prolonged standing, forced uncomfortable working posture, strong attention strain, vision .

I set the time for physical culture breaks and physical minutes depending on the schedule of classes - the first half of the day or the second. In the first part practical session a physical culture break should be done after about two hours of work, you can spend it in the second half of the lesson. Gymnastics classes are held directly at the workplace, preferably to the music. The room before the gymnastics is ventilated.

Gymnastics, physical culture pauses can significantly reduce fatigue. When working while standing, the muscles of the back and neck, supporting the head and back in vertical position, experience increased stress - and the blood flow in them under static load, on the contrary, is reduced. At the same time, tense muscles compress the nerve fibers coming out of spinal cord disrupting the conduction of nerve impulses. And as a result, after a while, the hands, neck, and back begin to numb or go numb. If you do not take any measures, then osteochondrosis and other diseases of the spine will not take long.

An exemplary set of industrial gymnastics exercises for cooks and confectioners

(starting position in all exercises, except for the fourth exercise - sitting on a bench or on a chair).

1. Sliding your heels on the floor, stretch your legs forward, right hand turn on

behind the head, left to the side - inhale, relax hands down - exhale, the same in the other direction. Repeat 6-8 times.

2. Legs are stretched forward, arms are in front of the chest, the torso is turned

to the right, arms spread apart, return to their original position, the same to the left side. Repeat 8-10 times, breathing is arbitrary.

3. Sliding on the floor with your heels, stretch your legs forward, raise your arms up and bend. Then they lean forward, touching the floor in front of them with their hands, straightening up, raise their hands up, connect their legs and return to their original position, repeat 6-8 times, breathing is arbitrary.

4. Standing facing the table, they take it with their hands, left leg take back,

then they squat on their toes, straighten up, the same with the other leg, repeat 8-10 times voluntary breathing.

5. Legs stretch forward, hands on the belt. alternately pull and

raise the socks, slightly bending the legs at the knees, then deploy the legs to the right, with the toes touching the floor. The same on the other side. Repeat 10-12 times, breathing is arbitrary.

6. Sitting on a chair, arms are extended along the body, then, bending back,

raise your arms up, legs are also slightly raised, with socks touching the floor.

Leaning forward, make a clap with your hands under an outstretched leg, return to the starting position. The same with the other leg. Repeat 6-8 times, breathing is arbitrary.

7. Sitting on a chair, put your hands on your shoulders, stretch your left leg

forward, return to their original position and take their hands to the sides, then

relax them down, repeat 5-6 times voluntary breathing.

8. Sipping, arms raised above the head, hands clasped “in the lock” – inhale, hands lowered – exhale.

9. The leg is set aside on the toe, hands behind the head - inhale, lowering the hands

and putting a leg - exhale.

10. Arms extended forward, hands relaxed and down. Squatting, hands down - exhale, straightening hands back, rise on toes - inhale.

11. Jumping in place on toes, hands on the belt.

12. Hands to the sides, turns of the torso and head alternately to the right and left.

13. Raising your hands up, bend back - inhale, then lean forward, holding your hands on your belt - exhale.

14. Legs are shoulder-width apart, hands in front of the chest. Alternately taking the right, then the left hand to the side, inhale, lowering the hands - exhale.

Each exercise is repeated 6-12 times.

IMPORTANT!

It is very important in the process of work to observe correct posture. This is ensured by the selection of equipment of certain sizes and heights.
The cook should stand straight, not slouching.
Some operations can be performed by the cook and confectioner sitting on high stools.
Properly organized workplace helps to avoid unnecessary movements and
prevents premature fatigue.

Thus, the performance of a specialist largely depends on the degree of physical fitness.

Physical education and exercise breaks

Physical education minutes and physical culture pauses can significantly reduce fatigue.

fatigue ( physiological state body, resulting from excessive activity and manifested in a decrease in efficiency) can occur during any type of activity - both during mental and physical work. Fatigue is characterized by a decrease in labor productivity, impaired attention, impaired muscle function: a decrease in strength, speed, accuracy, consistency and rhythm of movements.

The speed of fatigue depends on the specifics of labor: it is much faster

occurs when doing work, accompanied by a monotonous posture,

muscle tension, rhythmic movements are less tiring. An important role in the appearance of fatigue is also played by the attitude of a person to the work performed. For many people, during a period of emotional stress, a long

time there are no signs of fatigue and a feeling of fatigue.

Usually, when it is necessary to continue intensive work with the onset of fatigue, a person spends additional strength and energy - the indicators of individual body functions change (for example, during physical labor, breathing and heartbeat become more frequent, increased sweating, etc.). At the same time, work productivity decreases, and signs of fatigue increase.

A tired person works less accurately, making first small, and then serious mistakes.

Insufficient rest or excessive workload for a long time often leads to chronic fatigue, or overwork. Distinguish between mental and mental (spiritual) fatigue.

These professions are now united by inactivity, increased attention, which results in increased nervous and physical stress. An organism designed by nature for physical activity and unsuitable for a long static load, it starts to falter. Diseases such as osteochondrosis and curvature of the spine acquire the status of occupational diseases.

The greatest risk for sedentary work the cervical and thoracic spine are primarily affected - it is on them that the main load falls. The muscles of the back and neck, which support the head and back in a vertical position, experience increased tension - and the blood flow in them during a static load, on the contrary, is reduced. Even worse, tense muscles compress the nerve fibers exiting the spinal cord, disrupting the conduction of nerve impulses. And as a result, after a while, the hands, neck, and back begin to numb or go numb. If you do not take any measures, then osteochondrosis and other diseases of the spine will not take long. We offer you a set of exercises for the spine, which can be done right at the workplace, almost imperceptibly to others. The basic rule is that all exercises should be performed smoothly, in slow pace, without jerks and sudden movements.

It is advisable to perform the complex at least twice a day, repeating each exercise 10-20 times.

Approximate set of exercises

1. "Pendulum". Turn your head clockwise/counterclockwise while trying to keep the tip of your nose still. Repeat the same with the head lowered and held high.

2. Slowly turn your head to the left as far as possible. When you reach the limit, tilt your head back, feeling a stretch in the neck muscles on the opposite side. Return to starting position and repeat on the other side.

3. Lower your head down and try to “wipe” your chin on your chest. Tilt your head back and make a couple of rotational movements.

4. "Chinese idol". Place your elbows on the table and join your hands into a lock. Place your chin on your hands and tilt your head to the left. When you reach the limit, add two or three nods in the direction of head movement. Repeat on the other side.

5. Straighten your spine, like a soldier at attention, leave your hands on the table. Pull your shoulders back, bringing your shoulder blades together as much as possible, and linger in this position for about a second or more.

6. Lower your arms down and relax them. Raise your shoulders as high as you can, feeling tension in your trapezius muscles.

7. "String". Straighten your back, put your hands on the table. Arch your back to the left to the side, then to the right, while the crown of the head should remain motionless. The movements of the spine in this case resemble the movement of a vertical string.

In addition to performing the above set of exercises, do not forget about the proper organization of the workplace.

All of these factors contribute to the rational organization of the labor process and the fight against fatigue.

Bibliography:

1. A.V. Zherebtsov “Physical culture and labor”, Moscow.2011.

2. B.V. Petrovsky “Popular medical encyclopedia”, Moscow.2013.

3. Monica Thiel. "A set of exercises for the spine" Moscow. 2011.

All exercises are performed while standing. Before and at the end of classes, after 4-5 exercises - calm walking, for people who are more physically fit - accelerated walking or running for 1-3 minutes.

Exercise 1. I. p. - brushes are linked "into the castle." At the expense of "one" - stretch, arms up, hands turn outward - inhale. At the expense of "two" - and. p. - exhale. Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 2. I. p. - as in the previous exercise. At the expense of "one" - leg to the side on the toe, hands behind the head - inhale. At the expense of "two" - and. p. - exhale. The same with the other leg. Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 3. I. p. - hands forward. At the expense of "one" - squat, hands on the belt - exhale. At the expense of "two" - and. p. - inhale. Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 4. I. p. - hands on the belt. Jumping in place. Repeat 10-12 times.

Exercise 5. I. p. - arms to the sides. For each count, perform turns to the right and left. Repeat 8-12 times.

Exercise 6. I. p. - the same as in the previous exercise. At the expense of "one" - hands up, bend back - inhale. At the expense of "two" - a round half-tilt forward, hands on the belt - exhale. Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 7. I. p. - legs apart, hands in front of the chest. For each count, alternately take the right, then the left hand to the side. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 10-12 times.

It is advisable to periodically diversify physical exercises in complexes (about once every 10–14 days), replacing them with new ones that are similar in effect on the body. Gymnastics classes are held, if conditions permit, directly at the workplace, preferably to music.

Physical educationminute- the most individualized form of a short-term physical culture pause. The complex consists of 2-3 exercises, the implementation of which takes no more than 2 minutes. There are physical education minutes of general and local effects. The latter are aimed at providing rest for those analyzers or muscle groups in which fatigue is felt. The complex of physical exercises may include self-massage techniques. A variant of physical education of local influence in case of eye fatigue is shown in fig. 17.

Performing eyeball rotations horizontally (Fig. 17, a), vertical (Fig. 17, b) and diagonal (Fig. 17, in, G) trajectories (directions). Each exercise is performed for 15-20 seconds.

Rice. 17. Physical education for tired eyes

Performing a finger massage of acupuncture points (techniques of traditional Chinese massage "jinglo"): pressing on a point at the bridge of the nose (Fig. 18, a); pressure on the points in the temple area (Fig. 18, b); pressure on the points under the eyes (Fig. 18, in); pressure on the points behind the ears (Fig. 18, G). Duration - from 3 to 5 s for each point. Then sit with your eyes closed.

Since fatigue during different periods of work is localized in different parts of the body, it is recommended to carry out 3-5 physical exercises during the shift.

micropause- shortest form active rest, which lasts for 20–30 s. Its goal is to relieve fatigue through a decrease or increase in the excitability of the central nervous system, normalization of cerebral or peripheral circulation, and a decrease in fatigue of individual analyzer systems. In micropauses, dynamic exercises are used (running in place, squats, flexion and extension of the arms at an emphasis, etc.), and more often of a posetonic nature, which consist of five cycles of vigorous contraction and tension of the antagonist muscles - the flexor and extensor muscles of the limbs and torso , head and eye movements, breathing exercises, self-massage techniques, washing, walking around the room, etc.

Rice. 18. Acupuncture points

With prolonged intense mental work, it is recommended to use postural exercises every 30–60 minutes, and dynamic exercises every 2 hours, for example, running in place with deep rhythmic breathing.

The time for holding micropauses and physical training minutes is determined by the worker himself according to (subjective sensations). During the working day, they can be used repeatedly, individually as needed, along with the use of other standard forms of industrial gymnastics.

The complex use of PFC during working hours can significantly reduce physical and mental fatigue and maintain working capacity for a long time.

Shcherbakova Galina Vyacheslavovna
Job title: physical education teacher
Educational institution: GBPOU VO "BTPIT"
Locality: Borisoglebsk, Voronezh region
Material name: methodical development
Topic:"Prevention of occupational diseases by means and methods of physical education"
Publication date: 28.02.2016
Chapter: secondary vocational

Synopsis of a lesson in physical culture on the topic "Prevention of occupational diseases by means and methods of physical education." Case technology. Author: Shcherbakova Galina Vyacheslavovna, teacher of physical education at the Borisoglebsk College of Industrial and Information Technologies. This lesson is carried out in the study of the discipline FK01 "Physical culture". Target audience: third-year students profession "Cook, confectioner" Lesson time - 1 + 1 Case type - training Case type - analytical A modern lesson using the case method allows students to actively develop, activate their knowledge, receive and process a large amount of new information organize your own activities. Gives the ability to express their thoughts and defend their ideas. Purpose: to acquaint students with the "Prevention of occupational diseases by means and methods of physical education", to find out the importance of physical education in the professional activity of "Cook, confectioner". Objectives of the lesson:  to acquaint students with the sets of exercises used for the prevention of occupational diseases of the back;  to teach to analyze and justify your choice of physical exercises for the prevention of occupational diseases;  to use physical culture and health-improving activities to improve health, achieve life and professional goals;  formation and development of information competence;  development of skills of orderly, structured thinking, focused on the ability to work with information;  fostering a culture of exchange of opinions free from aggressive assertiveness;  formation of an understanding that there are situations when self-control is necessary to achieve a positive result, especially in situations of working in a group.
CASE CONTENT

Teacher's task
: tell students about the various causes of the occurrence and development of diseases associated with the professional activities of a cook, confectioner and dwell in more detail on osteochondrosis of the spine.
Task for groups:
students are invited to comprehend and talk about the causes of occupational diseases in this profession, the prevention of spinal diseases by means of physical culture. Based on the proposed sets of exercises, students must choose one set that can be used during industrial gymnastics in order to prevent osteochondrosis. Students need to explain and justify their choice of exercises for the complex.
Objective:
to interest students in physical culture in order to increase the degree of resistance of the organism in relation to the adverse effects of environmental conditions in which labor activity takes place, to promote an increase in its adaptive capabilities, to preserve and strengthen health. 1. A short lecture on the causes of occupational diseases. On the way to professional success, it is impossible not to pay attention to such a problem as the impact of professional activity on the body and human health. With a long stay in a standing position and low physical activity, the intensity of metabolism and blood circulation decreases, blood stagnation appears in the pelvic organs, in the legs, the muscles weaken, and posture worsens. The body, designed by nature for physical activity and unsuitable for a long static load, begins to falter. Diseases such as osteochondrosis and curvature of the spine acquire the status of occupational diseases.
Cook
- an inevitable contender for osteochondrosis of the spine. In an uncomfortable position, he spends most of his working time. The development of the disease is also facilitated by the presence of his body in the same position (often in a standing position), monotonous and physically hard work (weight lifting): frequent excess of the load on the spine, which is permissible in terms of strength and duration, leads to the development of the disease, thereby the endurance of the spine to physical activity is reduced. The intervertebral cartilages, which are under constant load, are deformed and pinch the nerves of the spinal column, thereby causing unbearable pain. The greatest risk in the work of a cook is, first of all, the cervical and thoracic spine - it is on them that the main burden falls. The muscles of the back and neck, which support the head and back in a vertical position, experience increased tension - and the blood flow in them during a static load, on the contrary, is reduced. Even worse, tense muscles compress the nerve fibers exiting the spinal cord, disrupting the conduction of nerve impulses. And as a result, after a while, the hands, neck, and back begin to numb or go numb. If you do not take any measures, then osteochondrosis and other diseases of the spine will not take long. As a result, we are faced with such a concept as “occupational disease”.

Consider step by step what happens with osteochondrosis
. 1. Changes in the spine occur due to its stress state to maintain an upright position. Muscles fail first. They tense up and begin to hurt 2. Weakened muscles are not able to maintain the correct posture - lordosis and kyphosis of the natural curvature of the spine 3. The gap between the vertebrae decreases, and the pressure on the spinal discs, on the contrary, increases. The spinal segment is thus blocked - in this place, the mobility of the spine decreases. This is what happens to the spine with a weak muscular corset
Methodology

compiling

complexes

exercises

various

types

industrial gymnastics and determining their place during the working day.
How to deal with osteochondrosis, how to prevent this insidious disease through exercise? Based on the proposed sets of exercises, students must choose one set that can be used during industrial gymnastics in order to prevent osteochondrosis. Students need to explain several exercises from the complex and justify their choice. The industrial gymnastics methodology includes two components: the methodology for compiling industrial gymnastics complexes and the methodology for their implementation in the working day. Both components are closely related to each other, they determine the effect of training. If a well-designed complex of physical exercises is carried out at the wrong time, then it will bring little benefit, just like a complex compiled without taking into account the basic methodological requirements for various types of industrial gymnastics.
Methods for compiling and conducting complexes in various types of industrial gymnastics have significant differences. If the place of introductory gymnastics is clearly defined - before the start of work, then the time for conducting other types of industrial gymnastics largely depends on the dynamics of a person's working capacity during the working day.
Basic concepts.

Production

gymnastics
- these are complexes of special exercises used during the working day in order to increase general and professional performance, as well as for the purpose of prevention and recovery. The types (forms) of industrial gymnastics are: introductory gymnastics, physical culture pause, physical culture minute, active rest micropause.
introductory

gymnastics
- organized, systematic implementation of specially selected physical exercises before the start of the working day in order to quickly develop the body. A typical introductory gymnastics complex consists of 6-8 exercises that are close to working movements and have a versatile effect on the body. The duration of introductory gymnastics is 5-7 minutes.
Physical culture pause
- performance of physical exercises, compiled taking into account the characteristics of a particular type of labor activity. Physical culture pause allows you to prevent the onset of fatigue and ensure the maintenance of a certain level of performance. The duration of a physical culture pause is no more than 5-10 minutes.
Physical education minute
refers to small forms of active recreation. This is an individual form of a short-term physical culture pause for local impact on a tired muscle group. It consists of 2-3 exercises and is carried out during the working day several times for 1-2 minutes directly at the workplace.
Active rest micropause
- this is the shortest form of industrial gymnastics, lasting only 20-30 seconds. The purpose of micropauses is to relieve general or local fatigue by partially reducing or increasing the excitability of the central nervous system. Micropauses use muscle tension and relaxation, which can be applied repeatedly during the working day. Self-massage techniques are used. The work of cooks and confectioners in terms of energy costs is classified as group III. It is associated with work in a standing position, with the transfer of weights, with the work of the muscles of the arms and legs, with unfavorable microclimatic conditions (high temperature, high humidity and air pollution) and with work with dangerous mechanisms and apparatus. In the case of improper organization of the labor process at a public catering enterprise, all these factors can have adverse and even harmful effects (production hazards) on the working capacity and health of workers. To improve the working conditions of employees of enterprises, it is necessary to: observe the regime of work and rest, harden and train the body, create conditions for microclimatic comfort in production workshops, maintain
proper illumination of workplaces, to organize good living conditions at work Rational organization of the labor process A person's performance during the working day is not constant. It has been proven that it rises at the beginning of the working day, reaches a maximum after an hour and a half of work and stays at this level the longer, the better the work is organized. Then performance decreases and again reaches a maximum after a well-organized lunch break. Fatigue of the body occurs as a result of hard, intense or prolonged work, improper organization of the labor process, uncomfortable working posture, poor organization of rest, which leads to a feeling of fatigue and deterioration of well-being. Given the fluctuations in human performance, it is advisable to carry out all labor-intensive processes in the first half of the day and at the beginning of the afternoon. To reduce fatigue during the day, it is necessary to diversify the types of work, which is completely impossible in catering establishments. Typical scheme of introductory gymnastics. 1. Organizing exercises. 2. Exercises for the muscles of the trunk, arms and legs. 3. Exercises of general impact. 4. Exercises for the muscles of the trunk, arms, legs with swing elements, 5-8. Special exercises. An exemplary set of exercises for industrial gymnastics. For working standing (starting position in all exercises, except for the fourth exercise, sitting on a bench): 1. Sliding with your heels on the floor, stretch your legs forward, put your right hand behind your head, left to the side - inhale, lower your arms relaxed - exhale, the same on the other side. Repeat 6-8 times. 2. The legs are stretched forward, the arms are in front of the chest, the torso is turned to the right, the arms are spread apart, they return to their original position, the same to the left side. Repeat 8-10 times, breathing is arbitrary. 3. Sliding on the floor with your heels, stretch your legs forward, raise your arms up and bend. Then they lean forward, touching the floor in front of them with their hands, straightening up, raise their hands up, connect their legs and return to their original position, repeat 6-8 times, breathing is arbitrary.
4. Standing facing the table, they take it with their hands, take the left leg back, then squat on their toes, straighten up, the same with the other leg, repeat 8-10 times arbitrary breathing. 5. Legs stretch forward, hands on the belt. They alternately pull and raise the socks, slightly bending the legs at the knees, then turn the legs to the right, touching the floor with the toes. The same on the other side. Repeat 10-12 times, breathing is arbitrary. 6. Sitting on a chair, the arms are stretched along the body, then, bending back, they raise their arms up, their legs are also slightly raised, touching the floor with their toes. Leaning forward, make a clap with your hands under an outstretched leg, return to the starting position. The same with the other leg. Repeat 6-8 times, breathing is arbitrary. 7. Sitting on a chair, hands are put to the shoulders, the left leg is pulled forward, returned to its original position and the hands are taken to the sides, then relaxedly lower them down, repeat 5-6 times arbitrary breathing.

Attachment 1

Exemplary exercises for compiling a complex of production

gymnastics for the profession "Cook, confectioner"

Case work
1 stage of the lesson
Preparatory part
When working with this type and type of case, students know the topic of the lesson in advance. It is preliminary proposed to search for information on the topic and get acquainted with it. Work is immediately organized in microgroups (2-4 groups depending on the size of the study group) to find a solution to the problem. The teacher gives explanations on the topic of the lesson, work with the case, shows and explains a set of exercises used to prevent occupational diseases possible in this profession. 2 stage lesson
Main part
Work of students with the use of ICT. Students, substantiating their choice, from the proposed exercises independently compose a complex of industrial gymnastics. At this stage of the lesson, a discussion of the selected sets of exercises is organized, students give an explanation to several exercises from the set, which justify their decision. Each group is given 7-10 minutes (total 30 minutes). Students with a special medical group receive a separate task, they will be offered exercises that they will choose and provide in the slides in the lesson, in evidence-based justification. 30-35 minutes are allotted for the study and explanation of the case materials, discussion and justification. 3 stage lesson

Final part
takes 15 minutes, devoted to summarizing the lesson. The teacher also draws students' attention to other sets of exercises and briefly explains for which diseases or prevention they are used. Summing up the lesson, homework in groups, general task: 1. Independently compose and conduct a set of exercises for industrial gymnastics with a group of students. 2. For students of a special medical group, tasks individually for each. At the next lesson, the teacher conducts a survey, evaluates the work of students, a set of exercises, correct answers to questions, well-formed presentations. Evaluation by the teacher of work in groups, and individually.

Literature
1. Alekseev S.V., Uselko V.R. Labor hygiene. - M: Medicine. 1988. - 576s. 2. Artamonova V.G., Mukhin N.A. Occupational diseases. Textbook. - 4th ed., revised. and additional - M.: Medicine, 2004. - 480s.: ill. 3. Balsevich V.K. Physical culture for everyone and for everyone. - M.: FiS, 1988. - 208s. 4.Bern L. Pain in the back and neck Publisher: Olimp-Business. - M., 2002. - 192s. 5. V.A. Koeva. Occupational safety in public catering establishments”: textbook / – Ed. 2nd, add. and reworked. - Rostov n / D: Phoenix, 2006. - 224 p. 6. V.A. Kabachkov, S.A. Polievsky Professional and applied training of students in secondary vocational schools ": monograph - M .: Higher school, 1982. 7. Secrets of cheerfulness: How to restore efficiency [Text] / A. F. Sinyakov. - M.: LLP "KSP", 1995. - 208s.

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