Static Dynamic Drainage

STATIC BREATHING EXERCISES

1. diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing respiration is carried out mainly due to the work of the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm (to control the patient's hands are located on the anterior abdominal wall)

2. chest breathing - respiration is carried out mainly due to work chest(to control the patient's hands are located on the chest)

3. full breath - breathing is carried out due to the work of the chest and the anterior abdominal wall (diaphragm), for control, one hand of the patient is located on the anterior abdominal wall, the other on the chest.

4. Static breathing exercises with dosed resistance (weight):

Upper chest breathing – with overcoming resistance in the inhalation phase (the methodologist applies pressure with his hands in the subclavian region from both sides)

Lower thoracic breathing - with overcoming resistance in the exhalation phase (the methodologist puts pressure with his hands on the lower costal edge from both sides)

Mid-thoracic breathing - with overcoming resistance in the exhalation phase (the methodologist applies pressure with one hand in the subclavian region with the other on the lower costal edge)

Abdominal breathing - resistance is exerted by laying sandbags weighing 0.5-1 kg on the upper quadrant of the abdomen in the inhalation and exhalation phases to strengthen the abdominal muscles and increase the mobility of the diaphragm.

OBJECTIVES OF BREATHING EXERCISES

1. reduces the frequency

2.increases depth

3. activates the work of the respiratory muscles

4. improve lung ventilation

RULES AND FEATURES OF USE OF BREATHING EXERCISES

1. Breathe through your nose.

2. The slowing down of the black hole leads to a slowdown in the speed of air movement and a decrease in resistance.

3. Increasing frequency of breath increases the speed, resistance and muscle tension.

4. Strengthening exhalation is achieved by tilting the head forward, bringing the shoulders together, lowering the arms, tilting the torso, pulling the legs forward or to the stomach.

INFLUENCE OF BODY POSITIONS ON THE FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS

n Lying on your back - train diaphragmatic breathing;

n Lying on the stomach - train retrothoracic breathing;

n Standing - all types of breathing (the chest moves freely in all directions);

n Sitting (free position) - train lower chest breathing;

n Sitting (straight position) - train upper chest breathing.

DYNAMIC BREATHING EXERCISES -

are carried out with the participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles, a combination of breathing exercises with movements of the arms and legs. Example: while inhaling - spread your arms to the sides, bend back, while exhaling - bring your hands together in front of your chest and lean forward. Exercises are used to increase the volume of the ventilated surface of the lungs.

DRAINAGE BREATHING EXERCISES

Postural drainage - use special provision(the affected area is above the bifurcation) for the outflow of exudate from the bronchi into the trachea, from where sputum is evacuated when coughing. When performing the exercise, the affected area should be located above the bifurcation of the trachea. The starting position is the tilt of the body towards the bifurcation of the trachea, the final position is the tilt from the bifurcation to the mouth.

Methodology:

n Start gymnastics from 5-10 minutes. gradually increasing up to 15-20 minutes, up to 30-40 minutes;

n Finish the procedure by draining a healthy lung;

n First teach deep diaphragmatic breathing (especially inhalation);

n Exhalation is carried out quickly, with the pronunciation of the sounds "he", "khe";

n Forced expiration is combined with vibromassage in the drainage zone;

n Cough movements are made after several deep exhalations.

INITIAL PROVISIONS WHEN PERFORMING DRAINAGE EXERCISES

Upper lobe drainage:

n Starting position sitting, tilt the body in the opposite direction from the localization of the inflammatory process.

Average share of i.p. lying on a healthy side or on the back with a roller placed under the chest and a raised leg end (15-30 °), legs bent at the knees, the arm on the side of the lesion is lowered and hangs from the couch

Lower share:

n i.p. lying on a healthy side with a raised foot end of 40 cm when draining the right lobe and 50 cm when draining the left lobe, one arm is pressed to the chest, and the other is lowered down, the legs are bent at the knees. When turning forward, outflow from the posterior segment is better;

n a good outflow from the lower segments gives the performance of drainage exercises in the knee-elbow position.

Indications for drainage exercises.

n Chronic obstructive bronchitis

n Bronchial asthma

n Pneumonia

n Bronchiectasis

n Lung abscess

n Contraindications to drainage exercises

n Pulmonary bleeding (but not hemoptysis)

n Acute myocardial infarction

n Severe cardiovascular insufficiency

n Lung infarction

n Pulmonary embolism

n Hypertensive crisis

SOUND GYMNASTICS -

special exercises, consisting in the pronunciation of certain sounds and their combinations, while the vibration of the vocal cords is transmitted to the smooth muscles of the bronchi, relaxing them.

Maximum vibration power when pronouncing - P, T, K, F, S

Average strength - B, D, C, Z

The smallest force - M, N, L, R

Methodology:

n The lesson begins with a “cleansing exhalation” - PFF - is pronounced through lips folded into a tube.

n "Cleansing exhalation" is performed before and after each sound exercise.

n The second mandatory exercise - "closed groan" - MMM - is performed while sitting, leaning forward.

n Inhale through the nose (1-2s), pause - 1s, active exhalation through the mouth 2 - 4s with the pronunciation of sounds, then a pause of 4-6s. Exhalation should be 2 times more than inhalation.

n With BA, buzzing, growling, hissing sounds are pronounced loudly, energetically.

n With DN, the same sounds are pronounced softly, quietly.

n Duration of the lesson - start with 5-6 minutes. gradually increasing the time of classes up to 25-30 minutes 2-3 times a day.

Exercise therapy for acute pneumonia

Tasks of exercise therapy:

§ Restoration of ventilation in affected areas

§ Ensuring drainage function

§ Stimulation of blood and lymph circulation in the affected area

§ Prevention of complications

Contraindications:

§ DN 3 degrees

§ Pneumonia abscess

§ Hemoptysis

§ Severe shortness of breath

Motor mode – bed

I.p. lying on your back, on your side and sitting

Static breathing exercises

Dynamic physical exercises for small and medium muscle groups

To improve pulmonary ventilation, dynamic breathing exercises with an extended exhalation are used.

Turns and tilts of the body

The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes

Motor mode – ward

Starting position - sitting on a chair

Static and dynamic breathing exercises

Increasing the amount of muscle exercise shoulder girdle, upper limbs and trunk

Drainage breathing exercises

Static breathing exercises with dosed resistance

The duration of the procedure is 20-25 minutes

Physical activity of a cyclic nature - dosed walking.

To change the type of breathing

1. Diaphragmatic breathing.

I. p .: lying on your back, legs bent at the knees. The right hand is bent at the elbow, lies with the palm on the stomach, the left - on the chest. Inhale: the abdominal wall is extended, the right arm is raised, the left is motionless. Exhale: the stomach is drawn in, while the right hand slightly squeezes the abdominal wall, the left hand is motionless. Inhale - through the nose, exhale - through the mouth, at first the exhalation is calm, and as this type of breathing is mastered, the exhalation intensifies and ends with the maximum tension of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.

2. Thoracic breathing.

I. p .: the same. Inhale: the right hand is motionless, the left one rises up by raising the chest. Exhale: the right hand is motionless, the left goes down. Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth.

3.Full breath.

I. p .: the same. Inhale: simultaneously raise the right and left arms. Exhale: simultaneously lower the right and left arms. Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth. I. p. then change: first sitting, comfortably leaning back in a chair, and then standing; mainly focus on the diaphragmatic type of breathing.

Appendix 3

Special dynamic

Breathing exercises

1. I. p .: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, arms to the sides at shoulder level, maximally laid back, palms turned forward, fingers wide apart. On account 1 - instantly cross your arms in front of your chest, elbows under your chin so that your hands hit your shoulder blades (at the same time a loud powerful exhalation is made). At the expense of 2 - smoothly accept and. n. (calm breath).

2. I. p .: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, bending on toes, arms up, to the sides. On account 1 - dropping onto the foot, leaning forward, bending over, cross the arms across the sides in front of the chest, whip the brushes on the shoulder blades (powerful, loud exhalation of the maximum possible depth). At the expense of 2-3 - in an inclination, the arms are smoothly spread apart and crossed in front of the chest, whipping the brushes on the shoulder blades 2-3 times (with the maximum tension of the muscles of the anterior
abdominal wall to complete the exhalation). At the expense of 4 - and. n. (calm
breath).

3. I. p .: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, on toes, bending over, hands
up back, brushes in the "lock". At the expense of 1 - falling on the foot,
deep bend forward pike, whip forward down backward like
cutting with an ax (loud, powerful exhalation). On account 2 - smoothly
accept and. n. (calm breath).

4. I. p .: standing, feet at the width of the "ski", a slight tilt forward and
squat, right hand forward, hand “squeezes the ski pole”,
the left one is far behind, the hand is open, "a ski pole on a strap."
On account 1 - smoothly, moderately squatting, right hand down back to
thigh, left forward down to the thigh (powerful exhalation, completed
at the moment of bringing the arm to the hips); straightening, left hand forward,
“the hand squeezes the ski pole”, the right hand is far back, the hand opens (calm breath). On account 2 - and. P.

5. I. p .: standing, feet on the width of the foot, on toes, slight inclination
forward, hand in front shoulder-width apart, brushes compress "ski
sticks." On account 2 - sinking onto the foot, half-squat, tilt
forward until the abdominal wall touches the thighs, arms down back, hands
open (powerful loud exhalation). On the count 2-3 - stay
in an inclination, active completion of exhalation by muscle contraction before
her abdominal wall. At the expense of 3-4 - and. n. (calm breath).

6. I. p .: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, slight forward bend, right hand
forward up, squeeze the brush for a “stroke”, left symmetrically behind,
the wrist is relaxed. At the expense of 1-2 - four quick circles with hands,
as when swimming crawl on the chest (powerful exhalation with a contraction
muscles of the anterior abdominal wall). At the expense of 3-4 - two slow
circle (calm breath).

7. I. p .: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, right arm up, hand turned
to the right and compressed for the "stroke", the left is below, relaxed and turned
back. At the expense of 1-3 - three circles with your hands, as when swimming in a crawl on your back, slight turns of the body following the "rowing" hand (powerful, loud exhalation with contraction of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall). At the expense of 4 - one circle with your hands (calm breath).

8. I. p .: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, high on toes, slight inclination
forward, arms forward up, hands clenched for a “stroke”. For each
account - "stroke" (i. p. - hands down back, to the hips, falling on
foot, slight bending of the legs in the joints and an increase in inclination -
powerful exhalation; hands through the sides up forward, the hands are relaxed
Lena) as when swimming butterfly (inhale).

9. I. p .: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, on toes, arms up, hands
turned forward and compressed for a "stroke". Down on the foot, hands
to the sides down to the hips (powerful loud exhalation), rising
on toes, arms forward up, hands relaxed, and. n. (powerful
breath).

10. I. p .: emphasis lying. At the expense of 1 - emphasis crouching (powerful exhalation). On account 2 - and. n. (calm breath). Tempo: both movements in 1-2 seconds.

11. I. p .: left leg in a semi-squat, toe to the left, right forward, on
heel, toe to the right, head raised, arms bent at the elbows, hands
on the belt. On account 1 - jump up and squat, heels together,
socks apart (powerful exhalation). At the expense of 2 - a jump, changing the position of the legs, and. n. (calm breath).

Tempo: both movements in 1-2 seconds.

12. I. p .: standing with the right side at the support, the right leg is laid back,
bent at the knee, foot in the air, right hand holding on to the support
at shoulder height.

For each account - an extremely high swing of the right
leg forward up until the thigh touches the chest and shoulder (powerful
exhalation) and the maximum swing back (calm breath). Tempo: one
count per second. The same with the left foot.

13. I. p .: standing, lunge with the right foot, left straight behind, with the toe outside, on the inner arch, the right arm is bent at the elbow under the straight
angle, at the level of the hypochondrium, tightly pressed to the body, the left hand
hands on the elbow of the right hand. At the expense of 1 - a sharp tilt forward,
pressing the left forearm to the upper third of the right thigh (at the same time - a powerful exhalation). At the expense of 2-7 pressure from top to bottom
continuation of exhalation by contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall. To account
8 - and. n. (inhale with relaxation of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
and their sipping), in this position it is good to cough.

While doing breathing exercises the mouth is wide open, children are usually told: "Show how you bite an apple." Exhalation - loud, sharp, clearly audible.

All breathing exercises end with a contraction of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, while the children are explained: “Make sure that the stomach grows to the back”, especially in those exercises where the exhalation is longer (2, 5, 7, 13).

Inhalation is done through the nose or mouth, depending on the pace of the exercises performed, while the anterior abdominal wall protrudes (“Inflate the watermelon”).

Exhalation should be carried out without a deep breath, since a preliminary deep breath can cause reflex irritation of the receptors of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi and after exhalation, a strong cough.

14. The skill of a full elongated exhalation. Walking at an average pace. Inhale and exhale only through the nose. The pace is average. Exhale - three steps - inhale; four steps - exhale. After 3-4 days, increase the duration of the exhalation by one count (5, 6, etc.), so that after 4-6 weeks the exhalation takes 9-12 steps.

LAB #13

Page 4 of 12

TYPES OF BREATHING EXERCISES

Any physical exercise is directly related to the function of breathing. In a broad sense, any exercise, in which the respiratory function is stimulated, can be considered respiratory gymnastics, including running, skiing, swimming, etc. But in a narrow sense, breathing exercises should be understood as special exercises for the development of respiratory muscles.

Breathing exercises occupy a special position: they improve the function of external respiration and are used for rest (pauses) after exercise. Breathing exercises are best included in the preparatory or final part of a physical education lesson. The breathing exercises themselves are divided into static(when the main respiratory muscles are involved in the act of breathing, and the exercises are performed without moving the arms and shoulder girdle) and dynamic(when additional respiratory muscles are involved in the act of breathing, and exercises are performed with the participation of the arms and muscles of the shoulder girdle).

Static breathing exercises are most often used between gymnastic exercises or as a stage of preparation for dynamic breathing exercises.

Static breathing exercises include exercises with dosed resistance. Various aggravating objects are used as resistance: sandbags from 0.5 to 1 kg; stuffed balls, toys, hand pressure, etc. For example, diaphragmatic breathing with a bag of sand weighing 0.5 kg placed on the area of ​​​​the upper square of the abdomen.

Static breathing exercises include exercises for training breathing at an even rhythmic pace, in conscious control of breathing. Arbitrary slowing of breathing leads to its simultaneous deepening, therefore, when training breathing, it is most rational to regulate the frequency of breathing, and not its depth.

Exercises in the implementation of the main types of breathing:

Upper chest breathing. Starting position (hereinafter I. p.) - lying on your back. On inhalation, the chest rises; on exhalation, it falls down. The hand lying on the stomach controls the immobility of the abdominal wall during breathing. Inhale and exhale through the nose.

Lower chest breathing. I. p. - sitting on a chair or standing. The hands clasp the lower lateral sections of the chest (fingers forward). On inspiration, the lower lateral sections of the chest expand to the sides, on exhalation, the chest descends, returning to its original state, the hands squeeze its lower lateral sections. Inhale and exhale through the nose. To control the completeness of the exhalation, it is more expedient to perform it through the mouth, folding the lips into a tube.

Diaphragmatic breathing. I. p. - lying on your back, legs slightly with bent at the knees (a small roller can be placed under the knees). Rightthe hand rests on the stomach, the left hand on the chest. Inhale: abdominal wallslightly protrudes, the right hand rises, the left is motionlesson the. Exhale: the abdomen is drawn in, while the right hand slightly presseson the abdominal wall, the left one is motionless. Inhale - through the nose, exhale (to control its fullness) - through the mouth, lips are folded in a tube.

When teaching diaphragmatic and upper chest breathing starting position take sitting, comfortably leaning back on the straight back of the chair, legs slightly bent at the knees, feet resting on the floor.

Deep (full) breathing. The process of mastering this type of breathing consists of four stages. Starting position - lying on your back (because with this position of the body, the muscles of the abdominal wall relax better).

Stage 1.The left hand rests with the palm on the stomach in the navel. PraPlace your left hand on your left so that it is comfortable and close your eyes.

Stage 2.Take a slow silent breath in through your nose. Direct the air flow to the lower part of the lungs, closer to the diaphragm (the diaphragm drops, the stomach protrudes).

Now direct the air to the upper part of the lungs (the upper chest expands, the upper ribs move apart). In order for the air to reach the very tops of the lungs, at the end of the inhalation, it is necessary to draw in the lower abdomen.

The total duration of inspiration should be 2 seconds, then as you train, the time can be increased to 2.5 - 3 seconds.

Stage 3.Hold your breath for no more than 2 seconds.

Stage 4.Slowly begin to exhale. Gradually as you exhalethe previously raised abdomen, middle and top part chest. The duration of this stage should not be less than the two previous stages.

This four-step exercise should be repeated 3-5 times in a row. If dizziness occurs, reduce the duration of inspiration or the number of four-stage cycles performed in a row. The exercise is performed daily 10-20 times.

Inhalation begins with filling lower parts lung and accompanyinggiven by protrusion of the abdomen. Then the middle part of the lungs is gradually filled with air, while the lower part of the chest expands. The inhalation ends in the upper lobes, in connection with which the upper part of the chest expands and rises.

Exhalation should be done in the same sequence. First, air is exhaled from the lower parts of the lungs (which is accompanied by retraction of the abdomen - raising the diaphragm), and then from the upper ones (when lowering and narrowing the chest). Inhale and exhale air should be smooth, without jerks; it is better to exhale through the mouth so that would be heard."

Approximate set of breathing exercises to train breathing at an even rhythmic pace:

1. I. p. - standing, legs apart, arms along the body. Inhale through the nose to the count (in the mind) 1,2,3, exhale to the count of 4, 5, 6, 7.
2. I. p. - the same. After a deep breath, exhale the air in jerks, in small portions.
3. After a deep breath, exhale into the water (into a vessel filled with water).doi) through a thin tube about 20 cm long, 0.3-0.4 cm in diameter.
4. Inflating rubber toys (balloons). After a deep breath, exhale (into the chamber) with jerks, small portions of air. After fully expanding the rubber balloon, try to inflate it as much as possible.
5. I.p. - Lying on your back or side. Inhale through a narrow tube about 20 cm long, 0.3-0.4 cm in diameter. Exercise helps to straighten the lung.
6. I. p. - standing, legs apart, hands behind the head. Inhale through the nose on the count (in the mind) 1, 2, exhale - on the count of 3, 4, 5.

After mastering static breathing exercises, you can move on to dynamic breathing exercises, where breathing is combined with various movements, facilitating the implementation of individual phases or the entire respiratory cycle: for example, raising the arms up and bending the torso back contribute to deepening and facilitating inhalation, and when doing squats, fullness and depth of exhalation. This combination facilitates the implementation of the entire respiratory cycle.

Dynamic breathing exercises can also help restore or increase mobility of the ribs and diaphragm.

The correct execution of the breathing exercise requires the consistency of the amplitude and tempo of the gymnastic exercise with depth and rhythm of breathing. It should be remembered that inhalation should correspond greet the straightening of the body, the spread of the arms or their raising and the moment of least effort in the exercise; exhalation - flexion of the body, reduction or lowering of the arms and the moment of greatest effort in the exercise. It has been established that for better ventilation of the tops of the lung, it is advisable to use dynamic breathing exercises with the position of the hands on the waist, when the upper shoulder girdle is free even from the heaviness of the upper limbs. If breathing exercises are performed with the position or movement of the hands at head level, then this has the best effect on improving breathing in the lower lung and diaphragm mobility. When the torso is tilted to the side with fixation or raising of the opposite arm and while inhaling, the most pronounced improvement in breathing is in the lower part of the chest on the side of the raised arm.

Dynamic breathing exercises to improve ventilation of various parts of the lungs and increase mobility of the ribs and diaphragm:

1. . I.p. - standing, legs apart, hands on the belt. On an inhale, bend back, on an exhale, lean forward a little, bringing your shoulders together and lowering your arms. Repeat 5 times.
2. . I. p. - main stance (o.s), hands on the belt. On inspiration, lunge left forward, tilt your head slightly back; right to toe. On the exhale, return to and. p., tilt your head forward a little. Do the same with the right leg. Repeat 5 times.
3. . I.p. - standing, legs apart, arms along the body. On an inhale, arms overhead and lean back slightly. As you exhale, lean forward, touch the floor with your hands. Repeat 3 times.
4. . I. p. - o.s., hands on the belt. On inspiration, turn the torso to the left, arms to the sides. As you exhale, tilt forward and to the left, arms back. On the next breath, straighten up, and turn the torso to the right, arms to the sides; as you exhale, tilt forward and to the right, arms back. On the next breath, straighten up, arms up; exhale calmly - i.p. Repeat 2 times.
5. I.p. - standing, legs apart, arms along the body. Make a little painyour breath. Exhaling slowly, tilt your head forward, bring your shoulders forward, reach your knees with your hands; the gaze is directed downward. On the inhale - tilt back, arms to the sides, look up; on exhalation - return to i. n. Repeat 5 times.
6. I.p. - standing, legs apart, place the hands on the chest so thatfeel the movement of the ribs with them. Make circular movements with your elbows: forward, up, back; then in the opposite direction. Breathing is even, without delay. Repeat 5 times.
7. I.p. - standing legs apart, hands on the belt, thumbs forward,palms are on the back. While inhaling, bend forward, backward, right and left. On the exhale, straighten up. Repeat 3 times each side.
8. . I. p. - the same. Perform circular movements of the pelvis. Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 10 times to the right and left.
9. . I. p. - sitting facing the back of a chair, lean on it with your hands, the back is straight. Take a breath. As you exhale, lean forward, touch with your hands and strongly pull in your stomach. Repeat 6 times.
10. . I. p. - o.s, hands below the back "in the lock." While inhaling - walking on toes, take your hands back, tilt your head back. On the exhale - normal walking, hands down - behind, tilt your head forward. Execute take within 1 minute.
11. . I. p. - standing, legs together, arms along the body. Inhale, shagom left hands to the sides, fingers clenched into fists. Describe a fewsmall circles with your arms back and forth (as long as your breath is enough). On the exhale, return to and. n. Repeat 4-6 times with each leg.
12. . I. p. - standing, legs together, hands behind the head. While inhaling, rising on your toes, bend back. As you exhale, dropping down on the entire foot, arms to the sides, down. Repeat 6 times.

Breathing exercises to relieve psycho-emotional stress

Exercise 1. "Rest."

I.p. - standing, legs apart. Take a breath. As you exhale, lean forward relaxing the neck and shoulders so that the head and arms hang freely towards the floor. Breathe deeply, watch your breath. be in that com position for 1-2 minutes. Then slowly straighten up.

Exercise 2. "Respite".

Usually, in a stressful situation, we begin to hold our breath. Breathing out is one way to relax. Breathe slowly, calmly and deeply for 3 minutes, while you can close your eyes. Enjoy deep, leisurely breathing, imagining that all troubles disappear.

Exercise 3. "Calming breath."

I.p. - sitting or lying down. Slowly take a deep breath through the nose, at the peak of inhalation - hold the breath, then exhale slowly through the nose. Then again inhale, hold the breath, exhale - longer by 1-2 seconds. During the exercise, the expiratory phase increases each time. Taking more time to exhale creates a gentle, calming effect. Below is a digital diagram of the possible implementation of this exercise: the first digit is the duration of inhalation in seconds, the second is exhalation, the duration of the pause - breath holding is in brackets: 4-4 (2); 4-5 (2); 4-6(2); 4-7 (2); 4-8 (2); 4-8 (2); 5-8 (2); 6-8 (3); 7-8 (3); 8-8(4); 7-8 (3); 6-7(3); 5-6 (2); 4-5 (2). The exercise is regulated by counting (out loud or to yourself).

Distinguish general and special breathing exercises. General breathing exercises improve lung ventilation and strengthen the major respiratory muscles. Special breathing exercises are used for lung diseases, paresis and paralysis of the respiratory muscles, but can also be used for preventive purposes.

Drainage breathing exercises are called special exercises that promote the outflow of discharge from the bronchi into the trachea during coughing. Among this type of exercises, static and dynamic exercises. In addition, various starting positions are used in drainage exercises.

Special breathing exercises include sound gymnastics, which operates on the principle vibration massage with training of the respiratory muscles and diaphragm. With the help of sound breathing exercises actively fight against pneumonia, laryngitis and pharyngitis. On exhalation, voiced and voiceless consonants are pronounced loudly.

At the same time, the main condition is to conduct classes on outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

Different sounds give rise to different vibrations, which in turn affect our well-being in different ways.

Sound "AND" makes it vibrate vocal cords, larynx and ears, vibrations arise in the head, harmful vibrations are removed from the body, hearing improves.

• Sound "BUT" makes the chest vibrate and activates the entire sound range in the body, gives a command to all its cells to tune in to work.
• Sound "N" makes the brain vibrate, activates its right half and cures brain diseases, as well as improves intuition and develops creativity.
• Sound "AT" corrects problems in the nervous system.
• Sound "E"- the cleaner of our body, it creates a barrier around a person to protect against energy-informational pollution.
• Sounds "RE" help relieve stress, fears of stuttering.
• Sounds "TE" strengthen the cardiovascular system.
• Sound "AND"- active sound, with the help of which diseases of the brain, eyes and ears are treated.
• Sound "O"- “heart sound”: when it is pronounced, a vibe occurschest walkie-talkie, as a result of which these organs are healed.
• Sound "U" has a beneficial effect on the entire body, especially on the organs located in the lower abdomen.
• Sound "E" treats the throat and strengthens the cardiovascular system.
• "I"- a sound that harmonizes the work of the whole organism, especially neuropsychic processes, relieving pain.
• Sound "M"- has a positive effect on the body as a whole, redistributing the energy used in the process of life, and restoring the work of all organs and systems.
• Sound « X» - a cleansing sound, increases the energy of the body, relieves the feeling of mental heaviness.
• "H"- cures insomnia, relieves emotional distress.

While doing sound gymnastics it is necessary to pay special attention to breathing: inhalation through the nose - pause, active exhalation through the mouth - pause. The exhalation should be twice as long as the inhalation.

Approximate complex of sound breathing exercises, for the prevention of diseases of the upper respiratory tract

1. Stroke the nose (its lateral parts) from the tip to the bridge of the nose - inhale, while exhaling tap on the nostrils 5-6 times.
2. Inhale the left nostril, the right nostril is closed, exhale the right one (while the left one is closed).
3. Make 8-10 breaths and exhalations through the left and right nostrils, in turn closing the resting nostril with the index finger.
4. Breathe in through your nose. As you exhale, draw out the sounds "M-M-M-M" while simultaneously tapping the wings of the nose with your finger.
5. Close the right nostril and pull "G-M-M-M", exhaling the same, close the left nostril.
6. Vigorously pronounce "T-D". Exercise serves to strengthen the muscles of the tongue.
7. Vigorously pronounce "P-B". The pronunciation of these sounds strengthens the muscles of the lips.
8. Stick out tongue, pronounce vigorously "K-G", "N-G". The muscles of the pharynx are strengthened.
9. Yawn and stretch a few times. Yawning stimulates brain activity and relieves stress.

Breathing gymnastics as a form of organization of physical recreationfood is rarely used. More widely its application respiratornaya gymnastics finds in medical physical education, in the rehabilitation of people with deviations in the state of health, especiallyin diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Approximate complex of respiratory gymnastics for diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems

1. . I.p. -o.s. Alternate tension of the muscles of the arms and legs, followed by their relaxation (2-3 times). Breathing is arbitrary.
2. I.p. - Sitting on a chair. Inhale - arms bent to the sides. Hands on your knees - exhale (3-4 times).
3. I.p. – o.s. Rolling feet from heel to toe, while squeezing the hand into a fist (12-15 times). Breathing is arbitrary.
4. I.p. - Lying on your back. Sliding feet on the floor with the movement of the hands, as when walking (15-17 times). Breathing is arbitrary.
5. . I.p. - too. Right hand to the side - inhale. Swing forward with the left hand, touch the toe with the right hand - exhale. Left hand to the side - inhale. Swing forward with the right hand, touch the toe with the left hand - exhale (6-8 times).
6. . I. p. - sitting on the edge of a chair, hands in the "lock". Hands up, bendsya (inhale), i.p. - exhale (6-7 times).
7. I. p. - the same as in exercise 7, but lean on the si with your hands chair denier, legs straighten forward. Alternating straight lines feet up - down (6-8 times). Breathing is arbitrary.
8. . I.p. – o.s. Hands to the sides - inhale, sp. - exhale (2-3 times).
9. . I.p. – o.s. Hands to the sides - inhale, bending the right one, pull it to the body - exhale. Also spruce legs. (8-10 times).
10. I. p. - sitting on the edge of a chair, hands on his knees. Hands up - inhale,tilt forward - exhale (3-4 times).
11. . I. p. - sitting on the edge of a chair, lean against its back, arms and legs to the sides - inhale. Sit straight, bend your legs - exhale (4-6 times).
12. . I. p. - sitting on a chair, leaning against the back. Tilts to the sideus, trying to touch the floor with your hand (4-5 times). Breathing is arbitrary.
13. . I. p. - sitting on the edge of the chair, hands on the belt. Circular movements of the legs on the floor, changing the direction of movement (8-10 times).
14. . I. p. - sitting on a chair, leaning against the back, hands on the belt, the back is relaxed, round, the head is lowered. Hands to the sides, bend over moving away from the back of the chair - inhale, return to and. p. - exhale (3-4 times).
15. . I. p. - sitting, legs apart, hands on knees. Calm breathing (1 min).

A set of special breathing exercises for bronchial asthma

1. . I. p. - standing. Leaning on the table with your hands - inhale. Bend your elbows and tilt your torso with your head down, making a sound "Sh-Sh-Sh" or "Sch-Sch-Sch"(hissing) - exhale, return to sp. - breath. Repeat 2-4 times. The pace is slow.
2. . I. p. - the same. Raise your shoulders - inhale, lower, making a sound "U-U-U"(grunt) exhale. Repeat 2-4 times. The pace is slow.
3. I. p. -too. take away right hand to the side - inhale, return to and. p. - exhale with sound "J-J-J" or "3-3-3"(buzz). The same with the left hand. Repeat 2-4 times. The pace is slow.
4. I. p. - the same. Inhale. Bend your elbows in three steps with stops, pronouncing "FU FU FU" and lowering the chest almost to the table, as you exhale, quickly return to and. p. - inhale. Repeat 2-4 times. The pace is average.
5. I. p. - too. Inhale. Without bending your arms, sit down a little by bending your hip joints - exhale with a sound "S-S-S"(whistling), return to ip - inhale. Repeat 2-4 times. The pace is slow.
6. I. p. - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, hands below "in the lock." Raise your hands up - inhale, lower between your legs, saying "UH"
7. I. p. - the same. Hands to the sides at shoulder level - inhale. Bend your arms and wrap them around yourself with a sound "I-I-I"- exhale, return to and. p. - inhale. Repeat 2-4 times. The pace is average.
8. I. p. - the same. Hands through the sides up - inhale. Bend over relaxed, "throw" your hands down, pronouncing "OH"- exhale. Repeat 2-4 times. The pace is average.
9. I. p. -too. Hands lie on the back of the chair. Inhale. At the same time, take both elbows to the sides and sit down with a jerk - exhale, saying "OH",

One side, physical exercise are considered one of the factors provoking bouts of bronchospasm (bronchial asthma). However, on the other hand, according to the literature, training under optimal conditions (temperature and humidity), on the contrary, reduces the frequency and severity of seizures. This load should be present in all patients bronchial asthma.

Gymnastic exercises can help a patient with bronchial asthma cope with the first signs of an asthma attack and learn how to dose physical exercises to maintain muscle activity without harming their health.

Therapeutic exercise contributes to:

• restoration of the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex, the extinction of pathological reflexes and the restoration of the normal stereotype of the regulation of the respiratory apparatus;
• reduction of bronchospasm and bronchioles; improvement of lung ventilation;
• activation of trophic processes in tissues;
• teaching the patient to control his respiratory apparatus during an asthmatic attack in order to alleviate it;
• learning to exhale.

The main exercises used in therapeutic exercises:

• breathing exercises with extended exhalation;
• diaphragmatic breathing;
• breathing exercises with the pronunciation of vowels and consonants, contributing to a reflex decrease in bronchospasm;
• exercises to relax the muscles of the belt of the upper limbs;
• exercises to strengthen the abdominal muscles (external and internal oblique abdominal muscles, rectus abdominis), which improve exhalation;
• massage of the face, chest and muscles of the forearm.

Breathing exercises- one of the necessary methods for the treatment of bronchial asthma, aimed at increasing the functionality of the respiratory apparatus by restoring more free, economical breathing. With prolonged airway obstruction, increased tension of all respiratory muscles develops, as a result, tension of all skeletal muscles may develop. The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle, providing 60-90% of the tidal volume at rest.

The treatment of fatigue and tension of the respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm, is important along with medications that have an effect on the state of the respiratory muscles. Various workouts are widely used to ensure the normal mode of muscle work. Therapeutic exercise aimed at reducing muscle tone and improvement of bronchial patency, gives the best effect in bronchial obstruction. Patients with bronchial asthma are characterized by an unfavorable ratio of inhalation and exhalation phases, a tense and shortened inhalation is replaced by an elongated and weakened exhalation. It is necessary to distinguish between variants of respiratory gymnastics, in which the main attention is paid to the ability to turn on the corresponding respiratory muscles during inhalation, exhalation, and holding the breath.

The most simple, but very important exercise is breathing training by creating positive pressure at the end of expiration (breathing exercises with extended exhalation). These exercises are indicated during all periods of the disease (with exacerbation and remission), because. they improve the mechanical properties of the lungs and normalize gas exchange. It is very easy to do these exercises. You can use non-corrugated hoses of various lengths (for example, cocktail straws) through which the patient breathes, and create a water seal installation (a jar filled with water). After a sufficiently deep breath, you should exhale as slowly as possible through a hose into a jar filled with water. It is advisable to repeat these exercises 4-5 times a day for 10-15 minutes. If you have a Lukevich's whistle, then it can also be used to perform this group of exercises.

A set of breathing exercises to improve lung ventilation

A complex of therapeutic breathing exercises will improve ventilation of the lungs. Performed standing or sitting. Throughout the procedure, you can perform all seven physical exercises or some of them.

In patients with bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis necessarily there are violations of the drainage of the respiratory tract, manifested by an increased formation of sputum, a change in its rheological properties and a violation of the mechanical cleaning of the lungs. To improve the drainage function of the lungs, special drainage positions and exercises with forced extended exhalation and the so-called diaphragmatic breathing are used. It is known that with the development of an asthma attack in patients, thick, viscous sputum is secreted into the lumen of the bronchi, densely settling on the walls of the bronchi. The resulting cough for its removal, as a rule, is unsuccessful. With the help of diaphragmatic breathing and a dull cough at the end of the exercise, effective bronchial drainage can be promoted. On the contrary, if the patient is not helped to master drainage exercises, then the resulting unproductive cough will cause a reflex spread of suffocation.

Methodology of basic static and dynamic breathing exercises (Tolkachev B.S., 1984).

Static breathing exercises:

• Diaphragmatic breathing. Starting position (I.p.): lying on your back. At the expense of 1-3, a powerful, long, maximum depth exhale with the force of the abdominal muscles (the stomach is strongly drawn in), at the expense of 4 - a diaphragmatic breath, protruding the stomach to the maximum. Then deafly, with an instant contraction of the abdominal muscles, cough. This exercise can be done sitting, lying down, standing and without coughing. We teach our patients diaphragmatic breathing while running and walking. The combination of running and walking with diaphragmatic breathing is very important for proper bronchial drainage. Diaphragmatic breathing is also indicated to be carried out after other breathing exercises.
• Pushup lying down: On the count of times - pull the hips tightly to the chest, clasping the shins with your hands, at the same time start a powerful exhalation, complete it at the limit, then return to the starting position diaphragmatic inspiration, protruding the stomach as much as possible, cough deafly with the force of the abdominal press. Push-ups are also performed while standing.

Special dynamic breathing exercises:

• I. p. - standing shoulder-width apart, arms to the sides at shoulder level, maximally laid back, palms turned forward, fingers wide apart. On account 1 - instantly cross your arms in front of your chest, elbows under your chin so that - your hands hit your shoulder blades with a simultaneous loud and powerful exhalation.
• I. p. - standing on toes; bending over, feet shoulder-width apart, arms up to the sides. On account 1 - sinking to the feet, leaning forward, rounding the back, cross the arms across the sides in front of the chest, it hurts to whip the brushes on the shoulder blades (loud powerful exhalation). Then spread your arms to the sides and cross again in front of your chest, lash the shovels 2-3 times with your hands, continuing to exhale, return to the starting position with a diaphragmatic breath.
• I. p. - standing on toes, bending over, legs shoulder-width apart, arms up - fingers intertwined back (as if holding an ax). On the count of times - sinking to the feet, a quick lean forward, rounding the back, whipping the hands forward-down-back, like chopping with an ax (loud powerful exhalation). On account 2 - smoothly return to the starting position.
• I. p. - standing on toes, slightly bending forward, legs at the width of the "ski", arms forward, hands "squeeze ski poles." On account 1, sinking to the feet, crouch and lean forward until the stomach touches the hips, arms down and back to failure, half open the hands (powerful exhalation), on the account 2-3 - remaining in the slope, spring the legs and complete the exhalation, return back to the starting position with a diaphragmatic breath.
• I. p. - standing on toes, feet shoulder-width apart, arms raised up with palms outward, hands clenched as if for a "stroke", for each count, dropping to the feet, hands back - to the sides - down to the hips (powerful exhalation) ; rising on toes, return to the starting position, inflating the stomach with a diaphragmatic breath. Special static and dynamic exercises should be carried out daily up to 2-4 times for 15-20 minutes.

Recommended complexes gymnastic exercises with bronchial asthma.

Exercises should be as simple and easy to do as possible. Between breathing exercises with the pronunciation of sounds, it is necessary to include a pause, which helps to relax and relax the muscles. The dosage of exercises is 4-12, the pace is slow and medium.

The first set of exercises:

1. Sitting on a chair, flex and extend the arms in the elbow joints 4-6 times. The pace is average.
2. Sitting on a chair, carry out flexion and extension of the feet while simultaneously bending the fingers into a fist 6-8 times. The pace is average.
3. Standing, with hands resting on a table or headboard, carry out a breathing exercise with the pronunciation of Zh 4-6 times. The pace is slow, the exhalation is elongated.
4. Standing, feet shoulder-width apart, hands on the back of the head. To carry out torso to the sides 4-6 times. When tilting, exhale, the pace is medium.
5. Standing, feet shoulder-width apart, arms lowered. Take your hands to the sides (inhale), followed by squeezing the chest in its lower part (exhale) 4-6 times. The pace is slow, the exhalation is elongated. * Standing, in the hands of the ball Raise your hands up with the ball - inhale, lower down - exhale 4-6 times The pace is slow, exhale is elongated.
6. Standing, right hand on chest, left hand on stomach. Diaphragmatic breathing 4-6 times. On inspiration, the abdominal wall rises; on exhalation, it falls.
7. Standing, in the hands of a stuffed ball. Passing the ball to a partner from the chest 6-8 times. Performed on the exhale.
8. Standing, take your hands to the sides at an angle of 45 degrees - inhale, lower down - exhale, 4-6 times. Relax the muscles of the girdle of the upper limbs and chest as much as possible.
9. standing. Walking normal 1 min. Breathing is free.
10. Sitting on a chair, hands to the shoulders. uplift bent arms to the sides (inhale) followed by a gradual compression of the chest (exhale) 4-8 times. Relax the muscles of the girdle of the upper limbs as much as possible.
11. Sitting on a chair, carry out flexion and extension of the feet while simultaneously bending the fingers into a fist 6-8 times. Breathing is free.

The second set of exercises:

1. Sitting on a chair, flex and extend the arms in the elbow joints 4-6 times. The pace is average.
2. Flexion and extension of the feet with simultaneous bending of the fingers into a fist 6-8 times. The pace is average.
3. Standing, 1 - arms to the sides - inhale, 2-3 - relax the belt of the upper limbs, lower your arms and head - exhale. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is slow.
4. Standing at the gymnastic wall, hands on the rail at chest level. Hand to the side - back with the rotation of the body - inhale, start position, exhale. Repeat 8-10 times in each direction. The pace is average.
5. Same. Full breath 4-5 times. The diaphragm and chest are involved in the act of breathing.
6. Standing sideways to the gymnastic wall: 1-arm with an arc through the side up - inhale, 2-3- tilt to the side - exhale. Repeat 6-8 times in each direction The pace is slow.
7. Standing with your back to the gymnastic wall, hands on the rail at waist level 1-2-bend, head back - inhale, 3-4- exhale. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is average.
8. Standing, in the hands of a volleyball. Throws the ball from the chest 8-10 times. Throw the ball on the exhale.
9. Same. Throws the ball with one hand from the shoulder 6-8 times with each hand. Throws to do on the exhale alternately with each hand.
10. Same. Throwing the ball from behind the head 8-10 times. Throws to do on the exhale. Main stance: arms to the sides - down, elbows back - inhale, lower your arms and head, shake your arms - exhale 4-6 times. As you exhale, relax the belt of the upper limbs.
11. Standing, legs apart, hands in front of the chest 1-hands to the sides with a turn of the torso - inhale, 2-ip. - exhale 6-8 times Move alternately in each direction.
12. Standing, hands on shoulders. 1-2-right hand and left leg to the sides - inhale, 3-4 - exhale, 6-8 times in each direction. The pace is average.
13. standing. walking on slow pace 1-2 min. Breathing is free.
14. Standing, legs apart, hands on the belt 1-2 - elbows back, bend over - inhale, 3-4-5-6- elbows forward, lower your head - exhale. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is slow. As you exhale, relax the belt of the upper limbs.
15. Standing, right hand on chest, left hand on stomach. Full breath 4-6 times. As you exhale, retract the abdominal wall.

Contraindications for exercise in bronchial asthma.

• Any overload is contraindicated.
• Exercises should be stopped if the first signs of an asthma attack are noticed: uneven breathing, spasm, cough.
• Intense running, performing exercises without a break to establish calm breathing are not allowed. Since an allergy to dust has been identified, in the room where the session is held physiotherapy exercises, wet cleaning and ventilation should be carried out in advance.
• It is contraindicated to practice outdoors in adverse weather conditions (too cold weather, rain, wind), as any hypothermia can cause an asthma attack.

Dynamic breathing exercises are called such exercises in which breathing is carried out with the participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles, with the movement of the limbs and torso.

Types of dynamic breathing exercises:

• making breathing easier
• improve ventilation of individual parts of the lung

Facilitating breathing: inhalation is facilitated by spreading the upper limbs to the sides, lifting them up behind the head, and extending the torso. All these movements contribute to the expansion of the chest, lowering the diaphragm.

Breathing exercises that increase the inhalation.

I. p. - lying on your back:

a) inhale - raise your hand, exhale - lower it;

b) inhale - spread your arms to the sides, exhale - cross your arms over your chest;

c) inhale - press with brushes on side surfaces chest.

I. p. - sitting on a chair:

d) inhale - take your hands to the side;

e) inhale - spread your arms with dumbbells (up to 2 kg) to the sides.

I. p. - standing:

f) inhale - raise your arms up with the maximum bending of the body back;

g) the same, with the ball in hand;

h) the same, with a gymnastic stick in their hands;

i) inhale - raise gymnastic stick up with a turn of the body to the side, exhale - tilt the body forward.

Exhalation is facilitated by bringing the arms to the body, crossing them on the chest, bending the torso, pulling up bent legs to the stomach, because these exercises reduce the volume of the chest and raise the diaphragm.

Breathing exercises that increase exhalation.

I. p. - lying on your back: a) from and. n. lying on your back, sit down and lean forward as you exhale (light version: from ip sitting on the floor, lean forward as you exhale);

I. p. - sitting on a chair:

c) as you exhale, alternately pull your legs to your chest;

d) legs are widely spaced, while exhaling, alternately bend over to the right, then to the left leg, trying to reach the tips of the toes with your hands;

e) the legs are extended, in the hands of a dumbbell weighing no more than 2 kg, while exhaling, the maximum inclinations of the torso forward.

I. p. - standing:

f) legs wider than shoulders, on exhalation, the maximum torso forward;

g) the same, with the ball in hand;

h) legs together, while exhaling, alternately pull the legs to the chest;

i) while exhaling, sit down, clasping your knees with your hands;

j) while exhaling, squeeze the lower and middle sections of the lateral surface of the chest with your hands with the torso tilted forward.

Exercises that improve ventilation of individual parts of the lung

Upper divisions lung is better ventilated in ref. p. "hands on the belt", because at the same time, the upper aperture of the chest is partially released from the shoulder girdle and deploys better on inspiration.

The lower sections of the lung - raising the arms up while inhaling, because. at the same time, the lower aperture expands and the diaphragm flattens due to the contraction of its own muscles and stretching of the ribs.

Right lung - tilt the body on inspiration to the left with the right hand raised up.

Left lung - tilt the body on inspiration to the right with the left hand raised up.

Anti-adhesion DU contribute to the resorption of exudate in the pleural cavity, lead to rupture of fibrous filaments, stretching of adhesions. It is necessary to combine inhalation with raising the arms up, turning, tilting the torso, i.e. those movements that contribute to the maximum straightening of the sinuses, where the exudate lingers the longest.

Drainage control is called exercises that promote the outflow of discharge from the bronchi into the trachea, from where sputum is evacuated during coughing. When performing drainage DU, the body is given special positions (“drainage by body position”, “postural drainage”), in which the zone of lung injury is above the tracheal bifurcation. Reaching (because of its severity) the bifurcation of the trachea, where the sensitivity of the potassium reflex is expressed involuntary cough, accompanied by its removal.

For drainage of the lower lobes of both lungs, deep diaphragmatic breathing is used in the supine position or on the stomach on an inclined plane (special couch) at an angle of 30-40 ° upside down. In order for the patient not to slide off the couch, emphasis should be placed under the shoulders. To increase pressure on the abdominal organs

cavity in order to squeeze out sputum on the upper abdominal wall, you can put a bag of sand (salt) weighing 1-3 kg (bag length 30-40 cm, width 15-18 cm) or use an elastic belt. Rhythmic phases of breathing with hands pressing on the lower parts of the chest, which helps to perform adequate drainage, can be carried out by the patient himself or by the exercise therapy methodologist. Of the physical exercises, the most effective for drainage are those that are associated with muscle tension in the anterior and lateral abdominal walls: bending the legs at the knees and hip joints with pressure on the stomach, "scissors", "crawl" - with two legs, "bike", etc.

For drainage of the middle lobe of the right lung, a reclining position on the left side with the head down, slightly leaning back is recommended; the ideal position is on the back, with the legs pressed to the chest and the head thrown back.

The upper lobes of both lungs drain when performing circular motions arms bent at the elbows. Good in sitting or standing position.

A necessary condition for sputum separation in postural drainage procedures (in addition to a special body position) is an elongated forced exhalation, which is needed to create a powerful air flow that can carry bronchial secretions with it.

The time of the postural drainage procedure is at least 20-30 minutes.