Content

The development of fine motor skills for children is very important - after all, those areas of the brain that are responsible for the movements of the fingers are closely connected with the speech centers. Therefore, developing fine motor skills with a baby, you, first of all, develop his speech, train his memory, and also accustom his hands to more painstaking work - writing, self-fastening buttons, and so on.

Until the child goes to school, his development mainly takes place with the help of a playful form. Below we present a few the best exercises for the development of children's fingers and speech.

Exercises

So, the exercises are carried out with the help of improvised objects and products. We present the following exercises.

With clothespins

The rules are simple - the kid's task is to decorate with clothespins a cardboard figurine of an animal, or any other object. First, the clothespins are put on in their places, and then removed by the child. Make sure that the baby does not rip them off, but takes them off by pressing his fingers. Further, the lesson can be complicated by inviting the baby to sort certain colors on a multi-colored circle.

Grain sorting

Of course, such an activity is quite tedious for a child. Therefore, we will use game form. For example, offer to sort beans and buckwheat to feed a chicken and a rooster. Another option is to line up images of a rooster, a hen, and a chick. We put beans in the basket for the first one, peas for the second, and the smallest grain of buckwheat for the chicken.

Another exercise with croup. We put 2 bowls in front of the baby. In one of them we pour buckwheat or other cereals. We give the child a plastic spoon and let him pour the contents into an empty bowl. In general, exercising with cereals is good in the kitchen. For example, mom needs to cook dinner, and the baby distracts her. We give him a bowl with any grains and continue to cook calmly. Only the baby must be in sight.

With the use of cereals, you can play the game Bags. To do this, we put beans, buckwheat, millet and rice into woven bags. We sew or tie them. We give the child to feel and guess which cereal is where. This activity is suitable for children from 3 years old.

To interest the baby, we take a plastic bottle from yogurt and cut a hole. Glue the image of a bird next to it. Invite your child to feed the bird through the hole. All kids will love it!

Drawing with cotton swabs

You have probably noticed that most children do not pick up a pen or pencil correctly. To teach them how to do it right, let your child draw with a cotton swab. As a rule, children take it correctly. Now give the task to put dots on the dress of the drawn princess or on any other drawing. Gradually, the hand will train.

As an option - ask to anoint the sores of the painted elephant with brilliant green.

Or start a game exercise - cure a tooth. Draw caries on the drawn tooth with a pencil. From above, drip glue on these places. Invite your child to stick pieces of cotton wool with a cotton swab.

Drawing on semolina

Pour a layer of cereal on a flat plate. Now invite your child to draw the sun, rain, clouds and others. Performing such a task, the child massages the fingers. A similar task is to carry out excavations in buckwheat. Pour the cereal into a bowl and bury a few small toys in it. Ask your child to find them.

On a dark sheet of paper, draw a snowflake with PVA glue. Now the baby can take the semolina and sprinkle the outlines of the pattern. As soon as the glue dries, shake off the remnants of the semolina - the masterpiece is ready! You can draw not only a snowflake, but also any other ornaments.

Modeling from soft plasticine

Perhaps the most favorite pastime for kids. It is also very useful! The child can roll sausages, make balls. Smearing plasticine on a sheet of paper is also very useful. Example - draw a mitten. The child smears plasticine within the contour. Then ask him to decorate the mitten with beans, millet, curly pasta and other products.

Let's make a simple figure. We sculpt a hedgehog from plasticine - a ball. Then the baby should stick matches into it, imitating needles. In principle, any, even a non-existent animal, can be made this way. Let the child show imagination.

From improvised materials

Pour water into a deep bowl and put a lot of medium-sized items in it. Let the child catch them one by one.

Dropping small items into openings. For example, beans. To interest the baby, we take a plastic bottle from yogurt and cut a hole. Glue the image of a bird next to it. Invite your child to feed the bird through the hole. The kids will love this exercise!

On paper, draw the outline of an animal or flower. Lubricate with PVA glue. Ask your child to tear the colorful napkins into small pieces. They then need to be glued to paper in a chaotic manner. So you can also do the sea, forest or clouds.

On a walk, feed the birds more often with old bread, millet. The kids love this activity! By the way, you can feed the bird at home, if suddenly you could not go outside. To do this, draw a bird on a large sheet of paper. We give the child cereal and ask him to feed, for example, a chicken. The baby will sprinkle grains on a sheet of paper. As soon as the bird is full, it will definitely say thank you and fly away.

Execution rules

To make it comfortable for the child and parents to study, you need to adhere to several rules:

1. Organize your child workplace- small table and chair
2. Be sure to start the exercises when the child has good mood. Otherwise, developmental exercises will be associated with negative emotions.
3. Teach your child to order - for this, at the end of the exercises, collect all the objects together and put them away. Keep a separate folder for children's drawings and crafts.
4. Do not leave a child unattended! Especially dangerous in this regard are small objects that the baby can stuff into the nose or mouth.
5. Turn on funny children's songs so that the exercises take place in a positive way.
6. If the child does not want to play, do not insist. Suggest doing it later.

Methodical development "Development of fine motor skills of the hand"

Author: Drankova Elena Alexandrovna, teacher of additional education
Place of work: MAU DO "TsDOD "Raduga" city of Perm

Methodical development "Development of fine motor skills of the hand" for children 7-8 years old

Purpose: creation methodological manual on the development of fine motor skills of the hand for younger students.
This development is necessary for teachers, parents for gymnastics for fingers. It contains short description different types finger games and exercises to develop fine motor skills of the hand.

annotation
In the general system of comprehensive development of a person, the upbringing of a child occupies an important place. Beginning with preschool age, the foundations of health, physical and mental development, motor and labor skills are formed, speech and motor skills of the hand develop.
In elementary school, a child must have some manual skills, but not all children have well-developed fine hand movements.
A teacher often faces a problem: how to develop hand motor skills? Therefore, I have selected and tested on children of primary school age a set of exercises and finger games. All these games help to make the most efficient use of class time, and make children want to effectively engage in manual labor and drawing.
It should be noted that the proposed methodological development finger games belong to health-saving technologies included in the list of modern educational technologies. finger games and exercises for the development of motor skills help to increase the functional activity of the brain, stimulate speech, have a positive effect on the mental development of children, relieve mental stress and help with manual labor. It is very valuable that finger games contribute to the education of positive character traits in elementary school students: speed of reaction, sleight of hand, attentiveness, imagination, diligence. As a result of the exercises, the hands and fingers will gain strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate the mastery of writing and manual skills.

Introduction
Fine motor skills are the ability to perform small movements with fingers and hands through the coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems. Fine motor skills begin to develop from infancy. naturally. With age, motor skills become more varied and complex. The proportion of actions that require coordinated movements of both hands is increasing.
Why is it so important to develop fine motor skills in a child's hands? The motor centers of speech in the cerebral cortex are located next to the motor centers of the fingers, therefore, by developing speech and stimulating the motor skills of the fingers, we transmit impulses to the speech centers, which activates speech, the overall development of the child and affects his intellectual abilities. Science has proven that one of the indicators of the normal physical and neuropsychic development of a child is the development of the hand, manual skills, or, as they say, fine motor skills.
Fine motor skills are a type of movement that involves small muscles. Classes for the development of fine motor skills of the hand are developing, health-saving and healing.
The influence of manual (manual) actions on the development of the human brain was known as early as the 2nd century BC in China. Experts argued that games with the participation of hands and fingers lead to a harmonious relationship between body and mind, maintain brain systems in excellent condition.
Scientists - neurobiologists and psychologists involved in research of the brain and mental development of children have long proved the connection between hand motor skills and speech development.
Japanese doctor Namikoshi Tokujiro created a healing technique for influencing the hands. He argued that the fingers are endowed with a large number of receptors that send impulses to the central nervous system person.
Oriental doctors have established that massage thumb increases the functional activity of the brain, massage of the index finger has a positive effect on the state of the stomach, the middle finger on the intestines, the ring finger on the liver and kidneys, and the little finger on the heart.
In Japan, palm and finger exercises with walnuts are widely used. An excellent healing and tonic effect is exerted by rolling a hexagonal pencil between the palms.
In China, palm exercises with stone and metal balls. The popularity of classes is explained by their healing and tonic effect on the body. Regular exercise with balls improves memory, mental capacity child, eliminate his emotional stress, improve the activity of the cardiovascular and digestive systems, develop coordination of movements, strength and manual dexterity, maintain vitality.
Studies by domestic physiologists also confirm the connection between the development of hands and the development of the brain. The works of V. M. Bekhterov confirm the influence of hand manipulation on the functions of higher nervous activity, the development of speech. Simple hand movements help to remove tension not only from the hands themselves, but also from the lips, relieve fatigue. They are able to improve the pronunciation of many sounds, and therefore - to develop the speech of the child. The study of M. M. Koltsov proved that each finger of the hand has a fairly extensive representation in the cerebral cortex. This fact should be used in work with children and where the development of speech occurs in a timely manner, and especially where there is a lag, a delay in the motor side of speech.

There are a wide variety of forms of training for the development of finger movement.
1. Static images with fingers of objects, images of the world around: figures from fingers "flag", "flower";
2. Active movements of the fingers in the rhythm of the text accompanying the game in poetic form: “fist-fist”, “patties-palms”;
3. Movement of fingers with objects: pencil, nuts, sticks, small ball, cords, rubber rings, clothespins and other items;
4. Ira with mosaic;
5. Modeling with plasticine, salt dough, clay;
6. Paper work: torn appliqué, paper folding, cutting and pasting, origami;
7. Games with cereals, seeds: pouring cereals from one container to another, parsing different types of cereals, laying out images from cereals;
8. Actions with water: pouring water from one container to another;
9. Actions with sand: pouring sand, molding from wet sand;
10. Actions with small toys;
11. Actions with buttons: fastening, unbuttoning;
12. Action with ropes: tying and untying knots, with a bow;
13. Drawing on paper in different techniques: traditional methods and non-traditional methods;
14. Display of the finger theater;
15. Lego construction.

What happens when a child does finger gymnastics?
1. Performing exercises and rhythmic finger movements inductively leads to excitation in the speech centers of the brain and a sharp increase in the coordinated activity of the speech zones, which ultimately stimulates the development of speech.
2. Finger games create a favorable emotional background, develop the ability to imitate an adult, teach to listen and understand the meaning of speech, increase the child's speech activity.
3. The child learns to concentrate his attention and distribute it correctly.
4. If the child performs the exercises, accompanying them with short poetic lines, then his speech will become more clear, rhythmic, and vivid.
5. The child's memory develops as he learns to memorize. After all, in finger games you need to remember a lot: the position of the fingers, and the sequence of movements, and just poetry.
6. As a result of mastering all the exercises, the hands and fingers will gain strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate mastering the skill of writing.
7. Contribute to the development of creative activity. After all, you can “tell” whole stories with your hands!
8. Finger games help to form elementary mathematical representations in the game
9. Training the movements of the fingers and hands increases the efficiency of the cerebral cortex, stimulating the development of the child's thinking.
10. Motility of the hand is activated. Thus, dexterity is developed, the ability to control one's movements. Fingers and hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears.

Instructions for performing exercises for the development of motor skills of the hand.
At first, all exercises are performed slowly. It is necessary to ensure that the child correctly reproduces and holds the position of the hand or fingers and correctly switches from one movement to another.
If necessary, you need to help the child or teach him to help himself with his other hand.
Exercises are practiced first with one hand (if the participation of both hands is not provided), then with the other hand, after that - with both hands at the same time.
If the exercises are shown in the picture, then to create a visual image, you need to show the child a drawing and explain how the exercises are performed. Gradually, the need for explanation disappears.
When developing motor skills of the hands, one must not forget that the child has two hands. Exercises must be duplicated: perform both with the right hand and with the left. By developing the right hand, we stimulate the development of the left hemisphere of the brain. Conversely, developing left hand, we stimulate the development of the right hemisphere.
Finger training should start from the very beginning. early childhood. Children who have better developed small, subtle movements hands, have a more developed brain, especially those parts of it that are responsible for speech. In other words, the better the child's fingers are developed, the easier it will be for him to master speech.

Main part.

Types of games and exercises for the development of hand motor skills:
Physical exercises
Fine motor skills are also developed physical exercises. These are various hangings and climbing (along the ladder, on sports complex). Such exercises strengthen the palms and fingers, develop muscles.
walnut exercises
You can widely use exercises for the palms and fingers with walnuts.
Rolling between the palms of a hex pencil
An excellent healing and tonic effect is exerted by rolling a hexagonal pencil between the palms.
ball games
In corrective practice, you can use the ball - which is an excellent tool. Their choice is quite wide: on sale there are balls of various colors, sizes, qualities, for every taste. Ball games develop small and general motor skills, orientation in space, distract the child's attention from the speech defect, encourage communication, regulate the strength and accuracy of movement. They help to normalize the emotional-volitional sphere, which is especially important for hyperexcitable children. By developing muscle strength, they strengthen the work of the most important organs of the lungs, heart, and improve metabolism.

Complex of ball games "Warm-up"
I squeeze the ball hard
And I'll change my hand

Hello my favorite ball! -
Every finger will say in the morning

Dance knows how to dance
On the ball my every finger

I'll turn, and you check-
Top right now!

I knead the ball with my finger,
I drive the ball along the fingers.

I will play football
And I'll score a goal in the palm of my hand.

Top left, bottom right
I ride it - bravo.

Spiral.
Doesn't crawl or run
She circles over the flower.
For a coil comes a coil -
So she sat down on a flower.

Paper activities
Applique, origami, and design classes develop fine motor skills of the fingers.
Origami is a type of activity in which both hands are involved. That is why folding is useful activity, contributing to the activity of both the left and right hemispheres of the brain, since two hands are included in the work at once. Classes develop attention, memory, imagination, ingenuity. All these mental features are inextricably linked and depend on the activity of the right and left hemispheres of the brain. The function of the right hemisphere of the brain is associated with imagination, musical and artistic abilities, and the left hemisphere is associated with logical thinking, speech, counting, and scientific abilities. The plasticity of the child's brain and the minimal dominance of one hemisphere over the other is a very fertile ground for the development of both halves of the brain.
Doctors say that origami classes deeply affect the mental state of the child and bring him into balance. Anxiety is reduced in children practicing this art, which allows them to adapt to various difficult situations.
Classes with paper develop the child's skills in working with different materials, tools; educate perseverance, accuracy, attentiveness, creativity, imagination, fantasy, spatial thinking, broaden horizons, cognitive abilities.
Classes with plasticine, clay, salt dough.
Modeling classes develop motor skills in children. Students learn different techniques and methods of modeling from clay, salt dough, plasticine Dymkovo toys, dishes, animals, birds.
It is very valuable that modeling classes contribute to the education of elementary school students in the speed of reaction, manual dexterity, attentiveness, imagination, diligence, accuracy, perseverance. As a result of the manufacture of toys, the hands and fingers acquire strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate the mastery of writing and manual skills at school.
Finger games.
Finger games are exercises for fingers and pens, staging with their help any poems, stories, fairy tales. Finger games are important part work on the development of fine motor skills of the hands. These games are very emotional, exciting for children, and also extremely useful for their overall development.
In the oral speech of any nation, one can find short poems that are accompanied by finger movements, for example, the well-known "Magpie - Crow ...". The games “Ladushki”, “Horned Goat” were created by the talent of our folk pedagogy. It is recommended to stimulate the speech development of children by training the movement of the fingers, using folk games- nursery rhymes for preschool children, and for children for primary school age finger games with poems:

Days of the week
On Monday I washed, (fists three against each other)
I swept the floor on Tuesday. (hands of relaxed hands down and imitating movements on the table)
On Wednesday I baked kalach, (we bake "pies")
All Thursday I was looking for the ball, (we bring our right hand to our forehead and make a "visor")
I washed the cups on Friday, (the fingers of the left hand are half-bent, the palm is on the edge, and with the index finger of the right hand we drive in a circle inside the left hand)
I bought a cake on Saturday. (palms open and joined together on the side of the little fingers)
All girlfriends on Sunday
Called for a birthday. (waving palms towards you)

Winter
One, two, three, four, five, (bend fingers one at a time)
We went for a walk in the yard.
They sculpted a snow woman, (we imitate the modeling of lumps),
They fed the birds with crumbs, ("crush bread" with all fingers)
Then we rode down the hill, (we run the palm of our right hand along the palm of our left hand)
And they rolled in the snow. (we put our palms on the table with one or the other side)
Everyone came home in the snow, (we shake our hands)
We ate soup and went to bed. (we make movements with an imaginary spoon, put our hands under the cheek)

Orange
We shared an orange! (hands are clasped in the lock, we shake)
There are many of us (we spread our fingers)
And he is alone. (show only one finger)
This slice is for a hedgehog, (fingers are folded into a fist, we bend one finger at a time)
This slice is for a swift, (bend the next finger)
This is a slice for ducklings, (bend the next finger)
This is a slice for kittens, (bend the next finger)
This slice is for the beaver, (bend the next finger)
And for the wolf peel! (palms down, fingers outstretched)
He's angry with us, trouble! (wiggle finger)
Run away whoever! (simulate running fingers on the table)

Cake
We remember the dough with handles, (squeeze-unclench fingers)
Let's bake a sweet cake. (as if kneading dough)
Lubricate the middle with jam, (circular movements of the palms on the table)
And the top - sweet cream ( circular motions palms to each other)
And coconut crumbs
We will sprinkle the cake a little (sprinkle the "crumbs" with the fingers of both hands)
And then we'll make tea -
Invite a friend to visit! (one hand shakes the other)

Maple
The wind quietly shakes the maple, (fingers are spread out and stretch up)
Tilts to the right, to the left: (we shake our palms to the right and to the left)
One - tilt and two - tilt, (tilt left - right palms low-low)
The maple rustled with leaves. (wiggle fingers)
boat
A boat is sailing on the river
He swims from afar, (fold your hands like a boat and make wave-like movements)
Four on the boat
A very brave sailor. (show 4 fingers raised up)
They have ears on top of their head, (raise hands to head, show ears with bent palms)
They have long tails, (we put our hand to the lower back, we depict movements with the tail)
But only cats are afraid of them,
Only cats and cats. (we raise both hands to the head, depict cat claws and hiss)

Lock
There is a lock on the door (hands in the lock)
Who could open it? (pull fingers without opening)
Pulled, (pulled)
Twisted, (rotate hands)
Knocked (knocking with the base of the palms)
And - opened! (hands open)

Cabbage
We chop cabbage, chop (we chop with our palms)
We three cabbage, three (fists rub each other)
We salt the cabbage, salt (salt with a pinch)
We mash cabbage, mash (we squeeze and unclench our fingers)
Put it in a jar and try it.

Kitty
I walked alone along the path, (show one finger)
My two legs went with me (shows two fingers)
Suddenly three mice meet, (show three fingers)
Oh, we saw a kitten! (claps his hands on his cheeks and, as it were, shakes his head with his hands)
He has four paws (show four fingers)
There are sharp scratches on the paws, (we scratch the surface of what is at hand with our nails)
One, two, three, four, five (for each count we show the corresponding number of fingers)
You need to run fast! (two fingers, index and middle, run along the surface)

Leaves
One, two, three, four, five -
Let's collect the leaves. They clench and unclench their fists.
Birch leaves, Bend the thumb.
Rowan leaves, Bend the index finger.
Poplar leaves, Bend the middle finger.
Aspen leaves, Bend the ring finger.
We will collect oak leaves, Bend the little finger.
Mom will take the autumn bouquet. They clench and unclench their fists.

Visit
On a visit to the thumb
Came straight to the house Alternately connect all the fingers
Index and middle finger, with thumb.
The nameless and last little finger taps on the thumb.
Little finger itself
Knocked on the threshold.
Together, fingers are friends, Collect fingers into a pinch.
They cannot live without each other.
Bibliography
1. T.A. Dateshidze "System corrective work with children with delayed speech development. - St. Petersburg: Rech, 2004.
2. O.N. Gromova T.A. Prokopenko "Games - fun for the development of fine motor skills of the hand" Educational and practical guide Publisher: "Gnome and D", Moscow, 2001
3. L.P. Savina " Finger gymnastics» Handbook for parents and educators Publisher: "Rodnichok", Moscow 2000
4. Shcherbakova T.N. "Finger Games" Publisher: "Karapuz", 1998

Valentina Fufaeva

Almost every parent with children under the age of 7 knows that the physical development children should be age appropriate. Everyone knows what it takes develop fine motor skills but not everyone understands how to do it. FROM physiological point vision, fine motor skills this is the work of small muscles that are located in the hands. The development of fine motor skills of the hands is very important, since the center responsible for active speech is located in the head, in close proximity to the center that is responsible for the movements of the limb of the hand. At development hands improves thinking, speech, memory. In addition, on how fine motor skills developed, depends on how quickly the child learns to hold a brush, pencil, pen in his hands. But develop fine motor skills of hands without development speech is not enough for a complete child development. Therefore, during the two years of my younger age, I carried out circle work "Talented Fingers". When playing games and game exercises my children and I learned poems, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters. And in the second junior group children told tales, stretching the laces through the hole, stringing beads on the fishing line. We got "little get-togethers" with jokes and jokes.

The game "Button up the buttons"

Mushrooms, boats, butterflies, flowers are sewn from fabric. Children learn to fasten. At the same time, we pronounce the words of nursery rhymes.

The game "Sew Holes"

Children should stretch the lace beautifully without missing a single hole.

We pronounce the poems of A. Barto.

The game "Let's treat the Katya doll with juice".

Who will open more bottles.

The game "Chamomile"

It is necessary to do everything correctly, without missing Velcro, rivets, zippers, fasteners.

"Magic Eggs"

Open eggs, find stickers, small toys.

"Collect the beads"

We string caps with holes on a thick fishing line.

"Multicolored Figures"

We twist the caps on the neck of the bottles, which are inserted into geometric shapes.

"Ponytails"

We attach clothespins to plastic figures of apples, tomatoes, carrots.

"Soft, hard, smooth"

An exercise for tactile sensation.

"Painters"

Children on the carpet collect a picture (streams, clouds, house, etc.) with the help of Velcro, curlers.

"Cinderella"

Sort buckwheat, rice, peas. Children tell stories.

"Wonders of nature".

What is the sea to us, what is the forest to us,

They brought many miracles.

"Snowdrifts"

Children tear paper small pieces.

"Apple"

You need to divide the apple into slices. Treat friends.

"Colorful Rings"

Correctly and quickly assemble the pyramid.

"Matryoshka"

Our dolls are good

Have fun from the heart.

"Close the windows"

"Fold the Square"

"Put the picture out of the puzzles"

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Training and development of fine motor skills of hands in children of 6-7 years old is one of the most important areas of pedagogical work, which must be systematically carried out by adults. The period of preparation for school imposes special requirements on future students, one of which is accuracy, dexterity of micro-finger movements. This skill is necessary for the successful development of writing, and it also contributes to common development child's cognitive processes.

How to conduct classes

Teachers and parents should follow a few rules that will help to conduct developmental activities with children as efficiently as possible.

• Any exercises for the development of fine motor skills must necessarily correspond to the age of preschoolers. Many tasks for them resemble those that can be offered, but their content should be completely different, much more complex. At 6-7 years old it is useful (as at a younger age):

- to paint, but the drawings should already be with very small details;

- to put together a mosaic, but from a large number of small elements;

- outline dotted images, but without "sliding" from the contour, without errors.

• Choose materials, exercises, games for the development of motor skills that will be of interest to the child. It may be worth finding copybooks with his favorite fairy tale characters, dinosaurs or pirates. It is important to carry out any task not only as diligently as possible, but also without fail with a desire, a positive attitude.
• The pace of performing exercises of the same type should increase gradually. First, the child must learn to confidently use a pencil or pen to complete tasks on paper, and then, with the improvement of the skill, they can be done even for a while.
• Do not teach your child to write capital letters before school. First, he must get used to holding the pencil correctly, repeating the outlines of simple lines and objects. The preschool period is preparatory, do not rush, starting to master the 1st grade program ahead of time.
• Classes should be regular, but not too tiring. Before starting each, it is useful to special gymnastics for fingers.
• It is important that the baby performs all tasks only with the leading hand. You also need to monitor his posture, as well as good lighting during work.

Tasks

Most tasks for the development of fine motor skills in children of older preschool age involve the performance of special exercises on paper. This not only trains manual dexterity, but also improves the child's eye, his voluntary attention, and the ability to navigate the sheet. Here are some of the most popular assignment options for future first graders:

contours

Invite the child to circle one of the two representatives of the same natural group (birds, animals, fish, insects) about which the riddle is composed. It is necessary to carefully draw all the contour lines, without "confusing" them, without going beyond the boundaries of the images.

Additional tasks for each page will help to captivate the child with the process, form motivation for work, and they are also another stage in training dexterity, attention, and quick wits.

Tasks by points

Ask the preschooler to draw one of the presented simple shapes (animal, bird, flower) using the reference points, following the pattern. Tasks of this type train not only fine motor skills of the hands, but also counting skills, the ability to navigate on a sheet, and coordination of movements.

Funny characters hurry home! Let your baby help insects, fish, spaceships, spinning tops move smoothly and beautifully.

Each sheet of this series is designed in such a way that the first two lines need to draw a line inside a given “path”, and the next two lines without relying on external borders. Additional obstacles (pebbles, stars, clouds) should be avoided as carefully as possible!

Hatching

This complex is composed according to the principle: from simple to complex. His tasks will help the preschooler learn to repeat various graphic elements on paper, which will be useful to him later when mastering writing.

An important nuance is that you need to draw lines from the selected point, in the direction indicated by the arrow.

Circle and color (with words)

A large plot drawing and several lines of small miniature elements allow the child to train not only motor skills, but also attention, patience, and the ability to independently find their mistakes.

Pay attention to the baby on the size of the images included in the recipe, the distance between them, the slope. It is important to try to keep these characteristics while completing the task when drawing and coloring the figures.

Tasks by cells

This complex will help the kid not only draw animals that live in hot countries, but will be an excellent hand dexterity simulator. Each task created on checkered paper contains a large image, a small object, patterns or an ornament. Sometimes there are short words made up of printed letters. Such coloring pages for the development of fine motor skills perfectly train not only motor skills, but also the eye.

Graphic dictation

Here is a selection of exciting exercises that improve the graphic skills of a preschooler, as well as his attention, perseverance, and quick wit. Each sheet is thematic selection which includes:

• a poem about a depicted character or object (animals, technology);
• color illustration to the text;
• verbal instructions for the process of drawing on checkered paper, which must be performed by the child, accurately and consistently;
• final graphic image.

These buildings can be used in a dictation format or as a sample for the child's independent work on the model. The riddle and pattern make the exercises more attractive for kids.

Games

Of course, for children of 6-7 years old, the game remains the most favorite activity, which is very good for future students! After all, finger dexterity and fine motor skills are perfectly trained not only with the help of special graphic tasks, but also in the course of useful entertainment. Here are some of their options:

You will need some ordinary laces, as well as a set of medium-sized beads. Collect colored balls (15-20 pieces) in a certain sequence, and then invite the child to repeat the pattern. You can ask to complete the task for a while or by competing with other children.

Button games

Invite the children to lay out a pattern or an image of some object from different buttons, it is more interesting to do this for a while. It is best to take small buttons, and make the basis for the picture from thick cardboard covered with a layer of plasticine on top (it will help to securely fix all the details of the “mosaic”).

Tweezers and beads

Take a few small plastic tweezers, a lot of small beads, dishes with a narrow neck (small jars or bottles, according to the number of players). One player or several are given the task to collect a certain number of beads with tweezers into a vessel. The winner is the one who completes the task faster. If the participant is alone, then he can fix his results in time, and then try to beat his own previous record.

Split pictures

Collecting a whole image from pieces of the same size is not only very exciting, but also useful. Children of older preschool age should be offered pictures cut into 10-12 parts. It is even better to give the child parts of paired non-identical cards with pictures (for example, two similar snowmen, an airplane, dogs) in a set and ask them to collect both.

Use a variety of baby.

Work to improve the fine motor skills of older preschoolers should be carried out before the start of schooling. This is one of the most important goals of pedagogy of this period, which is relevant for any child.

In particular, you need to try to devote enough time special exercises to train graphic skills for those children who have difficulties in speech development.

Stimulation of tactile sensations contributes to the activation of certain centers in the cerebral cortex, which, in turn, favorably affects the formation of children's speech.

Fedorova Ekaterina

speech pathologist

Greetings, my beloved readers! Every parent knows that the more our children move, the better they develop. And you can move in different ways. So, scientists have proved that the active movements of the fingers are directly related to the level of development of the so-called "speech" zones in children.

And they, these movements, have a good effect on the cerebral cortex. So, exercises for the development of fine motor skills are a way to stimulate mental development and a real assistant in mastering oratory.

If earlier our mothers and children did most of the homework by hand - they washed the floors, washed and wrung out clothes, knitted and embroidered, sorted out cereals, now our children come to everything ready.

Two-thirds, or even more, of household work that requires the participation of fingers is done for us by equipment - combines, vacuum cleaners, washing machines. We have almost forgotten how to knit and sew, and we cook porridge from bags, where everything has already been sorted out. So let's do the training of speech and mind today. I propose to learn a number of simple exercises for younger students.

Lesson plan:

rolling

You can roll anything in your hands: balls, walnuts, hexagon pencils, and even mom's curlers. The most suitable material for the hands will be the one that, like a hedgehog, pricks, since the “needles” will add even more sharpness to tactile sensations and disperse the blood. So, we do self-massage.

We roll the pencil on the table, sandwiched between the palm and the work surface. We roll it over, passing it between the fingers like a tightrope walker, holding it in a certain position. We actively rub it, sandwiched between two palms.

Now it's the ball's turn.

They perfectly develop coordination along with motor skills by rolling the ball along a given trajectory. You can draw a path in the form of a labyrinth or a spiral, along which a ball sandwiched between the palm of your hand and the surface of the paper will run to a given goal.

Excellent! Were two uneaten walnuts lying around on the farm? They can also be used!

We hold two nuts in one hand and begin to roll, as if we are trying to grind their uneven edges.

Lacing and Mosaic

Whose preschooler can boast that he ties his own shoelaces? But the sooner he learns this, the better.

Lace is one of effective ways develop fine motor skills. Unwinding, untying, stringing - all this is good for preschoolers. And for older children, there are special tasks when you need to lace up according to the algorithm - a sample, or connect the missing details in the image with a lace.

And in general, for our fashionable children, you can find examples of unusual beautiful lacing on shoes - let them train if they want to be in trend!

Similar to lacing, mosaic, which, like the skill of stringing small beads on a string, requires the ability to hold small details in your fingers that need to be folded into a pattern. Everything can be used here: from buttons and beads to pasta and peas. The main thing is to apply imagination, and you will get a real work of art!

modeling

Plasticine, salt dough, clay are excellent helpers in the development of fine motor skills in preschoolers and students elementary school. Here is not only speech and mental training, here is also the "untwisting" of fantasy and the creative component.

For preschoolers, this is a real lesson that instills accuracy, perseverance and hard work. So, we roll out the “sausages”, roll the balls, from all this we make three-dimensional figures.

Do you want to combine the useful with the pleasant? Then make dough pies with the kids: pretzel buns, puff or yeast buns - it doesn’t matter. The main thing is to knead-sculpt-roll with your hands. And for lunch, a yummy, and a brain workout.

Paper

Everything that can be cut, colored, folded into applications - all this is suitable for us to train motor skills.

More valuable, of course, among origami paper art. It needs both hands, so both the left and right hemispheres develop at the same time. And what skill and ingenuity is needed to fold a simple paper sheet into a figure. And when paper masterpieces are made from small triangles, what kind of patience and perseverance are required!

Among the exercises with paper and pencils, teachers highly recommend hatching, because it helps preschool children prepare for writing, and it gives younger students the opportunity to hone their skills by learning to draw lines without interruption. Teaches hatching and draw freely with a sense of the right slope, which is important for handwriting.

Well, I won’t even talk about the load on the small muscles of the hands and fingers - you yourself know about it. Well, or try to shade something - feel it for yourself.

It is also useful to cut, since the possession of scissors also requires effort and is directly related to the development of motor skills. In a straight line, diagonally, circles and squares, ovals and rectangles - all these skills can be found in making ... snowflakes. Yes, yes, snowflakes, which have a lot of artsy lines. That's where you have to puff!

finger games

Do you like shadow theaters, when donkeys or swans, dogs or cats suddenly grow out of correctly folded fingers on the wall? it interesting game also develops motor skills.

And it is also useful to play home puppet theater. So if you have puppet heroes of fairy tales gathering dust somewhere in the corner of your house, then rather get them out and take them as assistants, put fairy tales and plays at home.

Here is a game that can also be used for fingers:

On Monday I washed it - three fists against each other,

I swept the floor on Tuesday - we relaxed our hands and “sweep” on the table,

On Wednesday I baked a kalach - we make a "pie",

And on Thursday I was looking for a ball - we make a “visor” with our hands, putting it in turn to the forehead,

On Friday, I washed cups of soap - we fold our left hand in a handful - “cup”, and with our right fingers we drive inside our “cup”,

And on Saturday I bought a cake - we open our palms and connect with each other with our little fingers, showing “cake”,

On Sunday, I called all my friends to a birthday party - we wave our fingers towards ourselves.

Here are some simple tricks that you can use "in between times" that will help your children become even smarter and even more eloquent! Good luck!

Well, if we missed something, and you know other interesting ways to develop little fingers, share them in the comments.

And you can also read on the topic, there about preparing a hand for writing. And this one, here you will find interesting ways to properly grip a ballpoint pen.

Your "School" :)