At school, both in the senior and in the elementary, physical education classes are provided. Currently educational program The school provides three physical education lessons per week. From this it is not difficult to conclude that physical education at school is a necessary and important subject, and not a banal physical education, as we all have long been accustomed to thinking. In many schools, one of these lessons is replaced by a lesson in rhythm or choreography.

What is physical culture

Physical Culture - this is a social activity that has the goal of preserving and strengthening health, developing psycho physical ability person.

Means of physical culture

The means of physical culture include:

• physical exercises,
• natural forces of nature (hardening procedures with the help of the sun, air and water),
• hygiene factors (personal hygiene, daily routine, healthy sleep and nutrition, rejection of bad habits).

Of course, exercise is the main means of physical education. All of them should be included motor actions created and used to improve the physical condition, physical abilities and capabilities of a person.

In a complex, physical culture means can have a maximum health-improving and developing effect.

Physical education at school

Goals and objectives of physical education lessons

Physical education lessons at school have the following main goals:

• physical development and general health of students,
• their development of independence
• development of creative abilities and thinking.

Each physical education teacher sets himself general educational tasks:

• to teach physical culture knowledge, motor skills and skills that are accessible to their age;
• teach ways physical activity and the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in everyday life.

At physical education lessons, schoolchildren are trying to instill a love for sports and physical activity necessary for general strengthening health and keeping yourself in good physical form. Learn to take care of your own health and the health of others.

Of course, physical education lessons are also educational in nature. The child becomes stronger, more courageous, develops respect for the team and the perception of the team as a whole. Physical education they bring up in schoolchildren such character traits as responsibility, courage, purposefulness, perseverance, collectivism, diligence and mutual assistance.

In addition, the following health-improving tasks are solved at physical education lessons:

• general health promotion
• prevention and correction of flat feet,
• prevention of diseases and stress conditions,
• comprehensive physical development, development of coordination of movements, increase in mental performance.

How is physical education at school

First of all, physical education teachers in the primary grades need to organize the children. Then they teach them the basic skills available to them by age and characteristics. physical development. Every child must understand that physical activity not only improves health, but also cheers up that you can and should pay attention to exercises at home with your parents.

The lesson includes both theoretical and practical parts. The teacher explains the features of the exercises, determines their goal, learns the rules for conducting sports games.

We can say that a physical education lesson is a seasonal lesson. In winter, it's skiing and skating. In spring and autumn - running, jumping, race walking outdoors and more. Classes in the indoor pool are held all year round.

Like any other activity, a physical education lesson involves various stages. New material, its consolidation and control. Skills can be controlled both by passing standards, and by holding various kinds of relay races and health holidays.

What do children do in physical education classes?

The first grade is the time when children are just getting acquainted with school life. Physical education in grade 1 also involves only familiarization with the basic concepts of this subject. At physical education lessons, first-graders are mainly trained in various outdoor games and relay races. The theoretical component in physical education classes in elementary school is given no more than 3-5 minutes, within the framework of the topic of the current lesson.

For the development of initial skills and abilities in physical education classes, drills and physical exercises are conducted aimed at developing simple movements: walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing, simple acrobatic and dance movements. Also, children receive initial knowledge of basketball, volleyball, ski training and swimming.

When conducting relay races, outdoor and sports games, the following goals are pursued:

• consolidate the formed motor skills,
• develop coordination of movements,
• develop general endurance and flexibility.

In the middle classes, the physical education lesson is more sporty. Children improve their physical qualities in the process of athletics, skiing, gymnastic training. They study in detail the rules of some sports games, their technical and tactical features.

At the same time, it is important to know that students who, for health reasons, are assigned to the main or additional groups, may be admitted to physical education lessons. The rest of the children are exempted from physical education at school and must engage in physiotherapy exercises as prescribed by a doctor.

Open lesson in physical education

The physical development of children is important not only in terms of the formation of their bone and muscular systems but also to acquire some social skills and personal attitudes. A stronger, physically developed child will always be more active, active and self-confident. Achievement of such goals is pursued by physical education at school.

Physical culture at school: standards for conducting

School physical education is traditionally held in the warm season - at an outdoor stadium, in the cold - in an equipped gym(excluding winter skiing). Each room or street area allocated for such classes strictly meets a number of standards: the optimal number of schoolchildren for a given area, the number of locker rooms and showers, the height of the ceilings, ventilation and heating systems, and the availability of sports equipment necessary for the diversified development are taken into account.

In fact, the development of physical culture also includes the so-called “physical education minutes”, which have now remained part of physical education in elementary school. In the vast majority of educational institutions, high school this element necessary for stress relief is not carried out.

Physical education for children from 1st to 3rd grade

Children's physical education for young schoolchildren is aimed primarily at the harmonious development of the body, dexterity, and coordination of movements. During this period, important skills are often taught:

• correctly combine breathing with movement;
• long jump and high jump skills;
• toss and catch the ball with one and two hands;
• throw the ball at the target;
• basics of sports team games;
• basics skiing;
• swimming basics.

The motor activity of children at this age is extremely important, because the period from 7 to 12 years is the period of the most active growth, and the more developed the body is, the more harmoniously the figure will take shape by puberty.

Physical education and sports in middle and high school

The older the guys get, the more diverse and interesting the means physical education. Classes are usually scheduled twice a week so that students get used to the routine and strive to continue playing sports throughout their lives.

In order to interest students in sports, physical education teachers often notice their success in any area and offer participation in competitions or visits to school circles and sections. This not only allows the student to realize himself as a successful athlete, but also instills a sincere interest in sports.

Therapeutic physical education in schools is rarely carried out, and usually as an extracurricular activity. Children with non-standard physical or mental development are often simply exempted from physical education, although they usually need it more than anyone else. The opposite situation can be found only in the so-called health schools, where exercise therapy ( physiotherapy) is one of the main directions.

Physical education for schoolchildren: modern problems

Unfortunately, despite the fact that physical education lessons pursue exclusively good goals, at present school education in this area is not cloudless.

The first problem that occurs very often is the lack of showers and rest rooms, those. conditions in which students would like to attend classes. Indeed, during puberty, the process of sweating is often excessively intense, and, not being able to take a shower, schoolchildren tend to skip classes altogether.

Another problem is the frequent cases of injuries in the classroom. This may be due to outdated equipment, and poor attention to safety, and the negligence of other students.

In addition, grades that are given for physical skills, and not for academic performance, i.e. marks in physical education affect the average score of the certificate, which is not correct: after all, it is not the mind that is assessed, but physical properties.

Physical education has acquired particular importance at the present time in schools. What is physical education in educational organization? How can you build planning for this academic discipline? We will look for answers to these questions in order to understand the essence and specifics of teaching physical education in a timely school.

Role and place in the educational institution

What is the place of sports in national education? Let's start with the fact that at present one hour of teaching this academic discipline has been added in all classes.

The reason for this decision was a significant deterioration physical health the younger generation, as well as the lack of a positive attitude towards a healthy lifestyle among schoolchildren.

The Federal State Educational Standards for Physical Education are designed so that the main focus of the teachers is on maintaining the health of schoolchildren, shaping their active desire to play sports.

The structure of the lesson and its features

Lessons are held in the gym or on the street. The program is compiled so that each lesson has three sections:

• introductory part;
• main content;
• conclusion.

At the introductory stage, the teacher offers the children exercises in the form of a warm-up. The main block is designed for learning a new game, exercises, throwing, jumping, rope climbing, running, tasks for coordination of movements, outdoor games, team relay races.

The teacher of physical culture in the final part of the lesson gives the children time to establish a pulse and breathing, to bring their body back to its normal mode of functioning.

Important Aspects

What does the term "physical culture" mean? What is school physical education? It should be noted that physical education in an ordinary school is not limited only to lessons, it can also include small unloading physical minutes, which are carried out not only by physical education teachers, but also by teachers of other academic disciplines.

It is also necessary to include systematic medical examinations conducted annually in educational institutions. They are designed to assess development, health status, as well as physical training students. Taken together, all this is physical culture. What is a physical education program for Russian school? Let's dwell on this issue in more detail.

Program specifics

It has several forms and components:

• base part;
• rehabilitation and health part;
• "background" physical culture.

The first part is the fundamental basis of the subject. It includes a system of educational and educational goals, as well as the selection of methods and methods of work that contribute to the achievement of the goals and objectives. It is on this part that physical culture is based. What is the wellness part of the program? The teacher is obliged to fully fulfill the social order, to create optimal conditions for maintaining the physical health of the younger generation.

That is why the regular program for this academic discipline additionally (if necessary) includes sets of exercises that contribute to the correction of various skills. For example, a teacher does with children as part of a physical education lesson breathing exercises, exercises for posture correction.

Primary School Program

It includes elements that involve the development of endurance, agility, coordination of movements, teamwork skills. In physical education classes, the teacher teaches children the basics correct breathing, combining it with movements.

The program includes familiarity with the elements of team and sports games, learning to swim, rope climbing, throwing a ball at different distances, throwing it into a volleyball net.

Features of the physical education program for high school students

At the senior level of education, the teacher uses a variety of methods of work to organize lessons. They are one set methodological techniques, allowing to build for each pupil their own developmental trajectory, to instill in adolescents a positive attitude towards sports, a healthy lifestyle.

Lessons include learning the skills of hardening, psychoregulation, self-control, massage. This subject is aimed at forming in high school students the habit of playing sports for the rest of their lives. It is this subject that allows teachers to prevent the associative behavior of high school students.

In is compiled explanatory note, in which all the main techniques and methods of work are noted. Relevance and features of physical education.

Next, the teacher writes the lesson thematic planning, indicating the number of hours allocated to each game, exercise, run, and other activity. According to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, special attention is paid to those universal skills that schoolchildren must master.

Physical education at school

Physical education at school is crucial for the education of a full-fledged, holistic personality of a student. After all, physical education at school solves the problem of not only maintaining and strengthening health, but also increasing the level of sociability and social activity of the child.
Physical education at the school takes place either in a specially equipped sports hall, or on the street, also on a specially equipped site. Both in the gym and on the site, certain conditions are created in accordance with state regulations. In the gym, the standards regulate how many students can work out in a given area, what should be the height of the ceilings, ventilation and heating, how many utility rooms and changing rooms should be, how many showers and rest rooms, what sports equipment must be present. On the court, the standards regulate how football goals, basketball baskets and volleyball nets should be located.
Physical education at school, each of its lessons, usually consists of three sections: introductory, main and final. The introductory part, or warm-up, prepares the body for the load. The main part is intended for learning new exercises, as well as for running, jumping, throwing, climbing, for coordination exercises, outdoor sports games, relay races. The final part is intended for the body to return to normal in the right way, to improve breathing and pulse.
The least tiring for children is independent physical activity, so physical education at school often offers children the conditions for its implementation. This can happen both in the gym and on the street, with or without special equipment, with or without a specific purpose.
Often physical education at school, especially if it is a certain system of exercises, is carried out to music. This develops hearing, a sense of rhythm, and the attention of schoolchildren.
Physical education at school is not limited to physical education lessons alone. Physical education at school is also the so-called physical minutes, which are held during other lessons. They are necessary to relieve physical and mental stress. Unfortunately, today, physical education sessions in schools are held mainly in the primary grades and, with very rare exceptions, in the middle grades. And in this sense, they completely forgot about high school students. But teachers absolutely in vain neglect physical education minutes, because having spent a couple of minutes to relieve stress, they would have received greater performance in the end.
Physical education at school is necessarily accompanied by medical examinations. The purpose of medical examinations is to assess the health status, development and level of physical fitness of schoolchildren. Data from medical examinations allows the doctor to recommend certain types of exercise, the magnitude of the load, methods of their application.
Physical education at school in grades 1-3 continues the work of preschool institutions. Namely, physical education at school in the primary grades continues to develop endurance, agility, strength of arms and legs, coordination of movements, skills of participation in team games. And physical education does this at school, taking into account the physical and mental characteristics of the child's body, inherent in a certain age.

Physical education at school in the primary grades continues to teach children:
breathe correctly, combine breathing with movement;
complicated walking and running;
running with obstacles;
the initial skills of long jumps and high jumps with a run;
toss and catch the ball with one and two hands;

throw the ball at a target at different distances;
climb different ways on gymnastic wall;
elements of sports team games;

often teach swimming, skiing.
Physical education at school in the senior classes is carried out in more diverse forms. These forms are interconnected, complement each other and represent a single process of physical education. Physical education at school in older grades should include teaching the basics of psychoregulation, hardening, massage and self-control.
Physical education in high school is designed to form a habit of physical education for the rest of your life. Physical education at school should instill an orientation towards healthy lifestyle life. Physical education at school in high school should stimulate a person to further physical education, including independently.
It is important to note that physical education at school is of great importance in the prevention of antisocial behavior of schoolchildren.
Physical education at school has its own problems. Among them is the problem of physical education of children with various deviations in the state of mental and physical health. Such children are often simply released from classes, but weakened children are even more in need of the beneficial effects of physical education on the body. Teachers should pay particular attention to this.

The harmonious development of a modern person largely depends on physical education lessons, which involve not only practical, but also theoretical study of it. Teachers should pay special attention to how they are acquired by students, and constantly check the knowledge and skills of students. This can be done with the help of our Aida website, which constantly hosts physical education olympiads for schoolchildren.

Testing knowledge in physical education through online olympiads

Online Olympiads on our website are free for participants, are ongoing, and you can take them at any convenient time. Online Olympiads are testing, which includes fifteen multiple-choice questions. Students are asked to choose correct option. The more there are, the more successful the Olympiad will be. Its results appear immediately after the end of testing. This may be the first, second, third place, the place of the laureate or participant.

Olympiads in physical education involve accepting works from practical advice, which are created by students under the guidance of a teacher. They are considered by the competitive jury for two days after receipt, and then the authors of the works also receive first, second, third place, become participants or laureates.

According to the results of the Olympiads, students together with teachers can receive diplomas that cost 89 rubles. They include the surname, name, patronymic of the teacher and student, the results of the Olympiads, their date. Diplomas are assigned an individual number. They are issued a few minutes after receipt of payment in electronic form, then, if necessary, printed on paper.

Certification of physical education teachers

Diplomas that schoolchildren receive after physical education Olympiads can be used by teachers for advanced training. They are attached to the portfolio and shown along with it to the certification committee. This will help speed up the process of professional development, resulting in a significant increase in wages. The more active the participation of schoolchildren in physical education Olympiads, the more diplomas their teacher can receive. And the sooner it will be assigned a new, more promising category.