Physical education in kindergarten.
Physical education in kindergarten is an important component general development child in an orphanage. Every parent wants to see their child healthy, active and cheerful. For a child to always be like this, the foundations must be laid from the very beginning. early childhood. That is why in kindergarten much attention is paid to the development of children's muscles, their dexterity, strength and endurance.
Among the main means of correct physical education small children can be distinguished: proper (healthy) nutrition, developing personal hygiene habits, walking in the fresh air, properly organized daily routine, good dream, creating conditions for the creativity of the child, and, of course, physical culture.
A healthy and happy child cannot be imagined as motionless. In our minds, a fidget running down the street is healthier than a child lying on the couch in the middle of the day.
The correct active movements of the child increase his resistance to various diseases, cause the activation of the body's defenses, its immunity, increase the activity of leukocytes. Physical culture in kindergarten contributes to the all-round development of children mental capacity, thinking, attention, perception, a significant improvement in the nutrition of body tissues, the formation of the skeleton, the formation of correct posture and the improvement of the child's immune system. Movement, physical education in kindergartens, a healthy lifestyle is the key to the health of our children, our new generation.
Issues of protection and promotion of children's health, physical preschoolers are one of the important activities of our institution. Work is carried out through compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and requirements, organization balanced nutrition, a system for hardening children, conducting sports and recreational activities, creating a favorable climate in preschool educational institutions.
The teachers of the preschool educational institution carry out various types of physical education and recreation work:
Direct educational activities;
Physical education minutes;
Varieties of gymnastics (morning, breathing, finger, articulation, etc.);
Various types of hardening;
health days;
Physical culture holidays, leisure
For all groups, a mode of physical activity was compiled, where, in addition to organized types of classes in physical education in the daily routine of preschoolers, a significant place is given to independent motor games taking into account their age and individual characteristics.
As is known, regular classes exercise strengthens the body and improves immunity. In addition, children, unlike adults, are very mobile and active, so they just need to periodically “let off steam”, and for this purpose, as well as for improving coordination of movements, physical education is suitable like nothing else.
Classes are held 3 times a week, 2 times a gym(conducted by a physical education instructor), 1 time on the street (conducted by a group teacher). Their duration, like other classes in kindergarten, is from 15 to 30 minutes. This is due to the fact that it is very difficult to keep the attention of the child longer than this time. Directly educational activities in physical culture can be carried out both with musical accompaniment and without it.
In addition to directly educational activities in physical education in kindergarten, morning exercises are carried out daily, which consists of turns and tilts of the head, swings of the arms, torso bends, squats. The duration of morning exercises is 5-8 minutes. In the intervals between “sedentary” classes and after daytime sleep, the so-called five-minute physical education sessions are also held, which enable the child to stretch the body.
The child must have a special uniform for physical education - this is, first of all, a matter of hygiene. Shorts and a T-shirt made of non-synthetic, breathable materials are perfect as a physical education uniform. You can wear shoes or socks with rubberized (non-slip) soles on your feet. In many groups, a sports uniform of a certain color. This develops a team spirit in children during relay races and sports events.
The physical education instructor conducts physical education classes and during their conduct is fully responsible for the safety of pupils. Controls the physical activity of children during the day. Together with the nurse controls the hygienic conditions for the classes. Like other teachers, a physical education instructor is guided by approved programs that take into account the age characteristics of children, and during classes takes into account the individual capabilities of each child.
Much attention in the process of directly educational activities is paid to the formation of correct posture, motor skills, as well as the inculcation of cultural and hygienic skills and interest in exercise, which contributes to the formation of moral qualities, strong-willed personality traits, maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
During the year, sports holidays, leisure activities, entertainment are held with children, sport games outdoors.
During the summer recreational period, classes are held outdoors with direct contact with the natural factors of nature. Summer classes are held in a more playful way, full of sports and outdoor games, nursery rhymes.
The physical development of children must be continued outside the kindergarten. morning exercises on weekends at home and outdoor games for a walk, of course, will benefit the baby.
The main goal of physical education in our preschool institution is to satisfy the natural biological need of children for movement, to achieve a good level of health and all-round physical development of children. And also to ensure the mastery of motor skills and abilities by preschoolers; create conditions for the versatile (mental, moral, aesthetic) development of children and educate them in the need for systematic physical exercises.
In modern conditions, a particularly urgent task is to instill in children the need for physical culture and sports. Thus, methodically correctly organized work on physical education is designed to satisfy the natural need of children for movement and contribute to the timely possession of motor skills and abilities, to form a positive self-esteem, an analytical attitude towards oneself and the activities of comrades. At present, raising children healthy, strong, cheerful is the task of every preschool institution, including ours. To be on the move is to improve health. We cannot imagine the life of a child in kindergarten without fun activities, noisy holidays and competitions, interesting games, exciting rides. Some develop ingenuity, others - ingenuity, others - imagination and creativity, but they are united by a common task - educating a child's need for movement and emotional perception of life. Knowing that children are especially receptive to the positive example of their parents, we try to actively involve them in participating in joint sports holidays, leisure and entertainment that take place in our preschool. I believe that by moving, the child learns the world and himself, learns to navigate and purposefully act in it. Work with children preschool age valuable in that it creates conditions for emotional and psychological well-being, because has a great influence on the development of the mind, education of character, will, morality, creates a certain spiritual mood, prompting the interest of self-expression, contributes not only to better assimilation of knowledge and consolidation of skills, but also has a beneficial effect on the child's psyche. We strive to ensure that children get as much opportunity as possible to show their activity, independence, and initiative at our sports events and entertainment.
Synopsis of direct educational activities in physical culture in senior group"Happy jump rope"
Target: It is optimal to implement the health-improving, educational and educational areas of physical education, to promote the health of children.Tasks:
-to teach children to perform exercises with a skipping rope, to lay out various figures on the carpet using a skipping rope;
- to consolidate the ability to step over and jump over a rope that moves;
- exercise in the ability to perform various types of walking and running with an object in hand;
- develop dexterity, coordination of movements;
- to form in children vital motor skills and skills that promote health;
- to educate the right attitude of children to physical education.
Equipment: skipping ropes according to the number of children.
Lesson progress:
Instructor: My friends, today you have an unusual lesson. How is it unusual, how is it different from other physical education classes? (children's answers). Tell me, does it bother you that I am conducting the lesson, and not your beloved ...?We have already become friends, but today there are guests in your hall, give them your smiles and good mood!
Instructor: Today I came to you not alone, but together with my assistant! (with a girl from preparatory group) I would very much like you to become good friends with her. And my assistant also came not alone, but with her friend Skakalochka! I am sure that it will help you become strong, agile and hardy. And for starters, we need to say hello in a sports way! Who will tell me how it is?
(Stretch the rope in front of the children so that they line up along it and say “Fizkult-Hi”).
Now I invite you to sit down like me on the carpet and listen to the tale about the little Jump Rope.
A story about a little jump rope.
An unusual family lived in a small town - a family of skipping ropes: dad - a skipping rope, mom - a skipping rope and a small skipping rope. Skapalochka's dad worked in the gym, was always busy with children and could not give Skakalochka the attention he needed to be happy. Mom had a lot of homework, and she also loved to go to her girlfriends.
The skipping rope was very bored sitting at home, she could not choose an activity to her liking. She often cried in a corner - she so wanted to do something, to learn something. And once I came to her Skakalochka godmother fairy Rope, saw a tearful goddaughter and decided to help her. “To achieve something in life, you need to go to school,” said the Fairy. But it's still early for you, because you're small. You have to get ready for school. And the magical place where children do it is called kindergarten. I will help you get into kindergarten, I have a girl friend from kindergarten. Together with the children you will play, learn, have fun, and, of course, prepare for school.”
The little Jump Rope was very happy, thanked her godmother and joyfully began to spin and sing:
I'm a skipper, I'm bored
Lying on the floor at home
Fairy came to my house
Helped me get up!
I found myself in the kindergarten
Lived, rejoiced!
Children jump together
It's time for us to jump!
Instructor: So little Skakalochka, yours got into kindergarten. And after her came other skipping ropes, who also want to learn a lot. Do you want to help them? (children's answers)
Thank you, I thought that you had kind and sympathetic hearts. And for starters, we will introduce our Skakalochek guests to the gym.
(Building children in a column, the ropes are folded four times, lowered down)
Introductory part.
Normal walking hands with a rope are lowered down.
Walking on toes, hands with a rope raised up.
Walking on the heels of the rope behind the shoulder blades.
Walking with high knees, jump rope in front of them, children should reach the rope with their knees.
Lateral canter with the right, then with the left side, the rope in front of you.
The usual jump rope on the shoulders.
Normal walking, jump rope behind your back ( light massage jump rope back).
Breathing exercise “Snow will hold together". Walking in place, inhale through your nose, exhale as you say "creak-creak-creak."
Visual gymnastics.
Rope to the left, Rope to the right,
Up and down. And all over again!
Building children in a circle.
Instructor: So we had a short tour for our Jump Rope! And now it's time to tell and show her how the day goes in kindergarten. And who will tell me how every morning in kindergarten begins?
Children: With charging!
Main part.
A set of general developmental exercises.
1. "Let's turn to the right, let's turn to the left." I.p .: lying on your back, legs together, knees bent, hands with a rope at the top. Turn legs to the right, arms to the left, return to SP, turn legs to the left, arms to the right, return to SP. (Repeat 5 times).
2. "Swinging chair". I.p .: lying on your back, jump rope in your hands. Grab your knees with a rope and swing forward, backward, right, left. (Repeat 5 times).
3. "Kick back." I.p .: standing on all fours, hands on a rope that lies on the floor. Bring the right leg back, return to the SP, bring the left leg back, return to the VP. (Repeat 6 times).
4. "Feet higher off the ground." I.p .: sitting, emphasis on the forearms, legs bent, heels are on the floor, the handles of the rope are in their hands, its middle is hooked to the middle of the foot. Stretch your legs forward, pull the rope, raise straight legs up, lower your legs down, return vi.p. (Repeat 5 times).
5. "Let's look around." I.p .: kneeling, hands in front of the chest. Withdraw right hand to the side, return to the SP, bring the left hand to the side, return to the VP. (Repeat 6 times).
6. Shake our heads. I.p .: standing, legs together, the rope is folded four times, lowered down. Turn your head to the right, turn your head to the left, tilt your head forward, tilt your head back. (Repeat 8 times).
7. "Show me the rope." I.p .: feet shoulder-width apart, hands with a rope below. Lean forward, stretch out your arms, return vi.p. (Repeat 7 times)
8. "Squats". I.p .: heels together, socks apart, hands with a rope below. Squat stretch your arms forward, return vi.p. (Repeat 6 times).
9. Jumping forward and backward on two legs through a rope that lies on the floor.
Instructor: After classes, the children have fun playing different games. So our Jump Rope also likes to play fun. Do you want to play with her?
The main types of movements.
1. The game "High - low." If two people raise the rope high, then you need to run under it (4 times), if it is lowered low, then you need to jump over it (5 times)
2. The game "Fishing Rod". Jumping over a rope that an adult spins in a circle. Children are fish, adults are fishermen. Who did not have time to jump over the rope, he was caught on the bait. (in both directions 6 times)
3. The game "Brook". Two people pull the rope, the height from the ground is 4-5 centimeters and begin to move it slowly, then the height of the rope and the speed of the waves increase.
4. Outdoor game "Streams and lakes". The children are divided into two teams in each team, a captain is appointed in whose hands he has a rope, while the music is playing, the children run, as soon as the music stops, the leader pronounces the word for streams or lakes. If the streams need to line up one after the other in a column, and take the rope in your right hand, if the lakes, then you need to make a circle and grab the rope with both hands.
Breathing exercises.
- Laying out figures from jump ropes.
- Complex "Letters".
1. "Letter A". Basic stance, legs apart, arms folded on the chest.
2. "Letter G". Main stance, left hand laid aside.
3. "Letter D". Wide stance, legs apart, semi-squat, arms up with a clap above your head.
4. "Letter K". Left leg laid aside on the toe, left hand up to the side.
5. "Letter M". Wide stance, lean forward down, palms together.
6. "Letter T". Main stance, arms to the sides.
Breathing exercises for "Cheerful mood" I.p.: main stand. Smooth inhale and exhale say "Ha-ha-ha!" Draw the letter "X".
Instructor: And it’s not for nothing that we have now depicted a good mood, showed the letter “X”, why do you think?
(children's answers)
Instructor: Because today we have done a good deed, a good deed, and most importantly, we have done a lot of good and useful for our health!
Borisova E.Yu., physical education instructor, MDOU D / S No. 84, Naberezhnye Chelny
game form conducting physical education classes in the air is one of the most interesting and common forms of children's activities. The main educational and developmental value gaming activities in that they serve as a natural form of transferring to children the necessary amount of knowledge in the field of physical culture. At the same time, each lesson, consisting of outdoor games of varying degrees of intensity, allows you to solve important problems aimed at the emotional, physical and mental development of a preschooler.
In the process of playing, children make many movements: walking, running, crawling, climbing, jumping, throwing the ball into the basket, and so on. At the same time, they show speed of reaction, agility, endurance, as well as courage, determination, resourcefulness and independence. It should also be noted the positive role of the use of aids in outdoor games for the development of the perception of space and time, including the formation of skills and abilities of orientation in the environment. On the sports ground enough space for children to move freely and realize their creativity.
Game classes are held with middle group. When developing the content of classes, it is envisaged:
- usage various kinds movements;
- inclusion various games of different intensity: with running, jumping, climbing, throwing and throwing, games - competitions, relay races, games for orientation in space, for the development of attention, dexterity.
The accumulation of motor experience is one of the main tasks. In the process of playing lessons, children travel in the world of fairy tales, imitating the actions of heroes, demonstrating their motor skills and abilities, gradually acquiring the habit of healthy lifestyle life. In addition, they master different actions, learn to control their behavior.
To develop the ability to creatively solve problems in outdoor games, you can use search and experimental methods: questions, riddles, diagram cards, etc., which help awaken imagination, create game images, new rules, and play around with objects and manuals.
The game form of conducting classes in the air contributes to the fact that during the game children show interest and creativity, quickly learn the rules.
Every outdoor activity starts with a light jog. To maintain a certain pace and rhythm of running and in order to prevent the children from getting tired, the instructor runs in front, and the teacher runs behind. Gradually from lesson to lesson, the distance increases. For children who find it difficult to overcome it and who need an individual pace of running, medical supervision is carried out. After the children have overcome the distance, breathing exercises. Children should be taught to breathe correctly and perform breathing exercises: it promotes the development of the respiratory muscles, especially the muscles that provide a deep breath.
General developmental exercises are characterized by dynamism and the absence of long pauses and stops.
In the warm season, children are allowed to walk barefoot. The complex effect of the sun, air, water (in summer time hosing), freedom of movement contribute to the removal of psycho-emotional stress, the creation Have a good mood, an atmosphere of joy that strengthens the physical and mental health of children.
Here are some examples of lesson planning options.
Lesson 1 "Funny ball".
Walking in alternation with running. While walking and running, perform tasks: walk and run along a log, jump over bars, stop at a signal. Jogging 80-100 meters in alternation with walking. Normal walking. Tossing the ball up in a circle and catching it after hitting the ground. Outdoor games with the ball "Ball to the swimmer", "Ball to the captain".
First subgroup
Game - exercise "Play more fun, but do not lose the ball."
Second subgroup
Game - exercise "Pass the ball."
For both subgroups
Sedentary game "Do it like this."
Lesson 2 "We are funny guys."
Game-exercise "Signal" - walking and running at different paces with overcoming obstacles, stopping, changing direction and other tasks (at the signal of the teacher).
The outdoor game "Snake in the Grass", relay race "Who will quickly transfer objects", "Entertainers" (Children can make up their own names).
First subgroup
Games - exercises “Who has more objects”, “Find your cube”.
Second subgroup
Games - exercises "Yule", "Heron", "Jump and turn", "Fishing rod".
For both subgroups
Mobile game "We are funny guys."
Sedentary games.
Lesson 3 "Jump rope".
Voluntary walking on the sports ground. Then the children form a circle.
1 child:
Skipping ropes are spinning endlessly in all yards -
Lena and Natalka compete in the morning.
2 child:
So skillfully, famously jumping - it's a pleasure to watch!
And everyone has one task - not to touch the rope.
3 child:
A very important jumping game is jump rope,
Preparation for the master, true hardening.
Calm walking on toes, on outside feet while maintaining correct posture. Easy running, running "snake", normal walking.
Outdoor switchgear with jump ropes.
First subgroup
Game - exercise "Change places"
Second subgroup
Game - exercise "From Monday to Sunday"
For both subgroups
Mobile game "Fishing Rod"
Calm game with breathing exercises.
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The game form of conducting physical education classes in the air is one of the most interesting and common forms of children's activities. The main educational and developmental significance of gaming lessons is that they serve as a natural form of transferring to children the necessary amount of knowledge in the field of physical culture. At the same time, each lesson, consisting of outdoor games of varying degrees of intensity, allows you to solve important tasks aimed at the emotional, physical and mental development of a preschool child.
In order to optimize motor activity(YES) of children in a pre-school institution, much attention is paid to the organization and management of outdoor games in physical education classes. Research on this problem in 2001-2003. was carried out in GOU No. 1881 of a compensating type of the South-Eastern District of Moscow - an urban experimental site. The institution has created the necessary conditions for daily physical education with children 4-7 years old. Playgrounds are equipped with sports and gaming complexes, including different types of benefits: for walking and balance exercises - logs, booms of different heights, gymnastic benches; for jumping- sticks, hoops, cones, ropes; for riding, throwing, catching - hanging targets, balls, sets of skittles, ser-so, ring-throwers; for crawling and climbing - game labyrinths, wooden stairs. Physical education equipment allows you to create variable conditions for playing exercises (“Get an object”, “Who will collect more objects of the same color, one shape”, etc.).
In the process of playing, children make many movements: walking and running on an inclined boom, crawling on gymnastic benches, jumping rope, climbing stairs, throwing a ball into a ring, etc. At the same time, they show speed of reaction, dexterity, endurance, as well as courage, determination, resourcefulness and independence. It should also be noted the positive role of the use of aids in outdoor games for the development of the perception of space and time, including the formation of skills and abilities of orientation in the environment. There is enough space on the sports and children's playgrounds for children to move freely and realize their creative ideas.
Playing physical education classes are held in the middle, senior and preparatory groups for school daily on the sports ground in the warm season. When developing the content of classes, the following are provided:
- the use of various types of movements;
- the inclusion of outdoor games of different intensity: games with running, jumping, climbing, throwing and throwing objects, competition games, relay race games, sports games and exercises, folk games, spatial orientation games, developmental games -tye attention, dexterity and accuracy in performing various actions.
The purpose of our study was to study the effect on the child's body various forms creative YES. We used pedometer, timing, heart rate monitoring. Significant individual differences were revealed in the DA indicators of children aged 4-7 years. About 60% are hyperactive and sedentary children with deviations in psychophysical development.
For hyperactive children attention deficit disorder is characteristic, which prevents them from listening to an adult intently, clearly and completely completing tasks. They are characterized by aggressiveness, conflict, motor disinhibition, disorganization, fussiness, impulsiveness, irascibility, mood variability. They have poorly formed mechanisms of self-regulation of activity and behavior. They need to be given motor tasks to develop the eye, strength and accuracy of the throw (rolling a hoop, a ball into the collars, throwing various objects at a target from a distance of 3-6 m, throwing a stuffed ball from behind the head and from different initial positions, rolling the ball with one hand between objects).
Along with hyperactive children, anxiety causes sedentary children. They, as a rule, often get sick and have some functional deviations. They are characterized by low DA, weak endurance, a significant lag in the development of the main types of movement (running, jumping, throwing, throwing and catching a ball) from age standards. Sedentary children are not confident in their abilities, they refuse to perform complex motor tasks, and also to participate in collective games. They are characterized by monotonous low-intensive activity with a predominance of the static component. The majority have inertia, passivity, indifference, touchiness, tearfulness, unwillingness to contact with peers. These children are suitable for games and exercises to develop speed, speed of movement and endurance, to switch from one type of activity to another.
Research materials testify: balanced children with a favorable level of YES quickly learn the rules of games, the content of game exercises; an explanation and one or two demonstrations by the teacher are enough for them. Children with low level YES we need a slow-motion display of individual elements of movements with a clear, detailed and repeated explanation, the presence of a friendly and calm environment.
The accumulation of motor experience occurs in the game. In the process of playing lessons, children travel in the world of fairy tales, imitating the actions of heroes, demonstrate their motor skills and skills, gradually acquire the habit of a healthy lifestyle. In addition, they master different actions, learn to control their behavior.
To develop in children the ability to creatively solve problems in outdoor games, we used search and experimental methods(questions, riddles, cards, diagrams, etc.) that help awaken imagination, create game images, new rules, different movements (dance, rhythmic, sports), playing around with objects and benefits.
In the course of classes, one should not forget about interdisciplinary connections. For example, when children are doing frog jumping, the teacher can use their knowledge of wildlife to compare frogs and toads and ask questions about what they have in common and how they differ from each other. The game form of conducting classes in the air contributes to the fact that in the process of the game, children show interest and creativity, learn the rules faster.
Children attending GOU No. 1881 have the second health group (functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system), however, in working with them, much attention is paid to the development of endurance as the most important factor in increasing their functional capabilities. This is facilitated primarily by the correct combination physical activity of different intensity, alternating with active rest.
Each physical education lesson, held outdoors during the warm season, begins with a light jog. To maintain a certain pace and rhythm of running and in order to prevent fatigue of children, the physical education instructor runs ahead, and the teacher runs behind. Gradually, from lesson to lesson, the distance increases. For children who find it difficult to overcome it and who need an individual pace of running, medical monitoring is carried out. Based on a comprehensive examination of each child, the doctor makes recommendations regarding the duration and pace of running, taking into account the capabilities of children, takes an active part in all sports and recreational activities. This allows you to create conditions under which each child is able to perform a load that is feasible for him, contributing to his physical development and body training.
After the children have overcome one or another distance (from 200 to 500 m), breathing exercises are carried out (several times during the lesson). Children should be taught to breathe properly and to perform breathing exercises: this contributes to the development of the respiratory muscles, especially the muscles that provide deep inspiration.
Physical education classes on the street in the senior group - Penzulaeva L.I.
SEPTEMBER. Lesson 1
Tasks. Exercise children in building in columns; repeat exercises in balance and jumps.
I part. Building in a line, checking posture and alignment. Game exercise "Quickly in the column." Building in three columns (in front of each column there is a colored landmark - a cube or a skittle. At the signal of the teacher, the children scatter throughout the hall (platform), at the next signal (after 20-25 seconds) everyone must find their place in the column (link). Wins the column in which the children quickly found their places in it.The game is repeated.
II part. Game exercises.
2 An activity marked with two asterisks (**) is held on the court (or indoors, depending on weather conditions) in the form of game exercises.
"Penguins". The players form a circle (Fig. 1). Everyone has a bag of sand in their hands. The teacher invites the children to hold the bag between their knees, and then jump on two legs, moving in a circle. The distance between children should be at least 0.5 m so that they do not interfere with each other. First, jumps are performed in one direction, then stop, turn; the task is repeated.
"Don't miss." Children line up in 2-3 circles, each has two bags in their hands. In the center of each circle at a distance of 2.5 m from the children lies a hoop. At the signal of the teacher, the children throw the bags at the target (hoop), trying to hit it. The teacher marks those who hit, then the children run after the bags. The exercise is repeated 2-3 times.
"On the bridge". A track is laid out from cords or slats (width 15-20 cm). The teacher invites the children to walk along it on their toes, hands on their belts, while maintaining a stable balance and correct posture (2-3 times).
The mobile game "Traps" (with ribbons). Children become in a circle, each child has a colored ribbon tucked into the back of the belt. There is a trap in the center of the circle. At the signal of the teacher "One, two, three - catch!" The children run around the playground. The trap runs after the players, trying to pull the ribbon from someone. At the signal of the teacher: “One, two, three - run in a circle!” -everyone forms a circle. The teacher offers to raise their hands to those who have lost the ribbon, that is, lost, and counts them. The trap returns the ribbons to the children, the game is repeated with a new driver.
III part. The game of low mobility "Who has the ball?".
SEPTEMBER. Lesson 2
Tasks. Repeat walking and running between objects, scattered, with a stop at the signal of the teacher, jumping exercises. Develop agility in running; learn game exercises with a ball.
I part. Building in one line, checking alignment and posture, explaining the task. Walking in a column one at a time, at the signal of the teacher, the transition to walking between objects, then running. Walking and running in alternation. The signal is given to walk in all directions, then to run in all directions.
II part. Game exercises.
"Pass the ball." The players are divided into 3-4 teams and lined up in columns. The first players have one in their hands. big ball(diameter 20-25 cm). At the signal of the educator, the ball begins to be passed back with two hands above the head (behind the head) by the players standing behind. As soon as the player standing last in the column receives the ball, he quickly runs, stands in front of the column and passes the ball back again. The winner is the team whose players quickly completed the exercise and never dropped the ball. The game task is repeated 2 times.
"Do not back." In parallel, skittles (5-6 pieces) are placed in two rows at a distance of 40 cm from one another. The players stand in two lines, the teacher explains the task, and one player from each team performs it. Then the children are rebuilt in two columns and one after another, trying not to touch the skittles, run through the “snake”. As soon as all the players in the column run, the one standing first raises his hand up. The winning team is announced, the game task is repeated.
Mobile game "We are funny guys." Children stand on one side of the playground beyond the line. The second line is drawn on the opposite side of the site. There is a trap in the center of the site. The choir players say:
We, funny guys, Love to run and jump, Well, try to catch up with us. One, two, three - catch!
After the word "catch!" the children run across to the other side of the playground, and the trap catches them. The child that the trap has time to pin down before he crosses the line is considered to be caught, steps aside and misses one run. After two runs, another trap is selected. The game is repeated 3-4 times.
III part. The game of low mobility "Find and keep silent."
September. Lesson 3
Tasks. Repeat running, duration up to J minutes, jumping exercise. Develop dexterity and eye, coordination of movements.
I part. Walking in a column one at a time on toes, hands on the belt, transition to running for up to 1 minute; transition to normal walking.
II part. Game exercises.
"Don't get caught." A circle is drawn (indicated by a cord) on the ground (floor), in the center of the circle there are 2-3 leaders. At the signal of the teacher, the children begin to jump on two legs into and out of the circle as the leaders approach.
If the driver touches one of the players, he is considered a loser, but does not drop out of the game. After 30-40 seconds, the game stops, the number of losers is counted, a new driver is selected from among those who have never been caught, the game is repeated.
"Ball against the wall" The players stand in front of the wall (this can be a shield made of plywood, boards) at a distance of 2-3 m, each child has a small ball in their hands. Children arbitrarily (each at their own pace) throw the ball against the wall and catch it after bouncing off the ground (floor).
Mobile game "Quickly take it". Children form a circle and, at the signal of the teacher, walk or run around objects (cubes, cones, pebbles), which should be one or two less than children. On the signal: “Quickly take it!” - each player must take an object and raise it above his head. The one who did not have time to pick up the item is considered the loser. The game is repeated 2-3 times.
III part. Walking in a column one at a time between objects placed in one line.
SEPTEMBER. Lesson 4
Tasks. Practice running on long distance, in jumps, repeat tasks with the ball, developing dexterity and eye.
I part. Walking in a column one by one, transition to running, continuous, up to 1 minute at a moderate pace; loose walking.
II part. Game exercises.
"Catch the ball." The players are divided into threes. Two guys stand at a distance of 2-2.5 m from each other and throw the ball, and the third is between them and tries to touch the ball or catch it. If the driver touches the ball or catches it, then he changes places with the loser, and the game continues. The game stops at the signal of the teacher.
The teacher offers the children to distribute themselves so that they are approximately equal in height and their motor abilities.
"Be smart." The teacher places skittles in two lines at a distance of 40 cm from one another. The players line up in two columns and, on a signal, the first child in each column begins to jump on two legs between the pins. Having reached the finish line, he returns to his column with a step. The task is performed by the next player.
"Find your color." At different ends of the site, the teacher puts skittles of different colors in small circles. The players are tightly packed around them. At the first prearranged signal of the educator, everyone scatters around the site in all directions. To another signal: "Find your color!" - each player must not only find his color, but also not drop the pin. The winners are the players who built the correct circle, did not hit the object and did not confuse the location of their circle.
III part. Walking in a column one at a time; between the pins without touching them (the distance between the pins is 50 cm).
OCTOBER. Lesson 1
Tasks. Repeat walking with high knees; acquaint with dribbling with the right and left hand (basketball elements)
practice jumping.
I part. Building in a line, rebuilding in a column one at a time. Walking with high hips; continuous running up to 1 minute; transition to walking.
II part. Game exercises.
Children are divided into two groups (boys and girls), each child takes a ball. The teacher first gives the task to the girls: hit the ball with the right and left hands in place, then dribbling the ball in place and in motion alternately with the right and left hands; while the palm is bent in the form of a cup, the fingers are comfortably apart. Dribbling begins with a gentle movement of the brush. After the demonstration and explanation, the girls perform the exercises independently on the spot and on the move, and the teacher works with a group of boys.
The boys are divided into pairs, stand opposite each other at a distance of 2-3 m and pass the ball to each other with their right and left feet. The teacher reminds that during the transfer the ball should not be sent with great force, and even more so it should not fall above the level of the lower leg. At the command of the teacher, the children send the ball to each other with their right and left feet, but without letting it go far from themselves.
Mobile game "Don't get caught". The players are located around the cord, laid out on the floor in the form of a circle. There are two leaders in the center of the circle. At the signal of the teacher, the children jump on two legs into the circle and back out of the circle as the traps approach. The player who managed to "tarnish" receives a penalty point. After 50 seconds, the game stops, the losers are counted, the game is repeated with new drivers.
OCTOBER. Lesson 2
Tasks. Exercise in walking and running; learn playing exercises with the ball; repeat game exercises with running and jumping.
I part. Building in a line, rebuilding in a column one at a time. Walking in a column one at a time on toes, hands on the belt; transition to running at a moderate pace for up to 1 minute and walking.
II part. Game exercises. "Pass the ball" (basketball version).
All players receive one large ball each. The teacher shows the children how to dribble the ball - move slightly bent legs leaning the body forward. The hand leading the ball is bent at the elbow, and the hand with freely spaced fingers is superimposed on the ball from above and away from you. The teacher explains that you need to dribble the ball somewhat to the side of yourself, evenly. Invites children to dribble on the spot, and then, moving forward a distance of 5-6 meters. The guys should be positioned so as not to interfere with each other. You can divide the children into two groups - one group will perform the exercise in place, and the other in motion, then they change tasks.
"The ball to the driver." The players are divided into 2-3 teams. Each team is built in a circle, in the center of each circle is the leader with the ball in his hands. The drivers throw the ball to the players of their circle in turn and get it back. When the ball goes around all the players, the driver raises it above his head and says “Done!” (Fig. 4).
"Don't get caught." Game exercise with jumps.
III part. Walking in a column one at a time.
OCTOBER. Lesson 3
Tasks. Exercise in walking and running with stepping over obstacles, continuous running for up to 1 minute; introduce you to the game of badminton; repeat the game exercise with jumps.
I part. Walking in a column one at a time with stepping over 5-6 ditch laid at a distance of one step of the child; running with jumping over objects (on the other side of the site, placing bars, height 10 cm) the distance between them is 70-80 cm), normal walking. Run at an average pace for up to 1 minute.
II part. Game exercises.
"Pass each other." The teacher offers the boys an image! pairs and take one ball. Passing (passing) the ball alternately howling and left foot to each other. The distance is arbitrary (depending on skills and abilities).
"Refuse the shuttlecock." Girls are also divided into pairs. In the hands of one of the pair is a racket, the other has a racket and a shuttlecock. The teacher shows how to toss the shuttlecock, hit it with a racket, directing in this direction. Another player must beat the shuttlecock back, the main thing is that the shuttlecock falls to the ground as rarely as possible. This is not an easy task. At the command of the teacher, children can change tasks.
"Be smart" (relay). The players are built in two columns of the original line. The first player in each column starts jumping on two legs between objects (cubes, balls, skittles) to the designated finish line and returns step by step to the end of his column, each next player starts the exercise after the leader crosses the finish line. Repeat 2 times.
III part. Walking in a column one at a time.
OCTOBER. Lesson 4
Tasks. Develop endurance in running up to 1.5 minutes; learn the game "Planting potatoes"; exercise in jumping, develop attention in the game "Entertainers".
I part. Walking in a column one by one with a “snake” between objects, running at an average pace for up to 1.5 minutes, walking
scattered.
II part. Game exercises.
"Planting Potatoes" Children are built in 3-4 columns in front of the start line. The children standing first in the column have in their hands a bag (basket) with 4-5 small items - potatoes. Opposite the columns, 10 m from the starting line, circles are drawn (it is better to put mugs made of cardboard or plywood on the floor).
At the signal of the teacher, the first player in each column runs to his circles and lays out potatoes one at a time in each circle, then returns back with an empty bag and passes it to the next player in his column. The second players run to the circles, collect potatoes in bags, return and pass them on, so some players plant potatoes while others collect them. The team whose players completed the task quickly and without losses wins. The game begins at the command of the teacher, then the players start running after they receive a full or empty bag in their hands. The game is repeated no more than two times.
"Hit in the basket" (basketball version). Ball players are located at the basket in a semicircle, and the teacher shows how to throw the ball: the legs are slightly apart and bent, the ball in both hands at the chest is the starting position; describing a small arc down on yourself and straightening your arms up, throw the ball with simultaneous extension of the legs. The fingers at the same time gently push the ball into the basket. After showing and explaining, the children alternately in a column one at a time (10-12 children) throw the ball from a place into the basket. The second group of children at this time performs the task with the ball “Pass the ball” (driving the ball with one hand at a distance of 4-5 meters) . At the command of the teacher, the children change places and tasks.
The mobile game "Catch-Running".
A leader is chosen - an entertainer who stands in the center of the circle formed by the children. Holding hands, the children walk in a circle to the right and left, saying:
In an even circle one after another We go step by step. Stay where you are! Let's do this together...
Children stop, lower their hands; the entertainer shows some movement, and all players must repeat it. The game is repeated with another driver (3-4 times).
NOVEMBER. Lesson 1
Tasks. Repeat run; game exercises with the ball, in balance and jumping.
I part. Building in a line, rebuilding in a column one at a time; walking in a column one at a time, to the signal of the educator: “Stop!” -stay; running at an average pace lasting up to 1 minute, switching to loose walking.
II part. Game exercises.
"Ball against the wall" One group of children receives balls and is built in one line in front of the wall (fence). The task is given to throw the ball against the wall and catch it after bouncing on the ground. The distance to the wall is 2 meters.
"Catch the ball." Another group of children is divided into threes. Two people stand at a distance of 2 meters from each other, and the third player is between them (Fig. 5). The players throw the ball to each other, and the third player tries to touch it with his hand or catch it. If he succeeds, he switches places with the loser. At the command of the teacher, the children finish the exercises and change places.
"Do not back." The teacher places skittles in two rows at a distance of 30 cm from one another. Children line up in two columns and walk on their toes between the pins, trying not to hit or drop them. The team that completes the task most deftly (2-3 times) wins.
Mobile game "Mousetrap".
III part. The game of low mobility "Guess by the voice."
NOVEMBER. Lesson 2
Tasks. Repeat running with stepping over objects, developing coordination of movements; develop dexterity in the game task with the ball, exercise in running.
I part. Walking in a column one at a time, at the command of the educator, transition to running with stepping over the cords (pigtails) alternately with the right and left legs, without a pause; loose walking, at the command of the educator: “Stop!” - stop and stand on one leg, hands on the belt. Exercises in walking and running are carried out in alternation.
I part. Game exercises.
"The ball to the driver." Players are built in 3-4 columns. At a distance of 2 meters from the first players, they become leaders with the ball in their hands. The teacher marks with a line (cord) the starting lines for the players and for the drivers. At the signal of the educator, the drivers throw the balls to the first players in the columns, and they return them to the drivers and run to the end of their column, so the entire column gradually moves to the starting line. When the player who started the game is again the first in the column, he raises his hand up - the team won. The game is repeated.
"On the bridge". A track is laid out from cords or slats (width 15-20 cm). The teacher offers to walk along the "bridge" on toes, hands behind the head. The length of the track is 2.5-3 m. Repeat 2 times.
The mobile game "Traps with ribbons."
III part. Game of low mobility "Entertainers".
NOVEMBER. Lesson 3
A task. Exercise in running, developing endurance; in throwing the ball in the ranks. Repeat game exercises with jumping and running.
I part. Walking in a column one at a time, running at an average pace for up to 1.5 minutes; loose walking.
II part. Game exercises.
"Throw and catch." Children are built in two lines, the distance between the lines is 2.5 m, a “corridor” 0.5 m wide is drawn at an equal distance from each. The guys have balls in one line. At the command of the educator, the players throw the balls into the “corridor” with their right (or left) hand, and the players in the second rank catch the balls with both hands after the rebound.
"Jump over - do not touch." Children are built in three or four columns. The teacher along the hall (platform) puts a cord (rope) 4 meters long. Starting position- standing on the side of the cord, hands arbitrarily. Jumping on two legs through the cord on the right and left, without pauses, moving forward.
"Traps in pairs." Children are built in two lines at a distance of 3-4 steps from one another, at the command of the teacher: “Run!” - the guys in the first line run away, the players in the second line each catch up with their pair before they cross the finish line (distance 10-12 m). After two runs, the children switch roles.
III part. The game of low mobility "Flies - does not fly."
NOVEMBER. Lesson 4
Tasks. Repeat running with overcoming obstacles; repeat game exercises with jumping, running and ball.
I part. Walking in a column one at a time; walking between objects placed in a row (on one side of the hall), running with stepping over obstacles (cubes, bars, stuffed balls).
II part. Game exercises.
"Ball against the wall" One group of children stands at a distance of 2-3 meters from the wall (fence) and throws the ball against the wall and catches it after it bounces on the ground. Another group of children throws the ball up and catches it with both hands. At the command of the teacher; children change places and tasks.
The game "Traps - dashes."
Mobile game "Fishing rod".
III part. Walking in a column one at a time.
DECEMBER. Lesson 1
Tasks. Learn game exercises with running and jumping, exercise in throwing snowballs at a distance.
I part. Walking and running between the snowy buildings behind the leader at a moderate pace, walking and running in all directions.
II part. Game exercises.
"Who will throw further." Children are distributed throughout the site, each child makes 4-5 snowballs. The first group of children goes to the starting line. The task is given to throw snowballs to the pins (placed in one line at a distance of 4-5 m from the starting line), trying to knock them down. The second line, to which you should throw, is at a distance of 5-6 m and the third - at a distance of 8-10 m. The most accurate players are noted. The second group of children is invited.
"Do not back." The teacher puts the pins in one line (the distance between the pins is 50 cm), 6-8 pieces. The task is given to quickly pass between the pins and not touch them. The game exercise is performed in two columns.
Two houses are marked on opposite sides of the site, the players are located in one of the houses. Leading - Frost Red Nose becomes in the middle of the site facing the players and says:
I'm Frost Red Nose.
Which one of you decides
To go on a path?
The players respond in unison:
We are not afraid of threats
And we are not afraid of frost.
After the word “frost”, the children run across the playground to another house, and the driver catches up with them and tries to touch them with his hand, “freeze”. "Frozen" stop at the place where they were touched, and until the end of the dash they stand without moving. The teacher, together with Frost, counts the number of “frozen”. After each dash, a new Frost is chosen. At the end of the game, they compare which driving Frost froze more players.
Ill part. Walking in a column one at a time between the snowy buildings behind the most dexterous Frost.
DECEMBER. Lesson 2
Tasks. Repeat walking and running between snowy buildings; exercise in jumping on two legs to a snowman; throwing snowballs at a target.
I part. Building in a column one at a time, walking and running after the teacher between the snowy buildings; pace of walking and running is moderate.
II part. Game exercises.
"Absolutely on target." The players make several snowballs and line up at the starting line. At the signal of the teacher, throwing snowballs at a vertical target (shield, fence) from a distance of 3 m with the right and left hands.
"Who is faster to the snowman." The players are located around the snowman at an equal distance from him (3-4 m), each has a snowball in front of their feet. At the signal of the teacher, the children jump on two legs to the snowman, then turn around and jump in the opposite direction to the snowball, take it and raise it over their heads. The exercise is repeated 2-3 times. Children who quickly and correctly completed the task are noted.
"Let's go over the bridge." Walking on a snow bank in a column one at a time, freely balancing with your hands. Get off at the end of the bridge without jumping off. The teacher provides insurance.
Mobile game "Frost Red Nose".
III part. Walking in a column one at a time. The game of low mobility "Find the object."
DECEMBER. Lesson 3
Tasks. Develop the rhythm of skiing; practice jumping on two legs; repeat game exercises with running and throwing snowballs at a horizontal target.
I part. One group of children is engaged with a teacher - skiing is carried out (distance 40-50 m).
The second group of children at this time makes snowballs and lays them out in slides (each child makes snowballs for himself) along the designated line (cord, rope).
After showing and explaining, the children in two columns perform exercises in balance at an average pace, the teacher provides insurance. Next, jumps over the bars are performed without a pause in a streaming way. The focus is on vigorously pushing off the floor and landing on half-bent legs. Children are rebuilt in two lines, in the hands of one group of children there are balls. At the command of the teacher, the children throw the balls to each other (with two hands from below, from behind the head).
Mobile game "Bear and bees". III part. Walking in a column one at a time.
DECEMBER. Lesson 4
Tasks. Repeat skiing with a sliding step; learn game exercises with a stick and a puck; develop coordination of movements and stable balance when sliding along an ice track.
I part. Walking at an average pace between the ice buildings behind the caregiver without breaking the chain.
II part. Game exercises.
One group of children, under the guidance of a teacher, performs skiing with a sliding step. The second group of children (after showing and explaining) performs a game exercise with a puck and stick. From the snow they make a gate (in advance) 1.5 m wide and 0.5 m deep. From a distance of 2 m, the players alternately try to drive the puck into them. To increase the motor activity of children, you can make several gates (2-3 pieces). At the signal of the teacher, the children change tasks. The time is calculated according to the exercise in skiing.
"On the track". On a compacted snow path, a segment 4-6 m long and 40-50 cm wide is poured. The players energetically scatter across the snow and slide along the icy path, trying to ride as far as possible. On the side, you can put landmarks (colored cubes or skittles) with a distance indication to mark who will slide further. The teacher marks the most dexterous children.
Mobile game "We are funny guys."
III part. Walking in a column one by one at a moderate pace behind the teacher (“tourists”
JANUARY. Lesson 1
Tasks. Continue to teach children to move along the training track; repeat game exercises.
I part. Building in a column one at a time; walking and running between the ice buildings at an average pace behind the leader.
II part. The first group of children, divided into pairs (approximately equal in physical abilities), ride each other on a sled.
The second group is built in one line and takes steps on skis to the right and left by stepping over under the guidance of a teacher. Walking on a training track at a distance of up to 80 m. At the command of the teacher, the children change tasks - one group gets on skis, the second starts sledding each other.
"Knock down the pin." Children of the first group make snowballs and stand on the starting line in a line. At a distance of 4-5 m from them, colored skittles are placed. At the command of the educator: "Drop it!" - children throw snowballs, trying to knock down skittles. The guys who managed to hit the target are noted. Then the throwing is performed by the second group of children.
Mobile game "Traps in pairs".
III part. Walking in a column one at a time. From pins (cubes, snowballs), the teacher makes a path (the distance between objects is 50 cm). It is proposed to first pass, and then run between objects without hitting them. Repeat 2-3 times.
JANUARY. Lesson 2
Tasks. To consolidate the skill of a sliding step in skiing; repeat game exercises with running and throwing.
I part. One group of children, split into pairs, sledding. The teacher reminds that you need to sit on the sled close to each other, put your feet on the skids. The one sitting first holds on to the cord, pulling it towards himself, and the one sitting behind holds on to the first with his hands at about the level of the belt. During the second descent, the children change places.
The second group of children, under the guidance of a teacher, performs skiing with a sliding step. At the command of the teacher, the children change places. If the group is small, then at first it is advisable to ski at the same time with all the children, and then sledding from the hill.
II part. Game exercises.
"Who quickly".
III part. The game of low mobility "Let's find a hare."
JANUARY. Lesson 3
Tasks. To consolidate the skill of a sliding step in skiing; repeat game exercises with running, jumping and throwing snowballs for a distance.
I part. Building in a column one by one on skis; skiing with a gliding step while maintaining a distance between children.
II part. Game exercises.
“Run - do not hit” - running between snowballs laid in one line, 2 times.
"Who will throw further." Children make snowballs and line up on the starting line. At the command of the educator: "Drop it!" - Throwing snowballs at a distance. Skittles or colored flags are placed for reference. The teacher notes the children who threw the snowballs further than others.
Mobile game "Frost Red Nose"
III part. Walking "snake" between the ice buildings.
JANUARY. Lesson 4
Tasks. Repeat game exercises with running and jumping, throwing snowballs at a target and at a distance.
I part. Building in a column one at a time, rebuilding in a circle; walking around the snowman holding hands. At the command of the teacher, the children walk slowly at first, then accelerate the movement and start running. After 2-3 circles, the teacher stops the children and offers walking and running in the other direction, changing the direction of movement.
II part. Game exercises.
"Right in the circle." The teacher puts 3 hoops on the floor, invites the children to stand at a distance of 2-3 m from them, putting snowballs at their feet (the children first make three snowballs each). On a signal, the guys throw j
snowballs in a circle with one hand from below. The number of snowballs can be increased.
"Who is next?" Children are built in two lines. At the signal of the teacher, the children of the first line throw three snowballs at a distance. As a guide, you can put skittles (cubes) at a distance of 6, 8, 10 m. The teacher notes the farthest throws. Then the second group does the same task.
Mobile game "Traps".
III part. Walking for the most dexterous trap.
FEBRUARY. Lesson 1
Tasks. Learn turns on skis; repeat game exercises with running and jumping.
I part. Formation in a line, explanation of the task. Turns on skis to the right and to the left; gliding step skiing (the whole group participates).
II part. Game exercises.
"In places". On opposite sides of the site, sleds are placed in two lines, the distance between the lines is 10-12 m. Children stand near the sled in pairs. At the signal of the teacher, the players scatter around the site, circle in different directions. To the signal: "In places!" - each child must take his place on the sled as quickly as possible.
"Downhill". Sledding downhill in pairs. The main condition is to maintain a distance from each other to prevent injuries.
III part. Walking in a column one at a time.
FEBRUARY. Lesson 2
Tasks. Exercise children in walking on a ski track with a sliding step, repeat turns on skis, game exercises with a puck, sliding along an icy track.
I part. Construction: one group of children on skis, the second - with sleds.
Children of the first group ride each other on sleds in turn and move down the hill in pairs. The rules are reminded: in order to avoid injuries, climb the hill only in the designated place.
The second group is built in one line on skis and turns right and left; exercise "Spring" - flexion and extension of the knees, squatting; skiing for a distance of up to 100 m. At the command of the teacher, the children change places and tasks.
II part. Game exercises.
"Exact pass". The players are divided into pairs, each child has a stick in his hands, one child in a pair also has a puck in his hands. Children stand at a distance of 2-2.5 m from each other and throw the puck with smooth, gentle movements so that it hits the partner’s stick exactly.
"On the track". The second group of children, under the supervision of a teacher, slides along 2-3 ice paths, running up in the snow. For safety reasons, until one child leaves the ice track, the second does not start the run, and each person who completes the task must quickly step aside.
Mobile game "Frost Red Nose".
III part. Walking at an average pace between the ice buildings.
FEBRUARY. Lesson 3
Tasks. Exercise in skiing, throwing snowballs at a distance; repeat game exercises with running and jumping.