What is overweight? It is a field of study in endocrinology and dietetics and is of interest to many areas of medicine as one of the predictive factors. various diseases. According to statistics, children and adults are equally susceptible to obesity. Obesity is often accompanied by sleep disturbance, posture, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Against the background of increased body weight, it is recommended to conduct examinations more often, follow medical recommendations to reduce excess body weight. To eliminate obesity, patients undergo a course of treatment from medication and physiotherapy correction. Many people have to follow a long-term regimen of therapeutic nutrition. Complications of being overweight are always serious, which is why it is so important to take care of your own health in the early stages of the development of pathology.

The nature of the pathology

Obesity (from the Latin "obesitas" - nourishment, fullness) is characterized by excessive accumulation of fatty tissue in human body. The pathology is characterized by a chronic course, since the processes of accumulation and preservation of fat in the subcutaneous structures last for years. In rare cases, patients gain weight within a few weeks. Violation of the mass, that is, the primary process, occurs due to overeating, inactivity, lack of proper diet. The development of complications against this background is secondary. All of them bring colossal harm to health, often irreversible.

Obesity is determined not only by measuring weight, but also by measuring the volume of subcutaneous fat. In clinical practice, the following indicators are of particular importance for determining body weight:

• body mass index (fat index or BMI);
• waist circumference;
• parameters of the ratio of waist and hips;
• anthropometric indicators (measurements of skin folds).

Important! Body mass index is a determining factor in the clinical diagnosis of obesity. Patients can independently determine the possible risks of the appearance of pathology using conventional weighing.

Stages of obesity and calculations

Overweight in patients is classified according to the severity of the course according to the change in body mass index (BMI). Clinicians distinguish 4 main stages in the development of pathological fat accumulation:

• Stage 1 - BMI varies from 25 to 30 kg / m 2;
• Stage 2 - BMI ranges from 40 kg / m 2;
• Stage 3 - BMI varies from 40 to 50 kg / m 2;
• Stage 4 - BMI exceeds 50 kg / m 2.

Already at the first stage of the development of pathology, patients feel the first signs: nausea, shortness of breath even with slight physical exertion, fatigue, sweating. Early obesity provokes exacerbation of existing chronic diseases, entails the formation of new pathological abnormalities. Excess weight is directly related to a change in the function of many internal organs or systems.

Calculation rules

Body weight is considered superfluous, at which BMI strongly deviates from the norm in relation to the height and body weight of the patient. Today, there are many methods for determining excess weight in people of any age, but the simplest one is calculated by the formula: height in cm - 100. The resulting value should vary within an error of 10%. A strong excess indicates the presence of excess body weight. There is an example for calculation rules. So, height 180 cm, weight 90 kg. According to the formula, 180-100=80 kg. 10% of 80 = 8, which means the optimum for this patient is from 72 to 88 kg. Calculations indicate an excess of the recommended weight by 2 kg.

These calculations are quite approximate, which is unacceptable in the diagnosis of obesity with serious complications, as well as in childhood. To eliminate an error of 10%, doctors resort to calculating BMI using the formula: weight (kg) divided by height in meters squared. In the calculations, you can focus on the following example. Height 180 cm, weight 90 kg. BMI = 90 / 3.24 = 27.7. This indicator means pre-obese according to the classification of overweight.

Weight control can be done at home. You need to weigh yourself every morning, on an empty stomach, after going to the toilet. For the accuracy of the data, it is better to weigh yourself without clothes or in the same clothes. In addition to weighing, you can measure waist circumference once a week to determine by doctors the redistribution of fat over a certain period of time.

Physiology

Physiological or metabolic processes in overweight are changes in the composition and volume of fats, proteins, carbohydrates. The mechanism of fat formation is due precisely to violations in the digestion and assimilation of these main components. Entering the digestive tract, fats break down into fatty acids, fats and glycerol compounds. One part is absorbed through the intestinal walls and distributed throughout the body for the implementation of biochemical processes, the other is deposited in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, provoking the accumulation of fat volume.

Carbohydrates in the complex processes of food digestion are transformed into monosaccharides (breaking down into fructose and glucose) and enter the bloodstream. In muscle and liver structures, monosaccharides are converted into glycogen, and in excess they are deposited in subcutaneous fat. In the exchange of carbohydrate-containing compounds, insulin is of key importance. It is he who converts glucose into glycogen, deposits it in adipose tissue.

In fat metabolites, leptin plays a huge role, which prevents excessive fat accumulation. Metabolic disorders lead to gynecological diseases and endocrine disorders in women, provoke sexual impotence in men, and other serious pathologies of vital organs.

Features in children

The definition of excess weight, as well as diagnostic measures for obesity in children, differ significantly from adults. The difference is due to the constant change in the height and body weight of the child at a certain age. BMI is especially difficult to calculate during puberty, during the period of rapid growth of the skeleton.

Girls during puberty and later have physiologically more body fat than boys. BMI indicators at one age can signal the occurrence of obesity, and at another state the absolute norm. In clinical practice, a special chart is used to determine the health of a child at different ages.

So, if the BMI of a child exceeds the BMI of other children by 10%, then it can be attributed to the risk group. If the child's BMI exceeds more than 90% of the BMI of other children in the measurement group, then there is clearly obesity. Parents need to be attentive to the development and physique of their own child. High BMI against the background of active physical life, sports is a signal of the development of pathological conditions in the child's body.

Predisposing factors

The main causes of overweight are considered to be violations of biochemical processes inside the body caused by various internal or external factors. The triggers for the development of pathology can be considered:

1. Metabolic disorders. The mechanism for the development of metabolic disorders is simple - a person consumes more energy than he spends in a day. Abundance, excessive eating, nighttime snacking - all this leads to body fat.
2. genetic factors. With a hereditary predisposition, the likelihood of being overweight (including diseases that led to obesity) in children with overweight parents is significantly increased.
3. Sedentary lifestyle. Sports and daily workouts consume fats, provoke the strengthening of muscle tissue, and prevent the deposition of fatty tissue in the subcutaneous tissue.
4. Lack of diet, bad habits. Alcohol (especially beer) contributes to the disruption of metabolic processes in the body, leads to the deposition of fat in the thighs and abdomen in men, women, and adolescents. Eating at different times, snacking on fast food and eating aggressive foods (salty, spicy, sour, fried) contribute to the development of obesity.

Lack of normal balanced diet in children different ages quickly leads to an increase in body mass index. In developed countries, it is customary to monitor the weight of the child, and with predisposing factors, engage in regular prevention of dangerous obesity. Of particular importance are active games and physical education at school, in kindergarten.

Symptoms and signs

In some patients, even a 5-10% deviation from the normal weight can cause some discomfort in the form of heaviness, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, and shortness of breath. With a significant deviation of BMI from the norm, all categories of obese patients experience characteristic signs:

• severe shortness of breath with little physical exertion;
• bouts of hunger;
• menstrual irregularities in women;
• swelling of limbs, face in the morning;
• stretch marks (small striae) in the neck, décolleté, thigh and abdomen;
• arterial hypertension.

As the pathological condition develops, the way of life of the patient also changes: physical activity decreases, the psychological state is disturbed. Adolescents tend to be left alone because of the ridicule of their peers, self-esteem and personality assessment breaks down. For many obese people, being overweight means being alone, eating too much food. An important part The therapy for this disease is psychological help.

Effects

Excess fat always has serious complications, as it is the determining link in many diseases. For the prevention and treatment of almost any somatic pathology, weight loss or stabilization of normal weight, an active lifestyle and dietary nutrition are important. The negative impact of fat on the musculoskeletal system cannot be underestimated. So, even 3-4 kg of excess weight exert a daily load on the spine, lower limbs, leading to the development of destructive-degenerative processes. Particularly important consequences of obesity include:

1. Cardiological diseases. When overweight, the heart needs to work several times faster, which leads to the development of hypertension and hypertension. Cholesterol accumulates in the vessels, forming plaques - a common cause of atherosclerotic changes, heart attacks and strokes. With hereditary or autoimmune-induced obesity, the patient's clinical history often has left ventricular heart failure.
2. Liver diseases. The liver suffers from the use of poor quality or aggressive food, alcohol. The structures of the liver are oversaturated with fats, causing fatty liver or steatosis. Complications of the disease can be cirrhosis and other destructive processes leading to liver failure and death of the patient.
3. Pathologies of the digestive tract. The stomach and intestines are subject to serious stress when overweight. A distended stomach requires more and more food, the mucous membranes of the internal organs are constantly irritated. Obese patients often suffer from heartburn, flatulence, constipation and unstable stools.
4. The pituitary gland and the thyroid gland. The human endocrine system reacts strongly to weight fluctuations, responding to weight gain. hormonal disruptions, decreased immunity. The main danger from endocrinology is the formation of diabetes mellitus.

Important! Excess weight can cause kidney disease, the formation of oncogenic tumors of various localization and genesis. Joint diseases with an increase in obesity begin to progress, patients experience severe pain in the limbs, limited mobility, up to its complete limitation.

Complications during pregnancy

During pregnancy, women undergo a mandatory monthly examination by a gynecologist to identify possible abnormalities in the development of the fetus. In addition to screening studies and ultrasound of the fetus, the woman herself is also examined, revealing edema, parameters of the growing abdomen, and the woman's weight. Tracking the dynamics of weight allows you to respond in time to strong jumps in BMI. The danger of being overweight during pregnancy is obvious. It can cause:

• the formation of varicose veins of the lower extremities;
• edema;
• arterial hypertension;
• hemorrhoids;
• difficult and long labor due to a large child.

Weight during pregnancy is gaining imperceptibly, a woman allows herself more sweets, starchy foods. Almost all family members are condescending to the preferences of a woman during this period, which is fraught with unpleasant consequences for the body of the child and the woman in labor.

Treatment tactics

Before treating overweight in children and adults, a comprehensive diagnosis is carried out for possible diseases that could provoke an increase in fatty tissue. Additionally, they take blood tests, urine tests of various directions, prescribe instrumental studies if necessary. The treatment of obesity is always complex and involves the following steps:

• medical nutrition;
• sports or exercise therapy;
• massage and apparatus treatment;
• homeopathy and medicines;
• surgical operation (vacuum liposuction is used).

It should be noted that surgical correction is a temporary panacea for excess weight and is ineffective if all other rules are not followed. healthy lifestyle life. When excess fat is removed using a vacuum, it will return again after some time after the patient's transition to the usual way of life. The method has many contraindications, a long recovery period, and complications.

Diet

To provide the body of an adult with all useful and nutritious substances, it is enough to use a single serving of 250 gr. Preference should be given to fresh quality products. The basic rules of clinical nutrition and any diet include:

• food in small portions, but often;
• adherence to the schedule of eating;
• "slow" food with a long chewing of each piece.

Between meals, you should drink clean water without gas, brush your teeth. This way you can prevent hunger. The diet will be effective if the patient leads a socially active lifestyle, participates in many activities, is busy at work. It is only important to remember to eat at certain hours (breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner). The last meal should be 4 hours before bedtime.

If you are slightly overweight, you can drink a course of vitamins and metabolism-improving drugs. All medicines are prescribed by a doctor in a certain dosage, upon agreement (if necessary) with other specialists in the medical profile. AT severe cases patients may need the help of a psychologist or psychiatrist. With a burdened clinical history, it is recommended to prevent the development of exacerbations of various chronic diseases in time.

Obesity is a chronic deposition of fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Pathology is dangerous with complications for the health of children and adults, which is why it is so important to respond in time to any changes in weight. Playing sports, an active lifestyle, attending massage sessions and being attentive to your own body will help you maintain normal weight and make your figure slim.

Today we will talk about health, namely, what problems excess weight creates and its consequences for human health. When someone says - I want to lose weight - most often these people are driven by the desire to look beautiful. Statistics say that 90% of women who turn to specialists are concerned about aesthetics - “I don’t like the way I look”, “I can’t look at myself in the mirror”, “I want to wear fashionable beautiful clothes”.

But men, although they turn to weight loss specialists less often, but if they do, then it’s just for the purpose of health. And rightly so, because being overweight really affects our health.

Being overweight is a health issue

Consequences of being overweight

The list of consequences is quite impressive:

• limited mobility;
• labored breathing;
• high pressure;
• the likelihood of stroke and heart attack;
• increased sugar;
• high cholesterol;
• chronic pancreatitis;
• type 2 diabetes;
• joint problems;
• arthritis;
• bone problems;
• hernia;
• impotence in men and infertility in women;
• high probability of oncological diseases;
• low life expectancy.

These are medical problems of excess weight, there are also problems of a psychological nature:

• low self-esteem;
• depression;
• social inequality;
• less job opportunities.

Overweight is a real problem

And indeed it is. According to statistics, 30% of overweight people do not even realize that they are overweight, and even more so they do not realize the seriousness to which they expose their health. Many people think like this - my whole family is like that and my grandmother with overweight lived to the age of 90. But, as experts say, it's time to stop looking back at our grandparents. We must realize that everything has changed, we live in a different time, we already have a different genetics.

And interestingly, if we consider the list of diseases that may arise due to excess weight, then a person will go to a doctor to treat this disease, but people sometimes do not go to doctors about extra pounds and even obesity, although obesity is included in the register diseases and has its own code.

“I live with this weight for 10 years, I didn’t die”- so many argue. What a misconception if you look at the list above.

Do you want interesting fact? Scientists conducted such a study - if all patients are cured of oncology, then the life expectancy of the population will increase by only one year. And if all obese people are cured, then the life expectancy of the population will increase by four years.

We conclude that excess weight does not lead us to the problem of a fashionable dress or suit, this is a problem of our health, which must be solved if you are overweight and urgently solved if you are obese.

So I will continue the topic of overweight, because we need to know how overweight differs from obesity, how to find out if we have overweight visceral fat and other questions. Follow the blog news. I also suggest watching the video course of Galina Grossman while it is freely available, she useful tips gives on weight loss. Click on the banner.

The problem of excess weight is very acute today. Unfortunately, the number of obese people is growing every day. But who said that you have to put up with it? No, it is extremely necessary to deal with this problem, and you need to start as soon as possible. Just do it wisely, trying not to harm the already affected health. We will tell you where excess weight comes from and what methods for losing weight are most effective.

Before you start fighting for slim figure and a healthy body, it is necessary to know exactly what are the main factors from our Everyday life cause fat to accumulate in various places of the body:

1. Wrong and unbalanced diet. Usually, overweight people consume many more calories daily than their body uses. This is the main reason for the onset of obesity.
2. Sedentary lifestyle. Scientists have long proved that a constant sitting or lying position of the body gradually leads not only to the formation of excess weight, but also to the development of many serious diseases.
3. genetic predisposition. Unfortunately, this is also an important factor. But do not think that if you are disposed to be overweight, then nature itself has determined you to be fat. No, it's not. If you learn to maintain your health and follow the basic rules of a healthy lifestyle, fullness is not terrible even if you have a tendency to it.
4. endocrine disorders. This factor is rather a consequence of the first two reasons on our list. The presence of such disorders can cause irreversible consequences that require long-term treatment, possibly even in a hospital.
5. Constant stress. We have all heard that nerve cells are very difficult to recover, and disruption nervous system slows down many processes in the body. Take care of your psychological health and try to attach importance to minor troubles as little as possible.

Overweight and health - what could be the consequences?

The presence of excess fat in the body leads not only to unaesthetic appearance, but also entails the appearance of serious ailments. Many obese people do not know or simply do not want to know about them:

• fat and carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed, which makes all organs work to the limit;
• increased blood pressure and, as a result, the development of hypertension;
• circulatory disorders;
• atherosclerosis;
• heart attack;
• stroke;
• fatty liver (steatosis);
• whitening of the gastrointestinal tract;
• infertility;
• hormonal imbalance;
• persistent respiratory infections;
• diseases of the spine and joints, etc.

Finding any of the listed ailments in ourselves, we start taking pills and often do not even think about the fact that the main cause of diseases is the accumulated excess subcutaneous fat, which interferes with the normal functioning of human organs.

How much excess weight, how to quickly determine it?

According to experts, you need to calculate your excess weight every six months, since this figure may vary depending on your age and condition. spinal column. So, to find out how much excess weight you have, do the following:

1. Stand on the scale and determine your current weight in kilograms.
2. Define your ideal weight. To do this, use the formula:

• Ideal weight = height (cm) -100.

But here it is worth considering the individual features of the structure of the body. Therefore, if your height is less than 165 cm, your height formula is:

• Ideal weight = height-105.

And if the height is more than 180 cm, then you need to calculate like this:

• Ideal weight = height-110.

3. Now use the following formula:

• Overweight = "current weight" minus "ideal weight".

4. To find out how the amount of your excess weight affects the body and how urgently you need to lose weight, you need to calculate your body mass index (BMI) using the following formula:

• BMI = "current weight" (kg) divided by "height (cm) squared".

The resulting figure has the following meaning:

• less than 16-17.9 - lack of body weight;
• 18-24.9 - the absolute norm of weight;
• 25-29.9 - preobesity;
• 30-34.9 - the first degree of obesity;
• 35-39.9 - second degree;
• 40 and more - the third degree.

How to lose weight

We have selected for you 5 effective methods of natural weight loss without harm to health. What you need is to choose the option that suits you best, gather your willpower and follow our advice.

The fight against excess weight according to the Kovalkov method

Alexey Kovalkov is a modern, very famous Moscow nutritionist who has developed a special nutrition system and physical activity for effective reduction body volumes. It is worth noting that this doctor himself lost more than 50 kg in just six months. His methodology consists of three steps:

1. Preparation - lasts about one month. During this time, the body gradually begins to wean itself from the presence in the diet of products harmful to the figure and health. And take healthy food, which in the future will become the basis of the daily diet. For this period, meat is completely excluded, and weight loss is about 5 kilograms.
2. The main stage is the longest in time. But also the most efficient. During this period, you will learn to eat in a completely new way, bring your weight back to normal and improve your health significantly.
3. Exit from the diet. At this stage, you can slowly introduce forgotten foods back into the diet.

This diet will provide you not only effective weight loss, but also fully restore the lost vitality organism. You can get acquainted with all the features of the Kovalkov diet in more detail.

How to lose weight according to Malakhov's wellness program

Malakhov Gennady is the most famous nutritionist in the whole country, who has written many valuable books on the topic of healing the body and natural weight loss without compromising health. People not only read his books, but also watch special editions of programs with his participation on television, and there are more and more positive reviews from citizens who have tried his system.

The essence of the technique lies in the strict observance of the basic rules of ingestion of food, proper drinking of water and lifestyle. Malakhov's unusual nutrition system may seem difficult to you. But we assure you, the results will not be long in coming. Within a month you will feel much slimmer and healthier. Read more.

How to Lose Weight with the Dukan Diet

Surely you have heard more than once about this method of dealing with excess weight. Despite the fact that the Dukan diet has become known for a very long time, this does not diminish its popularity so far. The thing is that the technique is aimed at consuming a large amount of protein, for the processing of which our body spends twice as much energy as it receives from it. In addition, protein foods will appeal to many. That is why the diet is very easy to tolerate. In just a few months, it is quite possible to completely get rid of excess weight, cleanse the body and restore metabolism. Ours will tell you more about this.

Diet with excess weight according to the Ionova program

Lidia Leonidovna Ionova - famous nutritionist and a wonderful woman who continues to effectively treat the various stages of obesity. The results of her wards are simply amazing. Everyone loses weight, but the result remains for a long time. According to Ionova herself, in order to change your appearance dramatically for the better, you just need to completely change your eating habits. Namely:

• love yourself and your health, want to save it;
• learn to eat the right foods right time and in the right way;
• adhere to the basic canons of a healthy diet.

Want to know more? Read.

Weight Loss Treatment with Fitness by Jillian Michaels

Jillian Michaels is a very famous American fitness trainer. At one time, Gillian was a fat woman, but having started to actively engage, she managed to lose as much as 72 kilograms. She has developed several methods for losing weight, based on exercise. Each of them is unique and aimed at achieving maximum results in different areas of the body. you will be able to learn in detail about each Michaels technique. In addition to information about training, Gillian in her video tutorials tells what nutrition should be like when you are overweight and how not to gain everything that was so hard to lose again.

Overweight in women - interesting facts

1. Scientists from Pennsylvania have proven that if a woman is not able to pay her bills on time, then the percentage of obesity in her increases three times. But men, on the contrary, lose weight in such situations.
2. Swedish researchers recently concluded that being fat is as bad for a lady as smoking ten cigarettes a day.
3. At the end of the nineteenth century, thousands of males went crazy over the famous sex symbol of those times - Lillian Russell. But not everyone knows that she weighed about 90–95 kg, and even the extra weight on Lillian's stomach did not bother the men.
4. Today, many consider coding from being overweight great way lose weight fast for the lazy. But not everyone has the information that obesity is a serious disease of all human organs and systems, which requires special attention to one's body, and it is impossible to get by with coding alone. Leading nutritionists of the country are sure that this procedure is a simple extortion of money. Be carefull.

Ideal forms or excess weight: video

The latest WHO research is shocking. Over the past 50 years, the number of overweight people in the world has doubled. All in the world now 1.4 billion (!) full people. And 500 million have obesity, i.e. extreme form of completeness. Terrifying data, isn't it?

So, what to do and who is to blame? We understand.

How do I know if I am overweight?

First, calculate your BMI: height-to-weight ratio. Here is the formula: weight (kg) : height² (m).

Interpretation of indicators:

• 16–18.5 - underweight;
• 18.5–24.99 - the norm;
• 25–30 - overweight;
• 30 and more - obesity of various degrees.

Where does excess weight come from?

Everything is very simple, the simplest arithmetic - excess weight appears when we get more calories than we spend. As Bridget Jones said, "Your weight is a direct consequence of what you eat at dinner (and at late dinner too)."

Thus, the increase in the number of obese people is caused by high-calorie foods, low level physical activity and chaotic eating behavior. Other causes of obesity include:

• endocrinological problems
• improper environment affecting eating behavior
• sleep disturbances, chronic fatigue
• stress and psychological problems.

So, how to prevent humanity from turning into the fat men from the Wally cartoon? Consider the most common reasons for the development of completeness:

Problem: You eat the same food.

And most often these are semi-finished products that are not difficult to cook.

Solution: Diversify your diet.

Get creative with your cooking. Include seasonal items on your menu. Stick to the following food system:

Problem: You don't move much.

Office work, car, no time to go to the gym.

Solution: don't be lazy!

Try to walk more, go to dances, have an active rest, play with children on the street and so on! Force yourself for the first 21 days - as you know, if you repeat something 21 times in a row, it becomes a habit!

Problem: You eat infrequently, but in large quantities.

Often, in the modern rhythm, a person does not know when the next time he will be able to have a bite - therefore, when he manages to get to food, he gorges like the last time.

Solution: Eat at least 3-4 times a day.

You need to know exactly when your next meal will be. Breaks between meals should be no more than 4 hours. Lunch on calories should be about 40%. Dine no later than 21:00.

Problem: You don't drink enough.

A lot of people just forget about it. Plus, constant trips to the office cooler distract from work.

Solution: Strictly stick to your fluid intake!

40 ml for every kilogram of the body, half of the liquid is from food, half is additionally. Water is best, but natural drinks like fruit drinks will work too - they are 85-99% water anyway. Be careful not to consume too many calories with drinks!

Problem: You skip breakfast in the morning.

Often in the mornings, modern citizens are in a hurry and simply do not have time to have breakfast, many simply do not want to. But this is a serious mistake: breakfast is an alarm clock for metabolism. Before the first meal, metabolism is slowed down by 6-7%. Breakfast should make up 25% of your total daily calories.

Solution: learn a few delicious and healthy breakfast recipes.

See for yourself how fast it is:

• 5 minutes to boil oatmeal
• 1 minute to peel an orange
• 9 minutes - make toast with avocado and red fish
• 10 minutes to eat.

Good luck getting your lifestyle in order!

More interesting

Overweight

Overweight is a condition characterized by excessive deposition of fat in the subcutaneous tissue and other tissues of the body, as well as an excess of the normal (ideal) body weight of a person by 15-20%, if this figure is higher, we can talk about obesity.

If energy intake exceeds its costs for a long time, this leads to a pronounced accumulation of adipose tissue in the body. So, eating only 5% of "extra" calories can contribute to the accumulation of about 5 kg of adipose tissue per year. If over 30 years consumption exceeds costs by only 8 kcal per day, this can lead to an increase in body weight of 10 kg. These figures reflect the average rate of weight gain over 30 years (25 to 55 years) in adults.

Maintain normal body weight by reducing the amount excess fat vital if you want to be healthy and if you have to cope with certain diseases. There is medical evidence that obesity is a huge threat to health and reduces life expectancy.

If you are obese, you spend more effort breathing because your heart has to work harder to push blood to the lungs and to all organs of the body (including excess fat). This increased workload may be causing your heart to become big sizes, and as a result will increase blood pressure, an arrhythmia occurs.

Obese people are characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood, which leads to the development of atherosclerosis (vasoconstriction due to plaque formation). When the vessels become so narrow that vital organs such as the brain, heart or kidneys are not adequately supplied with blood, life is threatened. In addition, narrowing of blood vessels leads to increased pressure and to difficult work of the heart. In itself, high blood pressure is dangerous to health and can lead, for example, to a heart attack, stroke, kidney failure. About 25% of all problems with cardiovascular system associated with obesity.

Clinical studies have shown that there is a relationship between excess fat and the occurrence of cancer. It is believed that adipose tissue itself contains carcinogens ( chemical substances developing cancer) in both men and women. In women, excess fat is associated with an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer, and in men, it is associated with an increased risk of colon and prostate cancer.

In obese people, the pancreas produces more and more insulin in order to regulate blood glucose levels. But the body is no longer able to use this insulin, and the whole system is suppressed. Failure in the regulation of blood glucose and insulin leads to the development of diabetes mellitus. Excess fat has also been linked to gallbladder disease, gastrointestinal disease, sexual dysfunction, osteoarthritis, and stroke. What weight is normal for you, you can find out in several ways.

Brock's formula. You need to subtract the number 100 from your height in centimeters. If your height is, say, 160 cm, your ideal body weight is: 160 - 100 = 60 kg. Normal weight may differ from ideal by 10% in one direction or another. Therefore, with a height of 1 m 60 cm, you can weigh from 54 to 66 kg - and this is normal. The described method has been proposed French doctor Paul Brok more than a hundred years ago. Modern nutritionists have made refinements to this formula. The fact is that it is suitable for people of small stature (up to 165 cm). For those whose height is in the range from 165 to 175 cm, the number 105 should be subtracted from it to determine the ideal weight, very high (from 175 and above) - 110.

Lawrence formula. Ideal weight \u003d (height in cm - 100) - (height in cm -150) / 2. With a height of 160 cm, for example, the ideal weight will be: (160 - 100) - (160 - 150) / 2 \u003d \u003d 55 kg.

Kyutla formula. It determines not the ideal weight for you, but the body mass index (BMI), by which you can then judge how far you are from the ideal (or close to it). BMI = weight in kg / (height in meters)2.

If BMI is less than 20 - there is a lack of body weight, normal weight corresponds to a BMI value from 20 to 23, BMI from 24 to 29 - there is a small amount of extra pounds, BMI> 30 - you should urgently go on a diet, otherwise you face obesity.

Let's say your height is 160 cm and your weight is 70 kg. We substitute these data into the formula for calculating BMI: 70 / 2.56 = 27.34. The index is in the range from 24 to 29. This means that you are overweight. It's time to go on a diet.

This text is an introductory piece.