Exercises for children from 1 year. Morning exercises (exercise) for children of different ages. Walking Exercises

Movement is the basis of all our life. Even light exercise stress very useful for every person for normal well-being.

For the correct and timely development of the child, parents should study the theoretical material about special exercises for babies well and use the knowledge gained in practice every day.

How useful is gymnastics for infants?

In the first months of life, the baby spends most of his time in a dream: while he is only gaining strength in order to actively explore the world around him. Therefore, gymnastics in conjunction with is a great way to keep your child's muscles in good shape.

Consider what else is useful in gymnastics:

1 Development of coordination of movements. By about 1-2 months, the baby already begins to make coordinated movements with the arms, by 3 months - consciously and with interest to feel objects around him. And by 6-7 months, you can already notice how the baby keeps his balance in a sitting position, without your help.

Thus, the child confidently overcomes many stages in order to take his first independent steps. The correct formation of the musculoskeletal system occurs precisely thanks to a set of exercises for the development of balance (for example, exercises on a ball - fitball).

2 Improving the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Physical exercise has a positive effect not only on muscles, but also on work. internal organs. In particular, movement provides a healthy appetite, better digestion of food, and reduces the likelihood of stomach upset and colic.

3 Speech development. As a rule, during gymnastics, the mother voices her actions, communicates with the child, praises him and encourages him in every possible way.

Auditory perception of sounds helps the baby to form his own idea of speech. The child imitates the mother, thereby acquiring the very first speech skills.

4 Improving blood circulation and metabolism. Any movement contributes to the proper circulation of blood throughout the body and, as a result, the normalization of the work of the heart and blood vessels. Gymnastics in early age will help to avoid the development of diseases and abnormalities associated with blood pressure. Also a rush of blood to soft tissues has a positive effect on growth.

5 Communication, development of tactile sensations. During gymnastics, there is direct contact between mom or dad and the child: both tactile and visual. Joint classes provide an opportunity to get to know each other better, to feel the baby that he is important to parents. It calms the child, has a beneficial effect on sleep and nervous system generally.

Interesting! How to properly bathe a newborn

At what age can you start doing gymnastics for children?

You can start introducing the first elements of gymnastics from the age of a few weeks.
These are gentle stroking of the limbs and tummy, which, in fact, are part of the massage complex, but also play the role of preparing for gymnastics.

If the baby does not have appropriate contraindications, then you can start reflex exercises (flexion and extension of the limbs, "walking", etc.) from 1-1.5 months.

It's curious that best first swimming is a gymnastic experience for a child. Having come to our world from a humid environment, children retain their instinctive ability to swim up to three months. Carefully observing the baby, you can conduct swimming sessions in a home bath from the moment the umbilical wound is completely healed. If you are not confident in your abilities, since swimming is a rather traumatic procedure, consult a pediatrician for help.

Basic rules of gymnastics for infants

Naturally, a newborn baby needs a more delicate approach in absolutely everything. In order for gymnastics to bring only benefits, this process must be treated carefully and carefully. There are a few simple rules, thanks to which you can achieve the maximum effect from the exercises:

1 Assess the child's abilities realistically. The main goal of gymnastics is still stimulation and development of skills, and not a serious sports training. Do not rush, choose exercises that are available for the age of your baby. If you see that the child is not coping with the load, reduce the amount of time allotted for training, weaken the intensity of the actions performed.

2 Do not start gymnastics if you are not in the mood. Exercises with a child should be interesting and desirable, and not a routine boring procedure.

If you feel that you are tired enough for today, then it is better to take a day off than once again spoil the mood for yourself and the crumbs.

Approach the exercises with an exclusively positive attitude, and the child, as the best unbiased psychologist, will definitely reciprocate. The same applies to the child - if the baby wants to relax and is naughty, you should not force him.

3 It is desirable to develop a training regimen. The ideal time to practice with the baby is noon. By this time, the child should be full, set to exercise, but at least 20-30 minutes should have passed since the last feeding.

Postpone gymnastics if the child is not healthy. Also, exercises should not be performed for several days after vaccinations.

5 Ventilate the room well before gymnastics, but also monitor the air temperature in the room. Exercises will be much more effective if the baby is naked during them, so temperatures below 22-23 degrees are not acceptable for classes.

Gymnastics for children 1-3 months

During this period, all exercises are reflex in nature. Main principle- irritation of the baby's skin in order to obtain a response. All movements are done only with the help of adults. The workout lasts no more than 15 minutes. It is worth remembering that any gymnastics begins with a light massage, stroking.

Interesting! When does the child start walking?

1 Laying out on the stomach. Perhaps the easiest exercise. When laying a child on his stomach, for example, for a back massage, one of his interesting instinctive features manifests itself: the baby immediately puts his head to one side. This exercise helps develop the muscles of the neck and back.

2 Responses to touch, flexion and extension of the fingers. Gently hold the child's leg by the ankle joint and run the pads of your fingers along his foot. The baby will bend and unbend his toes.

3 "Crawl". Starting position- lying on your stomach. The legs are bent to the sides. With one hand, gently hold the baby under the breast, with the other touch the feet. The child reflexively straightens the legs, pushing off and, as it were, “crawling” forward.

4 "Walking". Firmly, but carefully holding the baby in the armpits, put him on his feet. The heel should touch the surface of the table or couch. Feeling a solid foundation, the child will reflexively touch with his feet.

5 Spinal extension. Starting position - lying on your side. With one hand, hold the baby's legs, with the thumb and forefinger of the other, draw a line along the spine. This exercise is aimed at developing the flexors and extensors of the back.

Gymnastics for children 4, 5 and 6 months

In addition to the previous ones, exercises that provoke the child to independent actions, as well as exercises with the ball, can be added to the complex.

1 "Boxer". This exercise consists in performing rhythmic flexion and extension of the child's arms. Grasp him carefully by the wrists, putting thumbs in his palm. Raise the handles one by one: if the left one is raised, then the right one is in a bent position, and vice versa.

2 Put the child on the ball(it should not cause discomfort in the child, for example, be cold). The baby should slightly spread his knees, providing a more stable position. Holding it behind your back, slowly swing the ball from side to side. The same exercise can be performed while lying on your back.

At the age of two or three, children like to imitate adults. Use this quality for useful purposes. You will have to do exercises together. Just show the kid a good example, and he will definitely do everything like mom or dad. "Do as we do, do better than us"! - let these words become the motto of your family.

Gymnastics for kids should not turn into difficult strength exercises, push-ups, press swings or acrobatic stunts. It must be carried out for 5-10 minutes, and only in game form. Otherwise, it won't work. At this age, it is difficult to keep the attention of the child, it is necessary to captivate him with something. Use and play with topics that are close and understandable to the baby. Do not give all the exercises at once. Two or three is enough for the baby to play and at the same time learn some new motor skills.

CHARGING FOR THE LITTLE

Get the sun. Tell the baby that the sun is shining directly over his head (you can hold a yellow balloon in your hands). Ask him to get the sun. He will stretch his arms up and rise on his toes. Here is exercise number 1.

On toes and heels. Ask your child: how does he know how to walk on toes and heels? Show me how to do it. Have a doll or favorite soft toy join in and show off their skills.

Squats. How to teach a child to squat? Scatter different objects (or toys) around the room and ask your baby to bring them to you one at a time and put them in a box, for example. The conditions of the game will "force" him to squat.

Bridge. This bridge is different from the adult, because it is done in reverse. The baby should stand on his hands and feet, but not with his stomach, but with his back up. Make sure he straightens his knees. Look into the baby’s face and ask: “And who became our bridge?”

locomotive. Let the kid get on all fours and show how the locomotive rides. You can accompany the movements with sounds: “choo-choo”. Designate the trajectory of the movement of the “engine”, let him try to reverse.

Airplane. Spread your arms out to the sides and fly around the room. Accompany your movements with the sounds of a flying plane: "oooo".

Scissors. This is a classic exercise that we all know well. The abdominal muscles of the child are not yet strong enough to keep the legs on weight for a long time. He will have his own "scissors". The main thing is effort!

Kitty. Let the baby get on all fours and bend the back up and down like a cat. Don't forget to purr!

bear clumsy. Ask the child: “How does the bear walk?” Let him show. Demonstrate the clumsy movements of the clubfoot.

Running and jumping. Sprinting for a two-year-old toddler is likely to end in a fall. Learn to run fast gradually. For good coordination of movements and balance, invite the baby to run between spaced objects. Jump after running. It will not be difficult: ask the baby to show how the hare jumps.

PREVENTION OF FLATFOOT. For the prevention of flat feet, do gymnastics for the feet.

◈ Sit the baby on the floor and invite him to be a monkey. Scatter various (small) objects around and ask the baby to collect them with her toes. Show me how to do it. The task will not be easy!

◈ Sit on the floor (on a soft surface) opposite each other, hold a towel (or clothes) between your legs and play tug of war.

◈ Sit on the floor, pass the ball to each other, pushing it with your feet.

◈ Let the baby raise his hands up, stand on his toes and walk a few circles around the room. This exercise well trains the muscles of the lower leg and foot.

We move to the songs

If desired, any children's song can be used as musical accompaniment, as well as tips for action when charging. Here, for example, is this:

Ah, in Africa, the mountains are so high, (raise your hands up)

Ah, in Africa, the rivers are this wide, (raise our hands to the sides)

Ah, crocodiles, hippos, (clap hands)

Ah, monkeys, sperm whales,

Ah, and a green parrot (we wave our hands like birds).

We clap our hands, clap, clap
pops over head
We stomp our feet, top, top
raise your knees high
Shaking our heads
move your head back and forth
We raise our hands, we lower our hands
raise hands, lower
We squat low and we stand up straight
crouch and jump

Hands down, on the side
We squeeze into a fist.
Hands up and in a fist
We squeeze it on the barrel.
Get up on your toes
Sit down and straighten up.
Feet together, feet apart.

One, two - head up.
Three, four - arms, legs wider.
Five, six - sit quietly.

Once - hands waved up,
And while they sighed
Two - three bent down, got the floor.
And four - stand up straight and repeat first.
We breathe in the air.
When bending, exhale amicably,
But you don't have to bend your knees.
So that the hands do not get tired,
We will put them on the belt.
Jump like balls
Girls and boys.

There is a forest on the mountain
circular motions hands
He is neither low nor tall.
sit down, stand up, hands up
An amazing bird gives us a voice.
eyes and hands up, stretch
Two tourists on the path
Went home from afar
walking in place
They say: "We have not heard such a whistle yet."
raise your shoulders

Let's raise our hands up - one
Above the nose, above the eyes.
Keep your hands up straight
Don't shake, don't shake.
Three - dropped hands down,
Stay where you are, don't move.
Up one, two, three, four, down!
We repeat, do not be lazy!
Let's make turns.
Do everything willingly.
Once - turn left,
Two is now the opposite.
So, not at all, without haste,
We repeat 8 times.
Hands on the belt, legs wider!

One - get up, get up
Two - bend, unbend
Three - three claps in the hands, three nods with the head.
Four feet wider.
Five - wave your hands.
Six - sit quietly at the table.

Five funny brownies
Festive night
They roamed too much.
Standing on tiptoe
One spun in a waltz
And the second stumbled and bloodied his nose.
The third jumped to heaven
He snatched stars from the sky.
And the fourth stomped like a clubfoot bear
The fifth sang until hoarse
Song after song.
This night the brownies had a lot of fun.

Winter evening in the blue sky
get up from the table
I lit the blue stars
stand on your toes, stretch
Branches pour blue frost
shaking hands, slowly sit down
On snowy snow.

It is very important to develop the physical data of a small child: the more work is done with him, the faster and more confidently he will go. Working with children after a year will provide an opportunity to make the baby more coordinated, dexterous and mobile, which is a prerequisite for proper development and happy childhood. In order to properly engage in gymnastics with your child, you need a certain set of exercises and tasks that the baby must perform daily.

Peculiarities

Children who are one year old already have a considerable stock of skills and knowledge and want to expand and improve it even more. Thanks to the help of parents, they may have such an opportunity, it is only important to get down to business seriously and for a long time. Charging for children 1-2 years old should be uncomplicated but exciting, because the basis of the activity of the baby is the game.

In order to choose the right exercises, it is important to analyze the child's activities and focus on what is not working yet.

Based on age and physical development children, you can build classes with the baby based on the following knowledge.

At 12-14 months the child should already walk well enough, climb a meter-long ladder, climb on all fours and overcome obstacles in this way, jump in one place and throw the ball with two hands. If some type of activity does not work out or goes with great difficulties, it is worth coming up with a set of game tasks for the development of problematic skills.

For children 14-16 months, free stepping over an obstacle, throwing the ball over a distance, descending and climbing stairs with the help of an added step, as well as climbing a low hill become the norm. Classes with the baby can take place both at home in the form of exercises, and in the form of active games on the playground.

When the baby is already 1.5 years old, he can cope with obstacles whose height is at least 10 centimeters, climb a log or a small stump, throw a ball in a certain place, jump in one place and walk on a small hill: a curb, a bench. The emergence of new abilities can help in building a more complex set of activities for the child.
At 1.6-2 years old the baby can cope with walking on an inclined surface, climb a ladder more than a meter high, step over an obstacle up to 20 cm high, throw a ball to the right place from a place at a distance of up to 70 cm, actively run and jump. At this age, it is useful to include a large number of active games with movement, since the baby is already quite developed.
At 2-3 years old in a child, one can observe the ability to walk on an inclined surface with a difference of 20-30 cm from the floor level, climb onto a stool, step over obstacles of any size and diameter, not exceeding 30 cm in height and 20 cm in length. In addition, he can throw the ball far enough, actively run and jump. For strong and mature kids, you need to create a full-fledged complex morning exercises, which, in addition to games, will already include sports exercises.

Holding exercise will positively affect all areas of the child's development, he will be more cheerful, active and inquisitive. With the help of parents, he will be able to master much more skills that some peers will not yet be able to do. By choosing the right exercises for children of different ages, you can achieve positive results.

Charging for the little ones

morning exercises helps to get rid of sleep and return to normal faster, which is important for both an adult and a child, especially if he goes to kindergarten or school. However, you can start working with children much earlier. At 1 year old, you can carry out preventive massages before training, and in conclusion - a small stretch and exercises to relax the child's body.

The essence of work at this age is reduced to the simplest tasks.

Collect items in a basket of the corresponding color. The task helps not only to develop physical activity, but also to learn colors, which is very important at this age.
Throw the ball into the bucket (basketball imitation). If there is children's basketball, you can throw the ball into a special ring.
Find the hidden toy. Mom hides a medium-sized toy nearby, the child must find it.
Get in the circle. Put a hoop on the floor and ask the child to go into it and out. It can be presented as a game: when it's raining outside, you need to hide; when it's sunny, you can leave the circle.
Be sure to dance a little with the baby, developing a sense of rhythm and raising the mood of the child.

Classes for children from one to two years

In a year and a half, you can complicate a set of activities with a child.

Walking, but not straight, but around the subject. It will be good to sing songs or pronounce a rhyme in the process of movement.
A game of catch-up. The parent directs the hoop to roll forward, and the child has to get to the finish line faster using only walking, not running.
Jump into a puddle. The same hoop is used, the task is to jump over the rim from two legs and get inside. To make it more interesting for the baby, you can imitate jumping into puddles.

Agility exercises. Put the hoop on the floor, the child must immediately go through it, then jump into it, and at the end - climb on all fours through it.
Basketball. With a hoop held by a parent like a basketball hoop, you can train your baby's dexterity and coordination while standing with the ball. The task of the child is to correctly throw the ball with one or two hands and get inside the hoop.
Floor exercise. Lying on your back, raising your legs up, you need to make circular movements with your legs, as if scrolling the pedals of a bicycle.
Abdominal exercise. You need to simultaneously raise your legs and arms, imitating a boat floating on the waves. It is important to keep the feet and hands pressed against each other. The task of the baby is to hold this position for as long as possible.
As a hitch you can use the exercise to develop the muscles of the foot: sitting on a chair, pull the hoop towards you with your toes alternately with each foot. When the child copes with this task easily, you can use small toys that need to be shifted with a foot from one place to another.

Such active and at the same time fun work with the child will soon bear fruit, and the baby will be more active than his peers, more coordinated and dexterous, which will help in preparing for classes in the kindergarten and the future sports section.

If we talk about classes with children at the age of two, then for them the complex becomes even more complicated, and may look like this.

Walking using an artificially created elevation or slide, which you need to enter and exit. For the first attempts, it is important to accompany the child and lead by the hand, later - only to be near.

Gymnastics for kids should not turn into complex strength exercises, push-ups, press swings or acrobatic stunts. It must be carried out within 5-10 minutes, and only in a playful way. Otherwise, it won't work. At this age, it is difficult to keep the attention of the child, it is necessary to captivate him with something. Use and play with topics that are close and understandable to the baby. Do not give all the exercises at once. Two or three is enough for the baby to play and at the same time learn some new motor skills.