Therapeutic exercises for angina pectoris. Therapeutic physical culture for angina pectoris (atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries of the heart of the first stage - according to the classification of A.L. Myasnikov). Approximate set of breathing exercises

Since ancient times, people have been using breathing exercises, and their popularity has not fallen over the centuries, but has only become more and more in demand.

Breathing exercises have a beneficial effect on the entire body, not only contributing to an increase in immune resistance to various diseases, but also completely healing it.

Breathing exercises are nothing more than a set of various exercises that involve breathing and are performed in order to prevent or treat various diseases. of cardio-vascular system, respiratory organs, vegetovascular dystonia, diabetes mellitus, reproductive system, or to lose excess weight.

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Main goals

The respiratory system is engaged in the supply of air to the body to enrich them with oxygen and consists of a number of important organs, following one after another: the nasal and oral cavities. They are followed by the pharynx and larynx, and then the trachea and lungs. In recent respiratory system complete the bronchi and bronchioles.

Each of these organs is not only directly interconnected with neighboring organs in the system, but also performs a separate role.

Breathing exercises help to clear the channels for delivering oxygen to the blood.

Its main tasks are:

growth of functional accumulations in the respiratory system;
transformation various bodies and functional systems.

Breathing exercises are useful not only as separate exercises, but also as an addition to sports activities.

There are several types breathing exercises:

Bodyflex	With this form, breathing is performed in 5 stages, interspersed with physical exercises. Breathing in this way, try to maximize the impact exercise on the organism as a whole. This technique is mainly used for body shaping or to eliminate excess weight.
Oxysize	Breathing is carried out cyclically and continuously throughout the session, performing it simultaneously with other exercises. In this case, the chest expands, as a result of which the body consumes more oxygen, and it, in turn, is a catalyst and participates in the metabolic processes of nutrients.
jianfei	Very popular in China. With this form, all forces are directed to burning fat cells located in problem areas. The technique includes three main exercises: “wave”, “frog”, and also “lotus”, which are available for any person who seeks to normalize their health.

At the heart of any of the above breathing exercises are relaxing and tonic exercises. Moreover, they are selected individually, based on the desired results.

The main functions of breathing exercises are:

elimination of sputum and prevention of its appearance in the lungs, as well as the "staging" of proper breathing - through the nose;
activation of metabolic processes, as well as a positive effect on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems;
normalization of nervous processes;
an increase in general tone, hardening, as well as resistance to various kinds of diseases of the respiratory system;
enlargement of the chest in size and strengthening of the diaphragm;
saturation of all cells in the human body with oxygen necessary for their normal functioning.

Breathing exercises for angina according to the Buteyko method

Thanks to the world-famous physiologist Buteyko, in 1952 medicine became known for his method of treating asthma, angina, and hypertension. Moreover, the method was very effective.

The method was based on the fact that the cause of the above diseases is excessive ventilation of the lungs (otherwise, hyperventilation).

In simple terms, people simply do not have a functioning respiratory system. During the course of the disease, the patient experiences difficulty in breathing, and begins to breathe more often and more forcefully, thereby making some effort when breathing, and spending extra energy on it.

This type of breathing is not normal. human body, and the current rhythm leads to frequent contraction of the lungs and vascular stenosis. As a result, improper functioning of the respiratory system leads to oxygen starvation of the organs of the whole organism.

Carbon dioxide in the blood is not able to leave it quickly due to vascular stenosis. Consequently, it accumulates in the blood stream and lingers there. All this leads to abnormal functioning of all organs, and the disease progresses much faster.

Respiratory gymnastics for angina pectoris according to the Buteyko method is very effective, since it is aimed at normalizing the functioning of the respiratory system, and, consequently, the normal supply of oxygen to all organs of the body.

The technique is based on the ability of a person to own and control his respiratory muscles in order to be able to reduce the frequency of breathing so much as to feel discomfort (lack of air).

Breathing with the lungs should be rare, but at the same time deep, as they say, in the entire chest. Such measured and calm breathing entails a decrease in vascular stenosis, as well as a decrease in the frequency of contractions. In this case, the nervous system relaxes, and the blood vessels dilate. All this leads to the enrichment of all organs with the necessary oxygen content.

Respiratory gymnastics, carried out according to the Buteyko system, was recognized as the most effective and self-regulating. Thanks to her, the patient can improve his health and get rid of angina pectoris.

The Benefits of Exercise

Breathing exercises have a positive effect on the central nervous system. However, its main effect is directed to the group of muscles involved in the breathing process.

Such muscles, as, indeed, any other, can be developed quite quickly, while spending a little time. In this case, you should regularly work on these muscles with a load that they can withstand. However, in order to achieve positive results, it is necessary to give a very heavy load.

As a rule, older people, as well as those who are poorly or not trained at all, have shallow breathing. At the same time, the intercostal muscles do not undergo the proper load and work as efficiently as they should. As a result, there is a decrease in the mobility of the joints of the costal-vertebral and costal-thoracic type.

The difference between the readings of the circumference of the chest during inhalation and exhalation is called excursion. Excursion indications decrease with age. The reason for this is the above problems in the body. So, if at a young age the excursion is about 8 centimeters, then at the age of 40 its indicators decrease to 5, and at 60 years this value is 2 centimeters.

Performed breathing exercises with angina helps not only to get rid of this disease, but also helps to preserve, and in some cases, restore previously lost mobility. In addition, breathing exercises, due to the enrichment of blood with oxygen, help to improve its composition.

There are many complexes breathing exercises. Therefore, you can easily choose the most effective and acceptable for you.

During any physical exercise, anyone can experience shortness of breath. As a rule, it is formed when the work being done is very intense or heavy, which begins to request as much energy from the cardiovascular and respiratory systems as they are not capable of giving.

The resulting shortness of breath is the first sign that your body has little or no training, or insufficient endurance. Various exercises will lead to effective result in the event that the nature of the movements performed maximally coincides with the functioning of all zones of the respiratory system.

How to do the exercises

When doing breathing exercises, you need to follow a number of rules:

The most important rule to follow when performing breathing exercises is to perform all respiratory movements with all the lungs, and not use only their upper zone. To boil the correctness of your breathing, you need to take vertical position, straighten your back and put one hand on your chest and the other on your stomach. As you take a deep breath, notice what went up first. If the stomach initially rose, and then the chest, then you are breathing correctly.
Breathing exercises should be done twice a day, preferably in the morning and evening.
For maximum efficiency, gymnastics is performed on an empty stomach. It is especially important to observe this rule for those who have hypertension and gastrointestinal diseases.
You can do it not only at home, but also on the street. When doing gymnastics on the street, especially when walking, do not forget that you need to alternate inhalation and inhalation. At the same time, inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth.
When doing classes at home, you should ventilate the room in advance or open the window.
Choose the right atmosphere. Nothing should distract you: turn off the intercom, telephone, dim the light in the room. You can turn on relaxing music

Contraindications

Despite the fact that breathing exercises bring many benefits, they also have contraindications.

So, it cannot be done:

lactating mothers and women in position;
people with a hernia of the esophagus;
patients with cardiovascular diseases;
with exacerbation of chronic diseases;
patients with inflammatory processes in the pelvic area;
people with adenomyosis.

By performing breathing exercises and following all the prescribed rules, you can get rid of not only angina pectoris, but also a number of other diseases.

Attacks of angina pectoris are treated, including with the help of special gymnastics, which is also a good preventive measure. Therapeutic exercise or exercise therapy helps the body gradually get used to physical activity, resulting in improved blood circulation and metabolism.

Is it possible to exercise?

With angina pectoris, physiotherapy is one of the methods of therapy, since it contributes to the following processes:

normalization of vascular reactions in muscle work;
elimination of spasms in the cardiovascular system;
improving the functioning of the excretory system.

At the same time, it is important to choose the right physical activity so as not to worsen your well-being. It depends on the stage of the disease, which happens:

Primary. A person experiences only slight discomfort, attacks occur very rarely and do not last long. Physical education is recommended to do no more than 30 minutes. Exercise can be quite intense. They help to improve the functions of internal organs, develop all muscle groups.
typical. The patient experiences seizures during various physical activities. Pain can overtake him when climbing stairs, walking for a long time, as well as during stress and emotional overstrain. His general condition worsens, shortness of breath appears, and the heart rate increases. You can train up to 20 minutes, while you must strictly monitor the heart rate. Perform exercises in a less intense mode, be sure to take breaks between them, during which to restore breathing and pulse.

If during exercise the heart rate has changed by 15% or more, stop exercising or take a break and slow down.

Pronounced. A person experiences pain syndrome even in a state of complete rest. Avoid strenuous exercise and prolonged exercise. However, even at this stage it is allowed to perform physiotherapy exercises. Classes last no longer than 15 minutes (they also include 5 minutes, which are given for a break between exercises). Perform exercises at a relaxed pace. If an attack develops, dizziness or shortness of breath appears, you should immediately stop exercising and seek the advice of a doctor.

Basic rules of exercise therapy

When doing physiotherapy exercises, it is important to adhere to the basic rules, which are as follows:

conduct classes for 2-8 days after the attack, depending on its severity;
start training with a minimum load and duration;
when exercising, carefully listen to the body and, in case of deterioration in the state of health, interrupt the complex, and if necessary, consult a doctor to adjust physiotherapy exercises;
combine active exercises with breathing exercises.

Exercise complexes

Cardiologists have developed special complexes, which can be found below. Before performing them, it is necessary to consult with your doctor, who can supplement or replace some exercises, increase or decrease the duration of classes.

Warm up

The session always starts with a warm-up. Its task is to prepare the body for further loads and “warm up” the muscles. Repeat each exercise 3-4 times:

Stand up straight, spread your legs shoulder-width apart. Do body tilts left and right, back and forth at a calm pace. Look straight ahead.
Raise your arms above your head through the sides. Stand on your toes and reach for the sky, and then return to the starting position.
Starting position - lying on your back, legs and arms spread apart, but without strong tension. Bend and unbend the fingers alternately on the lower and upper limbs.
Lie on your back. Move your toes forward and backward.

Complex №1

Perform exercises 4-5 times, and the starting position does not change - lying on your back:

Pull your shoulders up, trying to reach the tips of your ears with them. Perform the exercise slowly without effort, watching your breath.
Bend your legs at the knees, and your arms at the elbows. Alternately measured to describe a circle with them.
Stretch your arms along the body with palms down, and bend your legs at the knees. Leaning on your legs, raise your buttocks and stomach as much as possible, forming a triangle. The main load falls on the legs and arms.
Bend your legs at the knees and spread them apart, connecting the feet.
In the end - walking in place. For the first time, the duration of the walk should not exceed 1 minute. Then, with the permission of the doctor, it can be gradually increased.

Complex №2

Suitable for those who suffer from stable angina. Comprises following exercises:

Starting position - sitting on a chair, arms lowered and relaxed. Spread your arms to the sides to shoulder level, take a deep breath and lower with an exhale. Repeat 5 times.
The starting position is similar, but the hands are located at the waist. Raise one arm across the side to shoulder level, inhale, return to the starting position and exhale. Do the same with the other hand. Repeat 3 times for each hand.
Starting position - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, arms bent horizontally at the elbow joint and fixed in front of the chest. Make turns of the body with the spread of the arms - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 4 times.
Finally, walk in place for 60 seconds.

In tandem with physical therapy, breathing exercises give good results, because when it is performed, the organs are enriched with oxygen, the heartbeat and metabolism are stabilized, the diaphragm is strengthened, the emotional state and well-being improve.

In case of angina pectoris, it is recommended to do breathing exercises according to the Buteyko method. The Soviet physiologist and clinician believed that with this disease a person breathes shallowly and with difficulty. Such unusual breathing for the body leads to the fact that the lungs contract rapidly, and the vessels narrow. As a result, there is an excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood, and the body experiences oxygen starvation.

Thanks to Buteyko breathing exercises, the respiratory system is normalized, therefore, all organs are provided with oxygen.

The breathing pattern is as follows:

inhale - 5 seconds;
exhale - 5 seconds;
pause with maximum relaxation - 5 seconds.

How to determine if you are breathing correctly? Place one hand on your stomach and the other on your chest. If, when inhaling, the stomach is first drawn in, and then the chest, then the exercise is performed correctly. Remember to inhale through your nose and exhale through your mouth.

Contraindications for breathing exercises:

pregnancy and lactation;
chronic diseases;
inflammatory diseases of the small and large pelvis;
adenomyosis.

So, regular classes physical education and breathing exercises help to get rid of the symptoms of the disease and improve general state and well-being of a person, as well as normalize the functions of all internal systems organism. But all medical complexes are made under the strict supervision and control of a specialist!

As a rule, it is impossible to get rid of the body's hereditary predisposition to the disease. But it is entirely within your power to avoid another etiology. First of all, this is the abuse of alcoholic, psychotropic and narcotic drugs; smoking; stressful state; violation of normal metabolism, which caused an improper diet; overwork in a chronic form, hypodynamia.

Terms: Hypodynamia - a weakened state of the muscles, caused by a sedentary lifestyle.

It is necessary to carry out a competent correction of the lifestyle, to revise the canons of life for the better, which will avoid the above factors. First of all, and this applies to any person, even without complaints, it is worth observing the daily routine, eating right, being active and healthy lifestyle life, do not smoke, do not take drugs and do not drink alcohol.

What are the benefits of physical activity (exercise) for angina and coronary heart disease?

regular repetition of physical exercises will constantly keep the muscles in good shape;
physical activity leads to an increase in "useful" lipids in the blood and prevents the appearance of atherosclerosis;
the likelihood of blood clots decreases;
improves overall health and positive attitude;
body weight decreases and the appearance of diabetes mellitus is prevented and much more.

Angina and sports

Many people wonder: is it possible to play sports, run, go to workouts and do physical exercises with angina pectoris. Here the answer is unambiguous - it is possible. But there is one condition. Exercise therapy for angina pectoris is selected by the doctor for the patient. This is because in the process of physical education, the myocardium will require even more oxygen than before.

And acute oxygen deficiency will lead to pain and discomfort. If exercises for angina pectoris are prescribed by the attending physician, the situation will look different. This does not mean that a set of exercises will provide only joy, there will be difficulties. But moderate physical activity will serve to benefit, and not vice versa.

Breathing exercises for angina pectoris

Physical therapy is useful, but it is worth remembering about correct breathing at which the myocardium is fully saturated with oxygen. You can do breathing exercises following the example of yogis:

Sit on a chair; keep your back straight; think of something good and positive until you relax. Then take a deep breath in through your nose for 1-2-3, hold your breath for 1-2 and exhale through your mouth. At the moment of exhalation, it is recommended to bend your arms at the elbows and, like a bird, hit the “wings” on chest. Repeat this respiratory complex the exercises are worth the time. Three times a day.
For people suffering from angina pectoris, doctors recommend walking in the fresh air every day, mentally imagining myocardial oxygen saturation.

Therapeutic exercises for angina pectoris and heart failure

preventive treatment and further recovery body after treatment needs a complex of special therapeutic exercises. At coronary disease The following exercises are recommended for the heart:

Sit on a chair and lower your hands to the floor. Inhaling the air, the hands are raised at an angle of 180 degrees, and exhaling, they return to the starting point. Such manipulations in ischemia are advised to repeat five times.
Sitting on a chair, fix your hands on your belt. Then alternately unbend one arm after the other and raise them to the starting point, repeating the exercise five times.
For ischemia, place your feet shoulder-width apart. Bending your arms at the elbows, raise them at chest level. In the process of inhaling, spread your arms and turn the body to the side. When the patient returns to the starting position, you can exhale. Repeat the exercise four to six times.
If there are problems with running, then a moderate walking rhythm is advised for half a minute, and then for a minute - a fast pace. During this time, the body will not have time to be severely depleted before the onset of acute pain.

Sit on a chair and fix your hands in a lock on your knees. Then gently raise your arms to shoulder level so that you turn your palms in the opposite direction. Repeat the exercise from six to eight times in one go.
Sitting on a chair, put your right foot forward, and put your left foot behind the chair. In this case, it is recommended to lean on the seat with your hands. The point is to alternately change the position of the legs. Repeat the exercise eight to ten times.
There are also exercises in the prone position. In this case, lie on your stomach so that your arms are extended along the body with your palms down. Then slowly raise your legs up in any order. The main thing is that the knees are not bent. Do the exercise from four to six times on each leg.
You can practice walking with temporary acceleration for three minutes.
Place your feet shoulder-width apart and your hands on your waist. Perform circular rotations of the head 180 degrees, first in one direction and then in the other direction. It is recommended to repeat such therapeutic manipulations four to six times in each direction.
Stand near a chair and grasp the back with your hands. When inhaling, sit down, and when you exit, stand at the starting point. Repeat the exercise four to six times.

Always give preference to those physical activities and exercises that bring pleasure. Doing such therapeutic exercises, and playing sports, is necessary in a good mood and with positive thoughts. Only then exercise therapy for IHD will go for the future.

If you live in a high-rise building, then a good start to your physical activities may be climbing stairs on foot. In this case, you should not abruptly climb to the ninth floor, losing consciousness. Gradually, with an increase in the floor, do small "feats". And without realizing it, you will notice how you go home without an elevator.
For a gradual increase in physical activity, getting to work, get off at a bus stop earlier. This is especially important for those people who work in the office sitting at the computer and are prone to the development of hypodynamia.
If walking alone only makes you sad, buy a small dog. It is more fun to walk with it, and you will regularly go out into the fresh air. At the same time, no one says that you need to run after your pet through the park at breakneck speed. A calm and easy walk outside is always good.

How much pressure rises under load?

Sport is a positive stress for the body. Change in human pressure at physical activity occurs very often, which is due to the characteristics of the organism and the preferred sport. Exercise stimulates the release of adrenaline, which plays an important role in human adaptation to environmental factors. Systematic sports help strengthen the vascular wall, stabilize breathing, and increase the degree of tissue saturation with useful substances and oxygen.

Causes of increased blood pressure during exercise

An increase in the concentration of adrenaline in the blood is associated with the activation of the sympathetic link of the nervous system. During exercise, breathing becomes more frequent, fluid circulation in the body improves. This requires additional costs from the body. Blood pressure often rises Everyday life– when lifting weights, when walking for a long time, and also in case of nervous tension.

The following body systems are involved in increasing blood pressure:

cardiovascular - blood moves faster, saturating tissues with useful substances, the tone of arteries and veins improves;
respiratory - the lungs straighten and fill with air, the internal organs receive more oxygen;
humoral - accelerates the metabolism in the body, increases the synthesis of certain hormones, increases muscle mass.

In trained people whose activities involve playing sports or other types of physical activity, changes in hemodynamic parameters during and after the exercises performed may not be observed at all. The important thing is how long it takes for the elevated levels to return to normal. If they persist for several hours, this may indicate hypertension.

Why does blood pressure rise after exercise?

A physically weak body reacts to new exercises with a short-term increase in blood pressure. An increase of 15–20 mm Hg. Art. within an hour is a variant of the norm. Long-term preservation of high rates indicates hidden problems of the vascular system. Arterial hypertension at the initial stage is observed only in stressful situations, not manifesting itself in a calm environment.

If high blood pressure occurs during exercise, and within an hour the blood pressure indicators have not returned to normal, a person may experience:

dizziness, accompanied by redness of the eyes, flickering "flies" in the field of vision, nausea and vomiting;
pain in the heart of a aching, compressive nature, up to an attack of angina pectoris due to spasm of the coronary vessels;
lethargy and lethargy, numbness of the extremities, as well as a violation of diction may indicate ischemia of the brain tissue;
external signs - redness of the face, excessive sweating, constant shortness of breath, sudden bouts of coughing.

Dealing with hypertension caused by one of the options for physical labor is more difficult than with the usual increase in blood pressure. Stabilization of hemodynamic parameters depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. People who are prone to vascular disease should carry a pill that normalizes blood pressure with them, and carefully monitor their well-being when performing new exercises.

Causes of a decrease in pressure during exercise

The regulation of vascular tone is carried out with the help of the sympathetic and parasympathetic part of the nervous system. In people with sympathicotonia, blood pressure rises in stressful situations. The predominance of the parasympathetic nervous system is one of the factors in the development of hypotension, which should be remembered when performing sports exercises.

To reduce blood pressure lead to:

vegetovascular dystonia of the hypotensive type;
inconsistency of the selected set of exercises with the physical capabilities of a person;
depletion of the body's resources (avitaminosis, overwork);
heart defects, mitral valve prolapse;
history of angina pectoris.

If blood pressure drops only during exercise and quickly returns to normal within an hour after exercise, this may indicate asthenia. malnutrition, sedentary image life, excess weight and lack of physical exercise in the past make the body especially vulnerable. Thoughtful workouts with a predominance of the dynamic component will help the body strengthen.

Why does blood pressure drop after exercise?

Many people complain of weakness and dizziness after exercise. With proper rest, their condition quickly normalizes. If low blood pressure persists for a long time after training, this may indicate a decrease in vascular tone, which leads to VSD and persistent hypotension.

Decrease in indicators by 10–20 mm Hg. Art. characterized by:

dizziness, drowsiness;
severe weakness;
blurred vision, blurred vision;
chest pain;
feeling of lack of oxygen.

Drop in blood pressure to 90 by 60 mm Hg. Art. and below can lead to sudden loss of consciousness. To prevent the development of collapse, you need to be attentive to your condition during training. Hipotonics are best suited for walking, exercise therapy and swimming, which help strengthen the vascular system.

Monitoring of hemodynamic parameters

Even experienced athletes, having high endurance, must control their condition during training. Before the first lesson, it is recommended to visit a doctor who should assess the level of blood pressure, pulse tension, breathing rate and then give recommendations on the desired sport.

To improve the condition of the circulatory system during training, you need:

ensure sufficient heat dissipation through quality clothing (correct size for the season);
measure blood pressure 20 minutes before training and 10 minutes after each exercise;
choose professionally equipped premises with good ventilation and lack of proximity to production facilities;
drink enough clean water (at least 2 liters daily).

Those who want to play sports should remember about proper nutrition. Love for fatty and fried foods, as well as alcohol abuse, negatively affects the state of blood vessels. It is worth limiting the amount of coffee and black tea you drink. To improve vascular tone, more foods containing K and Mg should be included in the diet.

Pressure standards under loads and after

In medical practice for many centuries, the value of 120/80 mm Hg has been established as an indicator of normal blood pressure. Art. Sport exercises, which are positive stress for the body, can lead to a slight increase in pressure. Indicators that are optimal for a particular person are called "working". If a person feels good, having indicators of 100/70 - this is not a cause for concern.

Normal blood pressure depends on the gender of the person:

for men 18–50 years old - / 80–85 mm Hg. Art.;
for women 18–50 years old - / 80–85 mm Hg. Art.;
figure in 140/90 mm Hg. Art. is the boundary indicating the development of arterial hypertension.

During intensive sports, the pressure of a previously untrained person during exercise can increase by 15–25 mm Hg. Art. Normally, the indicators should return to "working" in half an hour. Persistence of elevated blood pressure for several hours indicates hypertension. The first stage of hypertension implies indicators of 140–159 / 90–99 mm Hg. Art. and allows light loads if the recommendations are followed. The transition of the disease to the second and third stages is a serious obstacle to playing sports.

Contraindications for physical activity

Better refrain from intense exercise during the period of exacerbation of chronic diseases, with severe cardiac pathologies, as well as in the case of a suspected pregnancy.

Physical activity should be abandoned for people suffering from:

frequent sudden changes in pressure in everyday life;
thrombosis of vessels of the lower extremities;
cerebrovascular accident.

If the pressure after half an hour has not returned to normal, you should think about other types of physical activity. With a sharp deterioration in the condition that has arisen against the background of motor activity, sports should be stopped for a while.

Medicines for hypertension: what are they

Hypertension is a sustained increase in blood pressure: systolic "upper" pressure > 140 mm Hg. and/or diastolic "lower" pressure > 90 mm Hg. The key word here is "sustainable". The diagnosis of arterial hypertension cannot be made on the basis of one random measurement of pressure. Such measurements should be carried out at least 3-4 on different days, and each time the blood pressure is elevated. If you are still diagnosed with arterial hypertension, then you will most likely need to take pressure pills.

These are drugs that lower blood pressure and relieve symptoms - headaches, flies before the eyes, nosebleeds, etc. But the main goal of taking medications for hypertension is to reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure and other complications.

Cardiac ischemia

Blood pressure pills, which come in 5 major classes, have been proven to significantly improve cardiovascular and renal prognosis. In practice, this means that taking medication gives a delay of several years in the development of complications. This effect will be only if the hypertensive patient takes his pills regularly (every day), even when nothing hurts and he feels normal. What are the 5 main classes of drugs for hypertension - detailed below.

What is important to know about hypertension medications:

If the “upper” systolic pressure is > 160 mm Hg, then one or more medications should be started immediately to lower it. Because with such high blood pressure, there is an extremely high risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney and vision complications.
A blood pressure of 140/90 or lower is considered more or less safe, and for diabetics 130/85 or lower. To lower the pressure to this level, you usually have to take not one drug, but several at once.
It is more convenient to take not 2-3 tablets for pressure, but a single tablet, which contains 2-3 active ingredients. A good doctor is one who understands this and tries to prescribe combined pills, and not individually.
Treatment of hypertension should begin with one or more drugs in small doses. If in a day it turns out that it does not help enough, then it is better not to increase the dosage, but to add other drugs. Taking pills for pressure in maximum doses is a dead end. Read the article "Causes of hypertension and how to eliminate them." Follow the recommendations that are outlined in it, and do not just bring down the pressure with pills.
It is advisable to be treated with pressure pills, which are enough to take 1 time per day. Most modern drugs - just like that. They are called extended-release antihypertensive drugs.
Blood pressure lowering drugs prolong life, even for older people aged 80 and over. This is proven by the results of long-term international studies involving thousands of elderly patients with hypertension. Pressure pills do not exactly cause senile dementia, and even inhibit its development. Moreover, it is worth taking medicines for hypertension in middle age so that a sudden heart attack or stroke does not happen.
Medicines for hypertension must be taken continuously, every day. Unauthorized breaks are prohibited. Take the antihypertensive pills that you have been prescribed, even on days when you feel good and your blood pressure is normal.

The pharmacy sells up to a hundred different types pressure tablets. They are divided into several large groups, depending on their chemical composition and effects on the patient's body. Each group of drugs for hypertension has its own characteristics. To choose which pills to prescribe, the doctor examines the patient's test data, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases, in addition to high blood pressure. After that, he makes a responsible decision: what medicine for hypertension and in what dosage to prescribe to the patient. The doctor also takes into account the age of the patient. For more information, read the note "What medications for hypertension are prescribed for older people".

Advertising often promises that your life will be just "candy" as soon as you start taking this or that new antihypertensive (lowering blood pressure) drug. But in fact, everything is so simple. Because all the "chemical" drugs for hypertension have side effects, more or less strong. Only natural vitamins and minerals that normalize blood pressure can boast a complete absence of side effects.

Proven effective and cost-effective blood pressure supplements:

Magnesium + Vitamin B6 from Source Naturals;
Taurine from Jarrow Formulas;
Fish oil from Now Foods.

Read more about the technique in the article "Treatment of hypertension without drugs". How to order hypertension supplements from the USA - download instructions. Get your blood pressure back to normal without the harmful side effects that chemical pills cause. Improve heart function. Become calmer, get rid of anxiety, sleep like a baby at night. Magnesium with vitamin B6 works wonders for hypertension. You will have excellent health, to the envy of your peers.

Below we will discuss in detail what groups of drugs for hypertension exist and in which cases patients are prescribed drugs from one group or another. After that, you can read separate detailed articles about specific blood pressure pills that interest you. You and your doctor may decide that it is better to change your antihypertensive (lowering blood pressure) medication, ie. start taking a drug of a different class. If you are savvy in the question of what drugs for hypertension are, you will be able to ask competent questions to your doctor. In any case, if you are well versed in medications and the reasons why you were prescribed them, it will be easier for you to take them.

Indications for prescribing drugs for hypertension

The doctor prescribes medicines for hypertension to the patient if the risk of complications exceeds the risk of side effects:

Blood pressure > 160/100 mm. rt. Art.;
Blood pressure > 140/90 mm. rt. Art. + the patient has 3 or more risk factors for complications of hypertension;
Blood pressure > 130/85 mm. rt. Art. + diabetes mellitus or cerebrovascular accident, or coronary heart disease, or kidney failure, or severe retinopathy (damage to the retina).

Diuretics (diuretics);
beta blockers;
calcium antagonists;
vasodilators;
Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitor);
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (sartans).

When prescribing a patient a medication for hypertension, the doctor should give preference to drugs belonging to the groups listed in this note. Pills for hypertension from these groups not only normalize blood pressure, but also reduce the overall mortality of patients, prevent the development of complications. Each of the groups of blood pressure lowering pills has its own specific mechanism of action, its own indications, contraindications and side effects.

Features of exercise therapy for coronary artery disease

Exercise therapy for IHD not only normalizes the functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems, but also helps the body adapt to the effects of external factors: climatic conditions, stress, etc. Exercise therapy for IHD is developed depending on the group of the disease.

Group I includes people with angina without myocardial infarction.
Group II - people who have had a heart attack, with acquired cardiosclerosis.
Group III - post-infarction aneurysm of the left ventricle.

The load during therapeutic physical culture is determined depending on the severity of the disease, which can also be conditionally divided into categories:

Stage I (initial) - with coronary insufficiency, no symptoms appear.
Stage II (typical) - coronary insufficiency has certain signs during physical exertion, for example, accelerated walking, climbing stairs, or emotional breakdowns.
Stage III (sharply pronounced) - the clinical picture is pronounced even in a calm state.

Who can do what?

Patients of the first group, that is, those who have not had a myocardial infarction, can do exercises, involving all muscle groups. Breathing exercises of a dynamic nature. Exercises are calculated in minutes.

People who have suffered a myocardial infarction with cardiosclerosis should exercise slowly and engage small and medium muscle groups. Breathing exercises should be alternated with rest. When measuring the pulse, it can be accelerated by only 10%. The duration of the exercises is minutes.

sick from Group III are at risk, so exercise should be limited due to the possibility of thromboembolism. They are performed with incomplete amplitude where small and medium muscle groups are involved. After completing 2-3 exercises, the patient should pause for rest. Minutes are allotted for exercise. If the condition worsens, tachycardia, renal liver failure, shortness of breath or pain in the heart appear, exercise therapy should be immediately stopped in case of coronary heart disease.

An approximate set of exercises in the post-infarction state in the first period

Exercises alternate with breathing exercises:

Lying on the floor, arms and legs are spread apart, you should alternately bend your fingers and toes. After several such exercises, move on to the simultaneous bending of the fingers and toes. Breathing should be even. Everything is done slowly up to 6 times.
Lying in the same way, arms and legs apart, perform breathing exercises. Inhale freely, then exhale. Repeat 3 times.
From the same position, the legs are spread apart, the exercise is done with socks, first they move apart in outside, after which they turn inward. The pace during this exercise is average, breathing is even.
In the same position, raise your shoulders - inhale, lower - exhale. Repeat 3 times. Breathing is even.
Lying in the starting position, raise your arms at the elbows and legs at the knees, do circular motions hand from the elbow and legs from the knee. In the early days, the arms and legs do the exercise alternately, later everything is done simultaneously with the arms and legs. Such actions are carried out 2-6 times. The tempo is slightly faster than slow. Breathing is even.
The body position is the same, the legs are bent at the knees, tear off hip joint from the floor and inhale, lower - exhale. Repeat 3 times. Breathing is not disturbed.
Lying down, bend your legs at the knees and alternately lower them either to the right or to the left. Each slope is done 2 times. Breathing is slow, the pace of exercise is medium.
Lying in the same position, spread your knees in different directions - inhale, close - exhale. Repeat 2-3 times, the pace of exercise is medium.

Gymnastics is carried out up to 20 minutes on average 3-4 times a day. If the cardiogram gives good results, then over time it will be possible to increase such classes up to 10 times a day.

Putting on physiotherapy exercises, you can proceed to the next stage, when a person can already make turns on his right side and independently climb the stairs. The development of motor functions begins. This is done so that the heart rhythm is not disturbed, shortness of breath and heart pain do not appear. Light exercises are carried out in order to teach the patient to sit, get up, climb stairs, etc.

Classes are aimed at the work of large and medium joints - shoulder and hip. A stick and a rubber ball are used. Exercises are aimed at coordination of movements, balance and attention. Walking should include 10 to 100 steps. In this case, you should often rest.

Therapeutic exercise is done in a sitting position or standing. Runs every two special exercises one breath. Time - 40 minutes a day 3-4 times.

After a person begins to move independently, the third period of rehabilitation and exercise therapy begins. At this time, the cardiovascular system and breathing are trained. The emphasis is on walking. At first, it is done on a flat surface, in the future it is worth making descents and ascents. Initially, you should walk up to 500 m, and take a rest every 5 minutes. You should get 60 steps per minute. Every day we should increase the distance and so bring it to a kilometer.

In the future, under the supervision of a doctor, you can take walks up to 2 km. These classes are held in a clinic or in a sanatorium.

After exercise therapy for IHD within the framework of a medical institution has ended, it is necessary to continue classes at home. In this case, 2 times a month should be examined.

Only after a year can you do more complex types of gymnastics and other exercises, go skiing, ride a bike or visit GYM's. But this should be done only with the permission of a doctor.

It is worth remembering that physical activity should be distributed evenly.

Therapeutic measures in addition to exercise therapy

Medical nutrition. Patients with coronary heart disease are recommended to include honey, nuts, dried apricots, raisins, soy products, fermented milk products, lemons, pumpkin and pumpkin seeds, rose hips in the diet without fail.

With increased body weight, fatty meats, margarine, butter should be excluded. Replace animal fats with vegetable ones. This is done in order to lower blood cholesterol. Food should be rich in vitamins and minerals.

Medications. A patient with coronary artery disease should take two main groups of drugs:

Containing nitroglycerin and its long-acting derivatives. They are needed to relieve spasm in the coronary vessels in order to facilitate the access of oxygen to the heart muscle.
Medicines to improve the composition of the blood, reduce its clotting to prevent blood clots (for example, aspirin).

In addition, it is possible to use drugs to lower blood cholesterol and medications that speed up metabolic processes in the body.

It would be useful to prescribe vitamins, especially E, P and ascorbic acid. It is not worth reminding that the treatment should be strictly prescribed by the attending physician.

Physiotherapy for IHD

Physiotherapy procedures are very important during the recovery period. They are selected by a physiotherapist.

Balneotherapy involves taking therapeutic baths - radon, carbonic, iodine-bromine, chloride. There may be contraindications to such a procedure, such as pain syndrome, persistent angina pectoris, arrhythmia, hypertension. If the patient has more pronounced angina pectoris, then a sparing method is used in the form of four-chamber baths.

The methods of electrosleep, galvanic collar, electrophoresis with painkillers and sedatives are also used. Recently, a new method of physiotherapy has appeared - laser therapy.

Rehabilitation should take place gradually and only under medical supervision. Coronary heart disease and angina pectoris can only recede if you follow all the recommendations and take care of your body.

A set of exercise therapy exercises for angina pectoris

Exercise therapy and massage for angina pectoris

Angina pectoris (angina pectoris) is a pathology of the neurohumoral apparatus that regulates blood circulation. The disease occurs as a result of overload of various kinds, chronic stress, short-term negative emotions, overeating at night, exposure to cold, wind.

Main symptoms: periodic pain behind the sternum at rest (rest angina pectoris) or during exertion (angina pectoris). Resting angina may occur during sleep under the influence of dreams, may be accompanied by coronary thrombosis, myocardial infarction and death.

Main direction of therapy. AT attack are prescribed: bed rest, vasodilating and sedative drugs, diet therapy. outside attack- dosed motor mode, exercise therapy and massage.

Physical exercises expand the vessels that feed the myocardium, improve its contractile function. They also calm the central nervous system, removing pathological impulses. Exercise therapy is carried out 2–3 years after an attack of pain according to an individual method in the initial position, the least painful, in the form of elementary exercises for the arms and legs and breathing exercises. Particularly careful is the load during rest angina, since in this case the heart vessels are affected by atherosclerosis, they are inelastic. If there is no deterioration in the patient's condition, then more complex gymnastic exercises using projectiles, walking with lengthening the distance and changing the terrain.

Massage It is very useful, as it helps to relieve pain attacks, psycho-emotional stress, increase microcirculation, and prevent attacks of heart pain. Massage of the collar area, back (to the lower corners of the shoulder blades), chest is carried out. Apply stroking, rubbing and kneading. In the region of the heart, the palmar surface of the entire hand is vibrated (starting from the sternum, the hand slides towards the spine). The position of the patient is sitting. Techniques are excluded: chopping, tapping. The upper limbs are also massaged (first the right hand, then the left). The duration of the massage is 5-8 minutes. Course - 10-15 procedures. With a preventive purpose, 2-3 courses are carried out in the interictal period. Massage has a pronounced analgesic effect in angina pectoris.

Innovative complex of exercise therapy for angina pectoris

1. "Walking" (sitting). The pace is average. 30-60 steps.

2. Sipping. I. p.- hands behind head. Hands up - inhale, hold your breath (2-4 s). I. p.- exhale. 6–8 times.

3. Turn to the right, right hand to the side - inhale, fixation in the extreme position. I. p.- exhale. 3-5 times in each direction.

4. I. p.- hold on to the seat of the chair with your hands. With an exhalation, bend either the left or the right leg, pulling the thigh to the stomach with fixation for 1–2 s. 3-5 times with each leg.

5. Thoracic breathing with a delay in inhalation for 2–4 s and subsequent stepped exhalation (4–6 s). Repeat 3-5 times.

6. Alternately raising the arms up, fixing in the extreme position - inhale; and. P.- exhale. The pace is average. 4-6 times for each hand.

7. Tilts with paradoxical breathing. Tilt to the left (forced breath), right hand up (above the head). I. p.- exhale. The same on the other side. 3-5 times in each direction.

8. Leaning on the back of the chair and holding on to the seat, slowly stretch your legs, fix in the extreme position for 2-3 seconds, straighten your torso, take a breath, and. P.- exhale (flexion-extension to perform without lifting the heels from the floor). 4-6 times.

9. Bend your arms to your shoulders, bringing your shoulder blades together, turning your chest - inhale. I. p. - exhale. 4-6 times.

10. Slowly step over with your feet in place (to a height of 5-10 cm from the floor) for 1-1.5 minutes

11. Sitting with muscle relaxation meditative relaxation 30 s.

1. Walking 1–2 min. The pace is slow, then medium. Further, the rhythms of breathing are performed in coordination with the rhythm of movement.

2. Movements with paradoxical breathing. I. p.- legs apart, arms to the sides. Cross your arms in front of your chest, grabbing your shoulders with your palms - inhale. I. p.- exhale. The pace is slow. 10-15 times.

3. Tilts with paradoxical breathing. I. p.- legs apart, hands behind the head. Tilts to the left and right while inhaling, while straightening - exhale. The pace is slow. 5–8 times.

4. I. p. – about. With. Holding on to the back of a chair, exhale 2-3 springy semi-squats. I. p.- breath. The pace is slow. 8-10 times.

5. Rising on toes, hands on the belt, while inhaling, sequential (lower, middle, upper parts) filling of the chest. I. p.- slow exhale. 4-6 times.

6. I. p.- legs apart, fingers clenched into a fist. Alternate raising hands forward. The pace is average. 8-10 times.

7. I. p.- legs apart. Turn left (right), arms to the sides, fixation in the extreme position - inhale. I. p.- exhale. The pace is average, 3-6 times in each direction.

8. I. p.- sideways to the back of the chair; one hand on the back of the chair, the other on the belt. Slowly bend one leg, lifting the knee forward, then, unbending, take it to the side. Return to and. P. Repeat 4-5 times.

9. Movements with paradoxical breathing. I. p.- legs apart, hands to the shoulders. Hands up, bend over and look at them - exhale. I. p.- breath. The pace is slow. 4-6 times.

10. Slow walking. 1–2 min.

11. Rest sitting. Meditative relaxation 1–2 min.

I. p.- standing. Breathing is free.

1. Walking on toes. The pace is average. 1–1.5 min.

2. Alternate slow bending of the arms to the shoulders, fix the extreme position, return to and. P., clench your fingers into a fist for 2–3 s. The pace is average. 10-12 times.

3. I. p.- legs apart, hands on the belt. Slowly leaning forward (gradual inhalation), arching your back and fixing the extreme position, forced exhalation. I. p. - inhale.

4. I. p.- legs apart, hands forward, fingers clenched into a fist. Leaning forward to imitate repulsion ski poles on the exhale. I. p.- breath. 8-12 times.

5. Movements with paradoxical breathing. I. p.- legs apart, hands behind the head. Hands up, bend your back - exhale. I. p.- breath. The pace is slow. 6–8 times.

6. I. p. – about. With., hands down, fingers clenched into a fist. Slowly bend your arms to your shoulders and straighten them to the sides. 8-10 times.

7. I. p.- legs apart, hands behind the head. Turns to the sides, simultaneously extending the arms to the side. The pace is average. 3-5 times in each direction.

8. Rhythmic meditative breathing. On 3-4 counts - inhale, on 4-5 - exhale. 30–40 s.

9. I. p. – about. With. Lunge with the leg of the same name slightly bent at the knee joint to the side, arms to the sides. The pace is average. 3-5 times in each direction.

10. I. p.- legs apart, hands down. Slow circular movements of the shoulder girdle forward and up - inhale; back down - exhale. 8-10 times.

11. Walking in place with deep breathing. 1.5–2 min.

12. Meditative relaxation 2-3 minutes, sitting rest with alternate relaxing movement of the muscles of the head and neck, face, shoulder girdle, arms, torso, legs.

Innovative complex of physical exercises for angina pectoris against the background of atherosclerosis

1. I. p.- lying on your back with a high position of the head. Free flexion and extension of the arms in the elbow joints 5-6 times. When straightening your arms - inhale, do not tear your elbows from the bed. Breathing is free.

2. I. p.- too. Shifts stroking the feet against each other, without lifting the heels from the bed. 30 s. Breathing is free.

3. I. p.- too. Flexion and extension of the feet 6-8 times. Breathing is arbitrary.

4. I. p.- too. Rotational movements feet in one direction, without lifting the heels from the bed. 20 s in each direction.

5. I. p.- the same, hands in front of the chest. Spread your arms to the sides - inhale, return to and. P.- exhale. 3-4 times.

6. Lying on your back, legs bent at the knees with the support of the feet. Meditative walking lying. 10–20 times. Increase the pace and amplitude gradually. Breathing is free.

7. I. p.- too. Turning the torso in one direction, put the legs in the other (twisting). Perform without tension 4-5 times in each direction. Breathing is arbitrary.

8. I. p.- sitting on the edge of the couch, hands on the belt. Meditative breathing of medium depth 40 s.

9. I. p.- standing. Calm walking for 1.5-2 minutes.

10. I. p.- sitting on a chair with support on the back, hands on the belt. Expand your shoulders, bend in the lower back, bring the shoulder blades together - inhale; return to and. P.- exhale. 4-6 times.

11. I. p.- the same, arms to shoulders, legs straightened. Alternate slow bending of the leg with taking it to the side - inhale, and. P.- exhale. 3-4 times with each leg.

12. I. p.- sitting on a chair, legs bent and slightly apart, brushes grab the knees. After a preliminary inhalation, slowly tilt the torso forward with the elbows apart to the sides - exhale; and. P.- breath. 4-5 times. Do not take your hands off your knees.

13. I. p.- too. Walking for 10-15 minutes, alternating every 3-5 minutes (as you feel) sitting on a chair and getting up; then meditative walking with deep breathing for 15-20 minutes, rest sitting for 1-2 minutes. Depending on how you feel, the number of getting up from a chair and walking can be increased or decreased.

14. I. p.- sitting on a chair with support on the back. Rhythmic meditative breathing. Rest 2–3 min.

Angina pectoris is a pathological pain syndrome that manifests itself under the influence of external factors (excessive physical activity, food intake, stressful conditions, and so on) and is characterized by a pronounced feeling of discomfort behind the chest.

Previously, this disease in official medical reference books was called "angina pectoris", at present this name has been preserved in folk healers. May be accompanied by arrhythmia (unstable pulse). The pain syndrome is distinguished by an unexpected sudden onset and irradiation to the adjacent areas of the human body: the neck, between the shoulder blades, the left shoulder, the jaw.

The duration of the attack, as a rule, does not exceed 15 minutes. You can speed up the process of relieving pain by stopping the activity that caused the pain and taking medicinal product pharmacological group of nitrates, which has a short duration of action.

Below we will consider a set of breathing and physical exercises to be performed in a hospital and at home in order to prevent the onset of pain and emergency relief of an attack without the use of drug therapy.

The feasibility and importance of breathing exercises and exercise in angina pectoris

Non-drug therapy after diagnosing angina pectoris is aimed at reducing the risk of developing myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease (CHD) by changing the patient's habitual lifestyle.

Complete cessation of smoking or minimization of tobacco use is desirable. This is aimed at indirectly restoring the functions of the cardiovascular system through the influence through the respiratory system of the human body.
Moderate physical activity aimed at combating physical inactivity and, as a result, stimulating the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
The appointment of an indefinite therapeutic diet associated with a decrease in the daily diet of salt, as well as fried and spicy foods is shown.

These recommendations, together with physical therapy and a complex of respiratory gymnastics are aimed at ensuring a favorable prognosis of angina pectoris and stopping the transition of the syndrome into coronary heart disease with a subsequent risk of myocardial infarction.

Physical therapy and breathing exercises not only have a beneficial effect on all body systems by improving blood flow and accelerating metabolic processes, but also make it possible to simultaneously suppress an angina attack.

Contraindications for angina pectoris

The main contraindications for angina pectoris are associated with the prevention of the development of hypertension. In this regard, it is important to avoid excessive physical exertion, the use of psychostimulating substances (coffee, ginseng, eleutherococcus, dishes high in hot pepper and salt, and so on). The presence of angina in most cases indicates a weakness of the blood vessels, and in this regard, it is not recommended to make sudden movements (including quickly getting out of bed when waking up, etc.). In most cases, it is not recommended to prescribe a spa treatment.

Therapeutic physical culture for angina pectoris: a set of exercises recommended by specialists

When prescribing a set of physical exercises, it is important to observe the basic principles based on the fundamental axiom “do no harm”:

Gymnastics for angina pectoris involves the selection of individual loads depending on the stage of the disease and the frequency of manifestation of pain syndrome attacks: the more severe the course of the pathology, the less physical activity and the duration of the exercises.
Mandatory division of the complex of exercises into three parts: warm-up, the main group of exercise therapy and a hitch. A warm-up allows you to prepare the body for exercise, the main group provides an optimal effect on the body's systems, a hitch allows you to consolidate the effect and get out of exercise therapy without pressure drops.
When prescribing exercises, it is important to adhere to the rule about the absence of sudden movements during exercise therapy.

Important! The appointment of a complex of physical exercises is relevant at the first and second stages of the disease. When diagnosing the third stage, it is recommended in the first months to do with normal walking and an increase in the time spent in the fresh air.

Warm up

Place a mat on the floor and lie down on it. Take three deep breaths in and out as you prepare to do the exercises.
Raise your torso perpendicular to the floor. Right hand up - tilt to the left, left hand up - tilt to the right. Ten cycles and a minute break. Repeat three times.
Lie down again. Bend your knees - straighten your legs. Do ten times and rest for one minute. Repeat three times.

Important! If it is difficult to perform these exercises on the floor, it is allowed to warm up on a chair. Avoid sudden movements - concentrate on stretching.

The main set of exercises

Squats with arms outstretched forward: 10 to 30 times. The total number of squats is recommended to be divided into three cycles, between each of which take a minute break. This statement is true for all the exercises below.
Feet shoulder-width apart, tilt the torso forward perpendicular to the floor, arms to the sides, and make turns with the cable to the left and right to the maximum possible limit. Quantity: 10 to 50 times.
Feet shoulder width apart left hand up - tilt to the right, right hand up - tilt to the left. For each hand we do 10 - 30 times.
Running in place (optimally used treadmill, but you can do without it) with a gradual acceleration for 10 minutes.

Important! To achieve an optimal result, it is advisable not only to perform a set of exercises daily, but also to make adjustments to your daily routine: instead of traveling by car, it is better to walk on foot, instead of using the elevator, it is better to climb to the required floor on your own.

Hitch

Return to the mat. Sit, stretch your legs forward, connect your heels together. Without bending your knees, try to reach your feet with your palms, and touch your knees with your head. Do it slowly, stretch. Then lie down on the mat, recover, bring your breathing back to normal.

Important! In the event of a pain syndrome or other discomfort preceding an attack of angina pectoris, when performing exercises, exercise therapy must be immediately stopped, sit down or lie down on the mat and restore breathing with deep breaths and exhalations. If the pain does not stop, you need to drink nitrate short term actions to stop the attack.

Gymnastics and exercises for angina pectoris: additional materials

It is allowed to introduce any exercises in exercise therapy for angina pectoris in case of compliance with the rules on the absence of sudden movements when performing a set of exercises and avoiding patient overload. Priority should be given to stretching exercises and only then to strength training.

Breathing exercises: the most popular and reliable methods

Breath control is one of the important components in the performance of physical exercises and in everyday life to prevent angina attacks.

Strelnikova's technique

Strelnikova's method includes a large number of exercises, the most interesting of which are techniques aimed at emergency relief of an angina attack. An example of Strelnikova's exercise for stopping an angina attack:

Sit on a chair or kneel on the floor, close your eyes.
Take a powerful sharp breath with strong-willed muscle contraction of the chest.
Exhale slowly without holding your breath.
Repeat until the pain subsides.

Important! If within 10 minutes there is no relief, it is urgent to call a doctor. After the experienced attack, temporary rest is recommended.

Bubnovsky's technique

AT breathing techniques ah Bubnovsky, the emphasis is on breathing with the help of the diaphragm, that is, minimizing chest breathing. It is worth noting that almost all experts reject chest breathing as the most harmful. An example of breathing exercises according to Bubnovsky for angina pectoris:

Lay a mat, sit on your knees on it, close your eyes, feel the diaphragm (the place between the chest and the peritoneum).
Take a slow breath, counting to 5 and expanding the diaphragm with muscle effort; hold your breath, counting to 3, fixing the diaphragm expanded; exhale slowly, counting to 5 and contracting the diaphragm with muscle effort. Repeat this cycle 20 - 50 times (depending on the level of training).
Stand in a dog pose, relax your stomach and breathe intensely and quickly - first for one minute, then gradually bringing the time of intensive breathing to 5 to 10 minutes.

Important! If you feel dizzy with intense breathing, you need to stop the exercise and reduce the time of breathing practices the next day.

Buteyko technique

The Buteyko technique is based on reducing the frequency and improving the quality of human breathing. The main theses of the Buteyko methodology:

The number of periods "inhale - exhale" per minute should not exceed 16.
Breathing should be through the nose. Mouth breathing is harmful and dangerous to health.
Breathing should be easy and slow.
Inhalation should be at least twice as long as exhalation.
It is recommended to hold your breath after inhaling.

An example of a Buteyko exercise:

Sit on a chair, straighten your back, put your palms on your knees, close your eyes.
Inhale for 10 seconds, hold your breath for 20 seconds, and exhale for 20 seconds. These periods of time are achieved gradually, at the first stages of training it is important to observe the ratio 1:2:2, varying the number of seconds in a way that is more comfortable for the patient.

Important! The practice of breathing according to Buteyko should not be violent and cause tension. Accustoming to easy breathing according to the system "inhale - hold the breath - deep exhale" should go gradually.

Will yoga help as a breathing exercise?

Yoga practices have much in common with the breathing systems developed by Bubnovsky and Buteyko. In particular, the breathing method "inhale - hold - exhale." However, yoga uses less gentle techniques, and the use of these practices for angina pectoris is not recommended due to insufficient knowledge of the subject by the official medical community.

It is advisable to combine breathing practices and exercise therapy to achieve the best preventive and therapeutic effect. It is also recommended to practice breathing techniques according to Buteyko or Bubnovsky during massage in the heart area in order to stabilize the pulse rhythm.

With angina pectoris

Angina pectoris (angina pectoris)- pathology of the neurohumoral apparatus that regulates blood circulation. The disease occurs as a result of overload of various kinds, chronic stress, short-term negative emotions, overeating at night, exposure to cold, wind.

Main direction of therapy. AT attack are prescribed: bed rest, vasodilating and sedative drugs, diet therapy. outside attack- dosed motor mode, exercise therapy and massage.

Physical exercises expand the vessels that feed the myocardium, improve its contractile function. They also calm the central nervous system, removing pathological impulses. Exercise therapy is carried out 2–3 years after an attack of pain according to an individual method in the initial position, the least painful, in the form of elementary exercises for the arms and legs and breathing exercises. Particularly careful is the load during rest angina, since in this case the heart vessels are affected by atherosclerosis, they are inelastic. If there is no deterioration in the patient's condition, then more complex gymnastic exercises using apparatus, walking with lengthening the distance and changing the terrain should be included.

Massage It is very useful, as it helps to relieve pain attacks, psycho-emotional stress, increase microcirculation, and prevent attacks of heart pain. Massage of the collar area, back (to the lower corners of the shoulder blades), chest is carried out. Apply stroking, rubbing and kneading. In the region of the heart, the palmar surface of the entire hand is vibrated (starting from the sternum, the hand slides towards the spine). The position of the patient is sitting. Techniques are excluded: chopping, tapping. The upper limbs are also massaged (first the right hand, then the left). The duration of the massage is 5-8 minutes. Course - 10-15 procedures. With a preventive purpose, 2-3 courses are carried out in the interictal period. Massage has a pronounced analgesic effect in angina pectoris.

Innovative complex of exercise therapy for angina pectoris