Volleyball Referee Board. Catalog of articles about sport and healthy way of life. Gestures shown by linesmen

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

FGOBU VPO "Financial University under the Government Russian Federation"(Financial University)

College of Finance and Economics

(Ufa branch of the Financial University)

abstract

on the topic:

Volleyball: rules and basics of refereeing

Completed by: Ponomareva Natalya Mikhailovna

Introduction

Volleyball is a sport in which two teams compete on a playing field divided by a net. For various circumstances, various options games so that its versatility is accessible to everyone.

The object of the game is to send the ball over the net to land it on the opponent's court and prevent the opponent from making the same attempt. The team has three hits to return the ball (in addition to touching the block).

The ball is put into play by a serve: the server kicks the ball over the net to the opponent. The rally continues until the ball lands on the playing court, is out, or a team error occurs when the ball is returned.

In volleyball, the team that wins a rally scores a point (Rally-Point System). When the receiving team wins the rally, it receives a point and the right to serve and its players advance one position clockwise.

Facilities and equipment

Playing field.

The playing field includes a playing area and a free zone. It should be rectangular and symmetrical.

The playing field is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded on all sides by a free zone with a minimum width of 3 meters.

The free playing space is the space above the playing field that is free from any obstacles. The minimum height of the free playing space above the playing field is 7 m from the playing surface. For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the free zone must be at least 5m from the sidelines and 8m from the endlines. The free playing space must be at least 12.5 m high from the playing surface.

Feed zone

The service zone is a 9 m wide area behind each end line. It is bounded on the sides by two short lines 15 cm long each, drawn 20 cm behind the end line, as an extension of the side lines. Both short lines are included in the service zone width. In depth, the feed zone extends to the end of the free zone.

Replacement zone

The substitution area is limited to the continuation of both lines of attack and extends to the scorer's table.

Libero Substitution Zone

The Libero Substitution Zone is part of the free zone on the side of the team benches, it is bounded by the continuation of the attack line and extends to the end line.

Warm-up place

For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the warm-up areas, approximately 3m x 3m, are located outside the free zone at both corners of the team benches.

Place remote

A penalty area approximately 1 x 1 m in size and equipped with two chairs is located in the control area outside the extension of each end line. They may be limited by a red line 5 cm wide.

Command structure

A team can have up to 12 players per match, plus

Coaching staff: one coach, maximum two assistant coaches;

Medical staff: one team massage therapist and one doctor.

Only these team members registered on the scoresheet may enter the competition control area and take part in the official warm-up and match. For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the team doctor and massage therapist must be accredited by the FIVB in advance. One of the players other than the Libero is the team captain who

Only the players on the score sheet may enter the court and play in the match. When the coach and the team captain have signed the score sheet (team list in the electronic score sheet), the registered players cannot be changed.

Team Accommodation

Players not participating in the game must sit on the team bench or be in their warm-up area. The coach and other team members sit on the bench but may leave it temporarily. Team benches are located next to the scorer's table outside the free zone. Only members of the squad are allowed to sit on the bench during the match and take part in the official warm-up.

Players not in the game may warm up without balls as follows:

during the game - in the warm-up areas

during time-outs and technical time-outs, in the free zone behind their playing court.

During the intervals between sets, players may warm up within their free zone using balls.

Equipment

The player's equipment consists of a T-shirt, shorts, socks (uniform) and sport shoes. The color and style of shirts, shorts and socks must be the same for the team (exception: for the Libero). The form must be clean. Footwear should be light and flexible with rubber or composite soles without heels. The players' jerseys must be numbered from 1 to 20. The number must be located on the jersey, centered on the chest and on the back. The color and brightness of the numbers should contrast with the color and brightness of the T-shirts. The number must be at least 15 cm high on the chest and at least 20 cm high on the back. The stripes forming the numbers must be at least 2 cm wide. The team captain must have on his/her jersey a stripe 8 x 2 cm to highlight the number on the chest. It is forbidden to wear a uniform that is different from the color of other players (excluding Libero players) and/or without official numbers.

Team Leaders

Both the team captain and coach are responsible for the conduct and discipline of their team members. Libero players cannot be team captain or game captain.

Before the match, the team captain signs the protocol and represents his team at the draw.

During a match, the team captain is the game captain when he is on the court. When the team captain is not playing on the court, the coach or team captain must appoint another player on the court, other than the Libero, to assume the role of the game captain. This game captain retains his duties until the substitution, the return of the team captain to the game, or until the end of the game. When the ball is out of play, only the game captain is allowed to address the officials: to ask for clarification on the application or interpretation of the Rules and to submit requests or questions from his partners. If the game captain does not agree with the 1st referee's explanation, he/she may protest this decision and inform the 1st referee immediately that he/she reserves the right to record an official protest on the score sheet at the end of the match;

The captain requests permission:

a) change all or part of the equipment,

b) check the arrangements of the teams,

c) check the floor, net, ball, etc.,

requests time-outs and substitutions in the absence of a coach.

At the end of the match, the team captain: thanks the referees and signs the protocol, confirming the result; if the 1st referee has been duly notified, may acknowledge and record on the score sheet a formal protest concerning the referee's application or interpretation of the rules.

During the match, the coach manages the game of his team, being outside the playing area. He/she determines the starting lines, substitutions and takes time-outs. On these matters, he/she contacts the 2nd referee.

Before the match, the coach:

writes down or checks the names and numbers of his players on the scoresheet and then signs it.

During the match, the coach:

gives the 2nd referee or scorer a duly completed and signed line-up card(s) before each set, sits on the team bench closest to the scorer but may leave it, requests time-outs and substitutions, may, like other team members, give instructions to the players on the court. The coach may give these instructions while standing or moving within the free zone in front of his team bench from the extension of the offensive line to the warm-up area without interfering with or delaying the match.

In FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the coach must carry out his functions behind the coach's boundary line.

Assistant coach

The assistant coach sits on the team bench but is not allowed to interfere in the match.

If a coach must leave his team for any reason, including a sanction, but excluding entering the court as a player, the assistant coach may take over the functions of coach during his absence, when confirmed to the referee by the game captain.

SCORE

The team scores a point:

Upon successful landing of the ball on the opponent's court;

When the opposing team makes a mistake;

When the opposing team receives a reprimand.

A team commits an error by performing a game action against the rules (or otherwise breaking them). The judges evaluate the errors and determine the consequences in accordance with the Rules:

If two or more faults are made consecutively, only the first fault is taken into account.

If two or more faults are committed by the opponents at the same time, this is considered a double fault and the rally is replayed.

Draw and completed draw

A rally is the sequence of playing actions from the moment the server hits the service until the ball is out of play. A completed rally is a sequence of game actions resulting in the award of a point.

If the serving team wins the rally, they score a point and continue to serve;

If the receiving team wins the rally, they score a point and must serve next. ball sport game

WINNING THE GAME

The game (with the exception of the deciding 5th game) is won by the first team to score 25 points with at least two points advantage. In case of a tie score of 24-24, the game continues until the advantage of 2 points is reached (26-24; 27-25; ...).

WINNING A MATCH

The winner of the match is the team that wins three games. With an equal score of 2-2, the decisive game of the 5th is played up to 15 points and a minimum advantage of 2 points.

NO-SHOW AND INCOMPLETE TEAM

If a team refuses to play after being asked to do so, it is declared a no-show and loses the match with a score of 0-3 in the match and 0-25 in each set.

The team that good reasons does not enter the playing court on time, is declared a no-show with the same result (it is declared a no-show and loses the match with a result of 0-3 in the match and 0-25 in each set) The team declared INCOMPLETE in the set or match loses the game or match. The opposing team receives the points, or the points and sets needed to win the set or match. The incomplete team retains its points and games.

GAME STRUCTURE

DRAW

Before the match, the 1st referee conducts a toss to determine the first service and the sides of the court in the first set.

If a decisive game is played, a new draw must be made.

The draw takes place in the presence of two team captains.

The winner of the toss chooses: either the right to serve or receive the service or side of the court. The loser takes the remaining option.

OFFICIAL WARM-UP

If the teams previously had the playing court at their disposal, before the match they are given a 6-minute joint official warm-up on the net, if not, they can have 10 minutes. If any of the captains requests a separate (consecutive) official warm-up at the grid, the teams are given 3 minutes each, or 5 minutes each. In the case of consecutive warm-ups, the first team to warm up on the net is the team that serves first.

INITIAL TEAM LINE-UP

The game must always involve six players from each team. The initial lineup of the team indicates the order in which the players move on the court. This order must be maintained throughout the game. Before the start of each game, the coach must present the initial lineup of his team on the lineup sheet. A duly completed and signed card is handed to the 2nd referee or scorer. Players who are not included in the initial line-up for a given set are substitutes for that set (except for Libero players). After the line-up card has been handed to the 2nd referee or the scorer, it is not allowed to change the line-up without the usual replacement. In case of inconsistencies between the positions of the players on the court and in the lineup card, proceed as follows: if such a discrepancy is discovered before the start of the game, the positions of the players must be corrected in accordance with the lineup card - the sanction for this is not when a player not registered in lineup card for this game, given player must be changed in accordance with the lineup card - no sanction is imposed for this; however, if the coach wishes to keep such an unlisted player(s) on the court, he/she must request a regular substitution(s) using the appropriate gesture, which must then be recorded on the score sheet. If a discrepancy between the positions of the players and the positions on the line-up card is discovered later, the team that made the mistake must return to the correct positions. The opponent's points are kept and, in addition, the opponent receives a point and a subsequent serve. All points scored by the offending team from the precise moment the error was made to the time it was discovered will be forfeited. 25When a player is found on the court who is not on the list of players on the score sheet, the opponent's points are kept and, in addition, the opponent receives a point and a service. The team in error shall forfeit all points and/or games (0:25, if applicable) gained since the unregistered player entered the court and must submit a corrected lineup card and send the new registered player to the court in the unregistered player's position.

At the moment the ball is hit by the server, each team must be within its court in transition order (excluding the server). The positions of the players are numbered as follows: the three players along the net are front row players and occupy positions 4 (front - left), 3 (front - center) and 2 (front - right); the other three players are back row players, occupying positions 5 ( back - left), 6 (back - center) and 1 (back - right). Mutual correspondence of the positions of the players: each player of the back line must be located further from middle line than the corresponding front row player; the front row players and the back row players shall, respectively, be positioned parallel to the center line in the above order. The positions of the players are determined and controlled according to the position of their feet in contact with the ground as follows: at least part of each front row player's foot must be closer to the center line than the corresponding back row player's feet; at least part of the foot of each right (left) touchline must be closer to the right (left) touchline than the feet of the center player in his line. After a service hit, players can move around and take any place on their own court and in the free zone.

POSITIONAL ERROR

A team commits a positional fault if any player is not in their correct position at the time the ball is hit by the server. Including when a player is on the court as a result of an illegal substitution. If the server commits a service error at the moment of the service hit, the server's error will take precedence over the positional error. If the service becomes faulty after a service hit, a positional fault is scored. A positional error leads to the following consequences: the team is penalized with a point and an opponent's serve; 3 players take their correct positions.

The transition order, determined by the team's initial formation and controlled by the service order and the positions of the players, is maintained throughout the game. When the receiving team becomes eligible to serve, its players advance one position clockwise: the position 2 player moves to position 1 to serve, the position 1 player moves to position 6, and so on.

TRANSITION ERROR

A transition fault is considered committed when the service is not executed in accordance with the transition order. This leads to the following consequences: the team is penalized with a point and an opponent's serve; the order in which players move is being corrected. In addition, the scorer must determine the exact moment of the error and all points subsequently scored by the team that committed the error must be annulled. The opponent's points are saved. If this moment cannot be determined, no point(s) will be annulled and the opponent's point and service will be the only action.

GAME STATES

BALL IN PLAY

The ball is in play from the moment it is hit on a service allowed by the 1st referee.

BALL OUT OF PLAY

The ball is out of play from the moment of the error, which is recorded by the whistle of one of the referees; in the absence of an error, from the time of the whistle.

BALL "IN THE COURT"

The ball is considered "in the court" when it touches the surface of the playing court, including the boundary lines.

The ball is considered "out" when: the part of the ball that touches the floor is completely behind the boundary lines; it touches an object outside the court, the ceiling or a person not participating in the game; it touches the antennas, cords, posts or net behind the side bands; it crosses the vertical plane of the net partly or completely outside the transition area, or the ball completely crosses the lower area under the net.

BALL GAME

Each team must play within its own playing field and space. The ball may, however, be returned from outside the free zone.

STRIKE TEAM

A hit is any contact with a player's ball in play. A team is entitled to a maximum of three hits (in addition to blocking) to recover the ball. If more than 3 hits are used, the team commits an error: "FOUR HITS".

SERIAL CONTACTS

A player cannot hit the ball twice in a row

SIMULTANEOUS CONTACTS

Two or three players may touch the ball at the same time. When two (or three) partners touch the ball at the same time, it counts as two (or three) hits (excluding blocking). If they try to reach the ball, but only one of them touches it, one hit is scored. Players colliding is not considered a fault. When two opponents touch the ball at the same time over the net and the ball remains in play, the team receiving the ball is entitled to three more kicks. If such a ball goes out, it is the fault of the team on the opposing side. If two opponents touch the ball at the same time over the net resulting in prolonged contact with the ball, play continues.

STRIKING WITH SUPPORT

Within the field of play, a player is not allowed to use a team-mate's support or any device/object as support in order to hit the ball.

However, a player who is on the verge of making a mistake (touching the net, or crossing the halfway line, etc.) may be stopped or restrained by a teammate.

The ball can touch any part of the body. The ball must not be tackled and/or thrown. It can bounce in any direction. The ball may touch different parts of the body, provided that the contacts occur at the same time.

ERRORS WHEN PLAYING THE BALL

FOUR HITS: A team touches the ball four times before returning it.

SUPPORTED KICK: A player uses a teammate's support or any device/object as support to kick the ball inbounds.

TACKLE: the ball is tackled and/or thrown; it doesn't bounce when hit.

DOUBLE TOUCH: A player hits the ball twice in a row, or the ball touches different parts of his/her body in succession.

BALL AT THE NET

The ball sent into the opponent's court must pass over the net within the crossing area. The transition area is a part of the vertical plane of the grid, limited as follows: from below - by the upper edge of the grid; on the sides - antennas and their imaginary continuation; top - ceiling.

The returned ball crosses the plane of the net again in whole or in part through the outer area on the same side of the court.

The opposing team may not prevent such action.

The ball which is directed to the opponent's court through the lower square is in play until.

BALL TOUCHING THE NET (When crossing the net, the ball may touch it.)

BALL IN THE NET

A ball that hits the net may be left in play as long as the team's three hit limit is not exceeded. If the ball breaks through the net or causes it to fall, the rally is annulled and replayed.

PLAYER AT THE NET

TRANSFER THROUGH THE GRID

When blocking, a player may touch the ball on the other side of the net, provided that he/she does not interfere with the opponent's play before or during his attack hit. After an attack hit, a player is allowed to transfer his hand to the other side of the net, provided that the contact was made within his/her own playing space.

PENETRATION UNDER THE NET

It is allowed to penetrate into the opponent's space under the net, provided that it does not interfere with the opponent's play. Crossing to the opponent's court through the center line: it is allowed to touch the opponent's court with the foot(s), provided that any part of the transferred foot(s) touches or is directly above the center line; it is allowed to touch the opponent's court with any part of the body above the feet, provided that this does not interfere with the opponent's play. A player may enter the opponent's court after the ball is out of play. Players may enter the opponent's free zone provided they do not interfere with the opponent's play.

CONTACT WITH THE GRID

A player's contact with the net is not a fault as long as it does not interfere with play. Players may touch the post, cords, or any other object behind the antennae, including the net, provided that this does not interfere with play. When the ball hits the net, which for this reason touches the opponent, it is not a fault.

PLAYER ERRORS AT THE NET

A player touches the ball or an opponent in opponent's space before or during an attack hit by an opponent. The player interferes with the opponent's play by penetrating into the opponent's space under the net. The player's foot(s) goes completely into the opponent's court. A player interferes with an opponent's play by (among other things): touching the top band of the net or the top 80 cm of the antenna during his/her action of playing the ball, using the net as support while playing the ball, or creating an advantage over an opponent by touching the net, or taking action that interfere with an opponent's legitimate attempt to play the ball.

Serve is the act of putting the ball into play by a right back row player who is in the service zone.

The first service in the first set, as well as in the decisive 5th set, is performed by the team determined by the draw. In other sets, the team that did not serve first in the previous set serves first.

Players must follow the order of serves recorded on the line-up card.

After the first service of the set, the server is determined as follows: when the server team wins the rally, the player (or his/her substitute) who served before serves again; when the receiving team wins the rally, they are entitled to serve and make a transition before serving. The player who moves from the right position of the front line to the right position of the back line will serve. The 1st referee allows the service after checking that both teams are ready to play and the server is in possession of the ball. The ball must be hit with one hand or any part of the arm after it has been tossed or released from the hand(s). Only once is it allowed to toss or release the ball. Tapping the ball (dribbling) or moving it in the hands is allowed. At the moment of hitting the ball for service or taking off for a jump service, the server must not touch the court (including the end line) or the surface outside the service zone. After the hit, he/she may step in or land outside the service area or on the pitch. The server must hit the ball within 8 seconds after the whistle of the 1st referee for a service made before the whistle of the referee is not counted and is repeated.

The players of the serving team must not prevent their opponents from seeing the server and the trajectory of the ball with an individual or group screen. A player or group of players from the serving team put up a screen by waving their arms, jumping or moving along the net during the service, or form a group to hide the server and the flight path of the ball.

ERRORS COMMITTED DURING SERVING

The following faults result in the service going over even if the opponent is in the wrong formation. Server: violates the service order, does not serve correctly.

After right hit on the ball, the service becomes an error (unless the player is out of position) if the ball: touches a player of the serving team or does not cross the vertical plane of the net completely through the crossing area; goes "for"; passes over the barrier.

ATTACK STRIKE

All actions that result in the ball being sent to the opponent's side, excluding serving and blocking, are considered attack hits. During an attack hit, a discount is allowed, provided the ball is hit cleanly and the ball is not tackled or thrown. An attack hit is completed when the ball completely crosses the vertical plane of the net or is touched by an opponent.

ATTACK HIT ERRORS

A player hits the ball in the playing space of the opposing team. The player sends the ball "out". A back row player completes an attack hit from the front zone when the ball is completely above the top of the net at the time of the hit. A player completes an attack hit on an opponent's serve when the ball is in the front zone and fully above the top of the net.

The Libero completes an attack hit when the ball is completely above the top of the net at the time of the hit.

A player completes an attack hit on the ball above the top of the net when a pass is made by the Libero's overhand fingers in his front zone.

BLOCK

Blocking is the action of players near the net to intercept the ball coming from an opponent, carried out by carrying any part of the body above the top edge of the net, regardless of the height of contact with the ball. Only front row players are allowed to participate in a completed block, and at the moment of contact with the ball, part of the body must be above the top of the net.

A block attempt is the action of blocking without touching the ball.

A block is valid if the ball is touched by the blocker.

A collective block is performed by two or three players close to each other and is completed when one of them touches the ball.

Consecutive (quick and continuous) contacts with the ball may occur with one or more blockers, provided that these contacts took place during one action.

BLOCKING IN OPPONENT SPACE

When blocking, a player may move his hands and arms to the other side of the net, provided that this action does not interfere with the opponent's play. Thus, it is not allowed to touch the ball on the opponent's side before the opponent has made an attack hit.

BLOCKING AND HITTING TEAM

A touch on the block does not count as a team hit. Therefore, after contact on the block, the team is given three hits to return the ball. The first hit after a block may be taken by any player, including the player who touched the ball on the block. Blocking an opponent's serve is prohibited.

BLOCKING ERRORS

The blocker touches the ball in the OPPONENT's space before or at the same time as the opponent's attack hit. A back row player or Libero blocks or participates in a completed block. Blocking an opponent's serve. The ball from the block goes out. Blocking the ball in the opponent's space behind the antenna. Libero's attempt to block individually or collectively.

Refereeing.

Composition and procedures.

1st judge,

2nd judge,

Secretary,

Four (two) linear.

For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, an assistant secretary is required.

PROCEDURES

Only the 1st and 2nd referees may blow the whistle during the match:

The 1st referee gives the signal to serve, which starts the rally;

The 1st or 2nd referee signals the end of the rally, provided that they are sure of the error and have determined its nature.

They may blow their whistle when the ball is out of play to indicate that they are allowing or denying a team's request.

Immediately after the referee's whistle signaling the end of the rally that has taken place, they must signal with official gestures:

if the error is called by the whistle of the 1st referee, he/she must signal in the following order:

a) the team that will serve;

b) the nature of the error;

c) the player(s) who committed the error (if necessary).

The 2nd referee repeats the gestures of the 1st referee:

If the error is called by the whistle of the 2nd referee, he/she must indicate:

a) the nature of the error;

b) the player(s) who committed the error (if necessary);

c) the team that will serve, repeating the gesture of the 1st referee.

In this case, the 1st referee does not indicate the nature of the error or the player who committed it, but only the team that will serve.

In the event of a double fault, both judges indicate in the following order:

a) the nature of the error;

b) players who made a mistake (if necessary);

c) the team to serve as indicated by the 1st referee.

JUDGES GESTURES

Permission to serve - indicate the direction of serving with a movement of the hand;

Serving team - extend your hand towards the team that should serve;

Change of platforms - raise the forearms in front and behind and rotate them around the body;

Time-out - place the palm of one hand over the fingers of the other, held vertically (in the shape of a T), and then indicate the requesting command;

Replacement - a circular movement of the forearms around each other;

Warning for misbehavior - show yellow card for warning;

Reprimand for misbehavior - show red card for reprimand;

Removal - show red and yellow cards together for removal;

Disqualification - show red and yellow cards separately for disqualification;

End of the party (match) - cross the forearms with open hands in front of the chest;

The ball is not tossed or released on a service hit - raise an outstretched arm with the palm facing up;

Delay in serving - raise eight spread fingers;

Blocking fault or screening - raise both hands vertically with palms forward;

Positional error or transition error - make a circular motion with the index finger;

Ball "in the court" - point with your hand and fingers in the direction of the floor;

Ball "for" - raise the forearms vertically with open palms facing the body;

Grip - slowly raise the forearm with the palm facing up;

Four hits - raise four divorced fingers;

Touching the net by a player - the served ball did not pass to the opponent through the transition area - indicate the corresponding side of the net with the corresponding hand;

Touching on the other side of the net - place your hand over the net with your palm down;

Error in an attacking blow - make a downward movement with the forearm with an open hand

Going to the opponent's court, crossing the ball of the lower square or the server touches the court (front line) or the player steps out of his court at the moment of hitting on the serve - point to the middle line or to the corresponding line;

Mutual fault or overplay - raise both thumbs vertically;

Touching the ball - run the palm of one hand over the fingers of the other, held vertically

Warning (remark) for delay - cover your wrist yellow card(warning) or red card (remark)

Bibliography

1. Volleyball. Furmanov A. 240 pp. Modern school, 2009

2. Volleyball for everyone. Bulykina L., E. Fomin 80 pp. TVT Division 2012

3. Volleyball: theory and methodology of training. A.V. Belyaev, L.V. Bulykin. 176 pp. TVT Division-2011.

4. Official Volleyball Rules 2013. 86 pages FIVB 2012

5. Volleyball. On some aspects of the game and refereeing. Kunyansky V.A. 2010 72 pages. Ed.: TVT Division

Hosted on Allbest.ru

...

Number of players in teams

Basic rules regarding the number of players in a team:

Each team must have 6 players on the court.
Three people occupy the front flank, the other three - the back.
Players can use the libero (this is the defender of the back flank).
The Libero can only play from the back.

Volleyball Court

Basic requirements for a volleyball court:

is a rectangular area. Length - 18 m, width - 9 m.
The site is divided by a grid in half. It is mounted on special holding antennas.
The height of the net for men's teams is set at 243 cm, for women's teams- 224 cm.
Half of the site of each team is divided into six sectors. There are players in the sectors.
On the back of the court are the defenders of the field, on the front - the attackers.
The transition between sectors is made in a circle, in a clockwise direction.
In the center is the sector of the central defender (libero). The Libero does not attack or block. According to the rules, the color of the libero's kit must be different from the color of the uniform of the whole team.

Volleyball rules: summary

Ball contact:

Both teams may touch the ball no more than three times until they have thrown it to the opposite zone. The exception is blocks, they do not count as touches.
The same player must not touch the ball more than once until the ball has been thrown to the opposite zone. The exception is blocks, they do not count towards touches.
The player may not catch or hold the ball in his hands.
You can not block or beat off the opponent's serve.
Touching the ball before it has flown to your side is against the rules.
Back wing players may not touch the ball on the front flanks. They protect the site only from behind. When attacked, they must make a jump.
Very important! A successful attack is considered only when the ball has flown over the top of the net.
It is allowed to hit the ball that has bounced off the net. It is considered a foul if it touches the net outside the antennas.
The ball must fly between the antennas (or similar) when serving from the other, or attacking the opposing team.

Scoring:

A point is awarded to the team if, when serving, the ball fell within the boundaries of the opponent's court. And also if he fell after an unsuccessful defense by the enemy.
A point is not counted if the ball landed outside the opponent's court (without touching the opponent's players), hit the antenna, hit the net outside the antennas.

Violations:

It is not allowed to attack the rear defender from the front positions. (It is not allowed for a back wing player to pass to the front flank to hit the ball).
It is not allowed to block the ball by a player from the back flank.
You can't block through the grid.
You cannot touch the ball twice after it is on your side of the court (that is, when you receive it).
The player may not touch the net while the ball is in play. Exception: it bounces off the net and does not fly to the side of the opponents.
You can't go over the line when serving.
You can hit the ball over the net if the opponent has used three touches of the ball. In other cases, it is prohibited.

Judges and refereeing:

The game is monitored by several referees (2 main referees, secretary referee and line referee).
The main control violations and show gestures to the teams. They start the match, they can also stop it.
The referee-secretary keeps the record of the match.
The line judge monitors compliance with the site markings during the game.
The signals for the referee's teams are shown with the help of hands and cards. If the referee shows a gesture with one hand, then it corresponds to the side of the team whose address is the signal.

Referee gestures in volleyball

As mentioned above, the referee signals for teams using his hands. The main gestures of referees in volleyball:

"Submission allowed" signal. The referee indicates in which direction the serve should be made.
Command signal. The referee indicates on which side of the field the serving team is located.
Signal "Change of the sides of the site." The Referee raises both hands - one in front of the body, the second on the back. And he changes hands.
Break signal. The Referee places his palms in a T. Then he points to the team asking for a break.
Change signal. Referee does circular motions forearms.
Signal "Warning for violation of discipline." The referee shows a yellow card.
"Removal of a player" signal. The referee shows a red card.
"Player disqualified" signal. The referee shows two cards.
Game over signal. The Referee crosses his arms with the hands in front of the chest.
Signal "The ball was not tossed when serving." The Referee extends his arm up with his palm raised.
Signal "Feed delay". (shown if the ball is held for more than eight seconds by the serving player). The referee shows eight fingers.
Barrier signal. The Referee raises his hands with palms forward.
Signal "Error in the arrangement or in the transition." The Referee points a circle in front of him with his finger.
"Ball in field" signal. The referee points to the floor, fingers should be straightened.
"Ball out" signal. The Referee raises the forearms with straight arms turned towards the Judge.
"Ball hold" signal. Referee raises forearm, palm points up.
"Double touch" signal. The referee shows two fingers.
"Four strikes" signal. The referee shows a hand with four fingers.
"Player touches the net" signal. The referee touches the net from the side of the offending team.
Signal "Playing over the net on the opponent's side". The referee holds his hand over the net.
"Impact Violation" signal. Referee pulls forearm down, palm open.
Signal "violation of site boundaries". The Referee points to the proper dividing line.
"Mutual fault and replay" signal. Referee shows thumbs both hands.
Ball touch signal. The Referee touches the fingers of the other hand with the palm of his hand, keeping his hands in a vertical position.
Signal "Remark for delay". The Referee covers the wrist of the other hand with the palm of his hand.

Gestures shown by linesmen

The main gestures of referees in volleyball (on the line):

"Ball in field" signal. The Referee shows the flag pointing down.
"Ball out of bounds" signal. The Referee shows the flag pointing up.
Ball touch signal. The Referee raises the flag and covers it with his free hand.
Signal "Judging impossible". Referee in front of you.

Now you know the basic gestures of referees in volleyball and its rules. Good game!

Before the start of the match. The refereeing team prepares for the start of the match as provided by the official protocol. Referees must be ready to present in official refereeing uniform at least 45 minutes before the scheduled start time of the match. The entire refereeing team - first referee, second referee, scorer, reserve referees, linesmen - must pass an alcohol test, which is carried out by the medical staff of the match organizers. If the first referee does not arrive on time at the appointed time, then the second referee must start the preparation procedure for the match, notifying the Control Committee of the match organizers about this. If the first referee fails to arrive or fails an alcohol test, or is unable to play the match due to any health problem, the second referee conducts the match as first referee and the fourth referee takes the place of second referee. If there is no fourth referee, then the match organizers, with the participation of the first referee, must decide who will act as second referee.

During the match . At the time of the service, the first referee watches the lineup of the serving team, the second referee watches the lineup of the receiving team. At the time of the service, the second referee must be positioned on the side of the court of the receiving team. After serving, he moves along the sideline to the center line, as close as possible to the attack line. During the attack, his position is on the side of the court of the defending team. Thus, during the match, the second referee must constantly change his position. It is the responsibility of the first referee to monitor all contact with the ball - players, equipment or other objects. Accordingly, he is the first to check for compliance with the rules of each touch of the ball. At the time of the attack, he looks directly at the attacking player and at the ball and, with peripheral vision, tracks the likely direction of the ball's flight. If the ball hits the net, the first referee must look in the direction of the vertical plane of the net. If players on the bench or in the warm-up area act against the rules, the 2nd referee must immediately inform the 1st referee, but only after the end of the rally. Only the first referee has the right to apply any sanctions to violators. When the 2nd referee notices an error in the line-up of the receiving team, he blows his whistle and, using official gestures, indicates the error and indicates the players who violated the line-up. According to the rules of the game of volleyball, each mistake made by the players is punished with a point. Therefore, it is important that each referee immediately signals a noticed error made by players in his area of responsibility. On the whistle of one of the judges, the draw ends. After the whistle of one referee, the other referee does not have the right to use his whistle, since the rally has already ended on the first whistle. If the referees give repeated whistles, this will cause confusion among the players and spectators. It is the responsibility of the second referee to answer requests for interruptions during the match (coaching breaks, substitutions, medical assistance, etc.), but only if the ball is out of play. If the 2nd referee, for any reason, has not noticed the request to suspend play addressed to him, the 1st referee may assist the 2nd referee by responding to the request. If during the match the second referee notices unsportsmanlike behavior of any of the players, then at the first opportunity (after the end of the draw), he must inform the first referee about this, who in turn warns or punishes the offenders, depending on the severity of the misconduct.

Replays. During international official competitions under the auspices of the FIVB, the broadcaster of the tournament hosts may ask for a "replay delay" in the event that necessary equipment for this agreed with the Tournament Organizing Committee and the FIVB Control Committee. To do this, an electric lamp is installed on a pole in front of the first referee, with the help of which the TV presenter can signal the required time delay to repeat the previous episode of the game. However, this request can be made no more than 8 times per set, and the time delay between the draws each time can not be more than 7 seconds.

Breaks between games. The official volleyball rules state that a competent person, in agreement with the organizers, can increase the break between the second and third sets to 10 minutes. In this case, after the second set, the teams and the referees must leave the playing hall (go to the dressing room) and return back 3 minutes before the start of the third set. Actions of players and referees during the usual (3-minute) breaks between sets (from 1 to 4):

Teams: At the end of each set, six players from each team must line up on the end line of their side of the court. Players change sides of the court in the direction where the first referee's tower is located. Judge Secretary: After the whistle signaling the end of the last rally in the set, the referee-scorer must start the stopwatch in the score counter, counting the time of the break between the sets. After 2 minutes 30 seconds the 2nd referee blows his whistle or the scorer buzzer sounds. Teams Judges: The 2nd referee checks the line-up of the players by comparing it with the line-up card, then gives permission for the libero to take his position. After that, the ball server gives the ball to the server. After 3 minutes, the first referee blows his whistle for service. Break before the decisive set. Teams: At the end of the game before the deciding set, 6 players from each team line up on the end line of the corresponding side of the court. In the direction of the first referee, the teams go to their benches. Team captains: Approach the table of the scorer to participate in the draw. Judges: Come to the table for the draw. After 2 minutes 30 seconds the 2nd referee blows his whistle or the scorer buzzer sounds. Teams: The six players of each team indicated on the line-up card immediately enter the court. Judges: The 2nd referee checks the line-up of the players by comparing it with the line-up card, then gives permission for the libero to take his position. After that, the ball server gives the ball to the server. After 3 minutes, the first referee blows his whistle for service. When the leading team reaches the 8th point in the deciding set:

Teams: After the rally, 6 players of each team line up on the end line of the corresponding side of the court. At the signal of the first referee, the teams change sides and immediately go to the court without delay. Judges: The second referee checks the correct placement of both teams, the readiness of the scorer and signals to the first referee that he is ready to continue the second part of the game. During coaching breaks, technical time-outs and breaks between sets, the second referee ensures that the players go out of bounds to give the court moppers the opportunity to do their job. After the match. According to FIVB protocol, after the game, the first and second referees stand in front of the referee's tower. The players of both teams are built on the end line of the corresponding side of the court. The first referee blows his whistle, and the players approach the referees from both sides and shake hands with them, then walk along the net and greet the opponents, after which they approach their benches. The first and second referees along the net come to the table of the scorer, check the game protocol, sign it and thank the scorer and linesmen for the game. But even after that, the work of the judges is not over yet. Even after final whistle the referees must record instances of unsportsmanlike conduct among the players participating in the match. As long as the teams are in sports complex, cases of unsportsmanlike conduct are recorded and recorded in the game protocol in the "Notes" section or described in a separate report.

Referee team in volleyball

Functions, rights and obligations of volleyball referees

A referee team is being created to hold a volleyball match. The regulation provides for a specific referee team depending on the rank of the competition. When holding competitions in physical education teams, usually one meeting is held by the first referee and the secretary of the meeting, who keeps the minutes of the meeting and acts as the second referee. When holding competitions within the physical education team, the meeting can be served by one judge. When holding high-ranking competitions, a team of nine judges is appointed for one match: the first and second referees, the secretary of the match, the informing judge, the scoreboard operator or scorer, four judges on the line and six ball feeders, and on international competitions two more platform wipers.

Only the first and second referees are allowed to blow their whistle during the match. All other members of the refereeing team, strictly in accordance with their authority, can draw the attention of the first referee to the violation of the rules of the competition by the players with the established gestures. The secretary of the meeting in case of violation of the order of service informs the second referee about this, who makes the final decision - to stop the meeting. If the meeting is conducted by two referees (the first and the secretary of the meeting), then in case of violation of the arrangement, the secretary must stop the meeting with a whistle and explain to the team the nature of the violation.

The first referee blows the whistle for the service, which announces the start of the game action.
The first and second referees blow the whistle to stop the game only when they know for sure that a mistake has been made and when the nature of this mistake is clear to them. If the game action is over, even if an obvious error is recorded, the referees are obliged to blow the whistle to stop the game. Here they must do the following in sequence:

Show the nature of the mistake made with an official gesture;

Show the number of the player (with a finger gesture) or indicate the player who made this mistake, indicate with a hand gesture the team that should serve after making this mistake. Sometimes the referee finds it difficult to determine the player who was touched when the ball was blocked. In such situations, he points to the players involved in the blocking. This should be done slowly, each gesture should be clearly visible to the team players and spectators and understandable to them.

The referee of the meeting must monitor the observance of the rules of the competition and sports ethics. For identical violations, he must make the same decisions. If he made a mistake in determining the violations of the competition rules by the players and realized this before the ball was put into play, he must reverse his erroneous decision.

When an action is not terminated due to a violation of the rules of the competition, the match referee must announce a “dropped ball” with an official signal and invite the team that served before this game action to perform a re-serve. In this case, no point is added to either team. This situation is possible:

After the players of both teams commit a mutual error;

The referee mistakenly stopped the game;

The 1st referee overruled the decision of the 2nd referee when he erroneously (in the opinion of the 1st referee) stopped the action with the whistle;

Game action was interrupted when a player was injured;

When a second ball or other foreign object appears on the court.

Referees should not use the authority to call a dropped ball as a way out of a difficult situation when they are in doubt about the violation of the rules and cannot determine the team at fault.
If the referee realized that before that he made an erroneous decision, which he did not cancel, then in the future he should in no case compensate for this to the injured team, otherwise he does not correct, but aggravates the mistake (makes a second mistake) and in the representation of the players , officials and spectators appears biased, which undermines its authority.
Referees should not quarrel with players and allow contestation decisions taken.
Unruly players who express dissatisfaction with the decisions of the referees with words or gestures must be immediately punished in accordance with the rules. In this case, the first referee stops the match with a whistle in order to give a warning or punish the team or individual player for misbehavior. If indiscipline was shown during a game action, then the referee must stop the match after the end of the game action so that this stoppage is not in favor of the offending team.

Spectacular pumping of the body - Health Portal

Volleyball Referee Board. Catalog of articles about sport and healthy way of life. Gestures shown by linesmen

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar Documents

Number of players in teams

Volleyball Court

Volleyball rules: summary

Referee gestures in volleyball

Gestures shown by linesmen

Spectacular pumping of the body - Health Portal

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar Documents

Number of players in teams

Volleyball Court

Volleyball rules: summary

Referee gestures in volleyball

Gestures shown by linesmen

RELATED ARTICLES