life safety fundamentals

6th grade

Lesson 11

Topic:

Target: 1. To form a holistic view of cycling tourism among students, the requirements for participants in a cycling trip.

2. Introduce the main activities carried out in preparation for the trip, ensuring the safety of its participants, organizing the movement of tourists on the route.

3. Cultivate a culture safe behavior during a bike trip.

Equipment : presentation, multimedia projector, screen, memos, tests, notebooks.

Lesson type : combined

During the classes.

I. Organizing time

- Sit down.

Today we have guests at the lesson - life safety teachers from other schools in our district, but I ask you guys not to worry.

II. Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Guess the riddle:

I don't look like a piano

But I also have a pedal.

Who is not a coward and not a coward,

I'll ride that famously.

I don't have a motor.

And I'm called ... ( bike).

What hike are we talking about today?

Right. The topic of today's lessonBicycle trips and safety of tourists (slide 1). What do you think we will meet today?

Slide. Output. In class, we need to get to know

1. The main features of cycling tourism and the requirements for its participants.

2. Preparing for a bike trip.

3. Features of the personal safety of participants in a cycling trip .

III. Checking homework.

Let's review with you the material of the previous lessons.

Can you tell me what a hike is? ( Hike - organized movement of a group of people for a specific purpose)

What kind of trips are there according to the mode of transportation? (walking, cycling, equestrian, water, skiing).
- How long are the trips? (one-day, multi-day, weekend hikes).

What are the main features water tourism?

What are the main hazards of water tourism?

Tell us how to prepare for a water trip?

2. Answer the test questions.

1. What is the mode of transitions during hiking on flat terrain?

A). 30 minutes of movement 30 minutes of rest.

B). 40 min. movement 10-20 min. rest.

IN). 1 hour movement 20-30 minutes rest.

2. When hiking in mountainous areas, what should be the mode of movement and rest?

BUT). 45 minutes movement 15 minutes rest.

B). 40 min. movement 30 min rest.

IN). 1 hour movement 20 min. rest.

3. . After what time do they make a minute stop during a long climb in the mountains?

BUT). Every 5-7 minutes.

B). After 10-15 minutes.

IN). After 15-20 minutes.

4. From which side should a drowning person be pulled out of the water into the boat?

BUT). From the left side.

B). From the right side.

IN). From the stern.

5. What is the optimal distance between skiers during a ski trip in good weather?

BUT). 8-10 m.

B). 4-5 m.

IN). 6-7 m.

6. . Where to start when preparing for ski trip?

BUT). Ski lubricants.

B). Collections of ski poles.

IN). fortifications physical health and hardening.

7. In what places in the mountains you can not set up a bivouac?

BUT). In meadows with tall grass.

B). At the mouths of dry rivers.

IN). Near tall trees.

8. In what part of the boat during the water trip should be life buoys?

BUT). In the bow.

B). In the stern.

IN). Overboard, tied to the boat with a rope.

Mutual verification of test results.

1) b, 2) a, 3) b, 4) c, 5) a, 6) c, 7) b, 8) a.

Swap notebooks and check the test (slide). Rate each other.

I V . Working on a new theme.

A student's story about a bicycle.

Bicycles are the wind
Shaving flight from the hills.
There is no faster means in the world
Go forward without fuel.

Freedom to choose your path
Expanses of arable lands and meadows.
Easily pedaling legs,
And the night - by the rivers or ponds.

What is a bicycle? Slide.(Bike - a vehicle having two or more wheels and drivenin the movement of human muscle power).

Why did the bike get such a name? In Latin, "velox" means "quick" and "pedis" means "legs". So it turned out "bicycle", that is, "fast-footed".

Message. History of the development of cycling tourism(slide).

Now we will get acquainted with the history of the development of cycling tourism.

The history of cycling is lost in the mists of time. Travelers can be counted among the first cyclists who, for lack of a better way, perched on horses, donkeys, donkeys and camels. Centuries passed before humanism and the struggle for animal rights, with the assistance and development of science and technology, allowed people to transfer to a normal two-wheeled device with a pedal-foot drive. More than 100 years flew by before this hobby became truly massive and began to take civilized forms.

The first tourist club in Russia appeared in St. Petersburg at the end of the 19th century, its core was cyclists. new history It is customary to calculate cycling tourism since 1958, when the Leningrad Tourist Club (LCT) was formed, which united in sections all the then existing types of tourism, including cycling. The peak of cycling tourist activity occurred in the second half of the 70s and 80s, when groups of Leningrad cyclists made expeditions of high complexity in the Caucasus, Pamir, Tien Shan, Altai.

3. The teacher continues. Slide.

For young cyclists there are certain age restrictions. Riding a bike on the roads Rules traffic allowed to persons under 14 years of age. And participate in cycling hiking trips also from the age of 14. However, this age by the decision of the relevant bodies of the republics in the composition Russian Federation, territories, regions can be reduced, but not more than 2 years.

But young tourists who have reached the age of 12 can participate with their parents in weekend cycling trips.

Slide. In recent years, cycling has become an increasingly popular form of recreation. The growth of its popularity is associated with the fashion for healthy lifestyle life in general, since cycling is one of the most environmentally friendly and healthy types of tourism. It attracts not only with a sense of speed, freedom, but also with interesting excursions, improves its physical form. as well as the possibility of a good rest in nature. A cyclist can travel a considerable distance. Cycling trips can be one-day and multi-day, single and group. They can pass over rough terrain and on flat roads. In cycling, unlike other types of cycling, there is no competitive aspect - tourists do not need to come to the finish line faster than others.

Slide. Depending on purpose and lengthbike trip selection is made for him. So, if the hike will mainly take place over rough terrain, especially in the mountains, then it is more suitable for him . If the route of the hike is laid mostly on flat roads, then the usual one will do. or option (for short trips). In general, when choosing a bike, you should be guided by considerations of convenience and reliability. Remember that you will have to spend in not one day.

Slide.

When preparing for any cycling trip, it is necessary to carefully inspect the bike. The bike must have working brakes and a horn.When moving in dark time day, the bike must be equipped in front with a white flashlight, and in the back with a red reflector. It is necessary to identify and eliminate malfunctions and deviations from normal operation, especially moving Parts; wipe and lubricate all rubbing parts; check wheel balance and tire inflation; reinforce the trunk. After that, you need to test the bike on the go.

Slide. In the process of preparing for a hike, you should think over and select equipment, taking into account the duration and complexity of the route. In the equipment of a cyclist, in addition to ordinary things, traditional and necessary in any tourist trip(for example, a tent, a backpack, dishes, campfire equipment, etc.), a repair kit is required (even for a one-day trip). Typically, a repair kit includes: a kit wrenches, pliers, screwdriver, rubber glue, patch rubber, scissors, Bicycle Pump and spare parts (spare tire or tube, nuts, washers, ball bearings, spokes, brake pads, etc.).

The clothing of a cyclist must match his hiking style and comfort when cycling. You must have two pairs of shorts and T-shirts with short sleeves, a cowboy shirt, a light cotton suit, short (knee-length) trousers or shorts, 3-4 pairs of cotton socks and bicycle gloves. In case of cold weather, a wool sweater, wool socks, gloves and a storm jacket will not be superfluous. As a headgear, it is advisable to take a light Panama hat or a cotton cap with a visor. On a hike, as experience shows, cyclists usually manage with two pairs of shoes: when moving - sneakers with a hard sole, on vacation - slippers or sandals.

Organization of the movement of cyclists on the route

Bicycles can be traveled almost throughout the country. However, novice cyclists are recommended areas where flat roads prevail in any weather, and most of the routes are laid through wooded areas.

Experts advise choosing roads for cycling local importance with asphalt or sand and gravel. High-speed highways and federal highways are not recommended for cyclists due to the increased danger caused by heavy traffic and high air pollution above them.

Multi-day hikes and bike trips are usually made in groups of 4 - 6 people. Such a group is considered the most mobile, able to quickly provide the necessary assistance to the injured tourist and eliminate the technical malfunction.

While driving along the route heightened attention tourists are required to climb and descend. However, short and gentle climbs can be overcome on the move, while long and protracted climbs are best done on foot. On descents, cyclists need to slow down from the very beginning of the descent, while maintaining a distance of 10-12 m from another cyclist. high speed the bike can skid. When driving, it is also necessary to take into account that the shoulder is loose and you should drive onto it very carefully in order to avoid falling due to a sharp decrease in speed.

It is recommended to make a technical halt 20 - 25 minutes after the start of the movement. It is carried out in order to check the technical serviceability of bicycles and eliminate the identified shortcomings. The speed of movement on the route for novice tourists should not exceed 10-12 km / h. Get involved high speeds should not be, as it requires not only significant physical costs, but also increased attention in driving a bicycle, which deprives a person of the opportunity to see the beauty of the surrounding nature.

The daily routine of cyclists depends on the time of year and the hiking area. The day trip must end 1-2 hours before dark. The most important condition ensuring the safety of the bike tour is the strict observance by all tourists of the group of the Rules of the road.

The speed during the movement along the route must be maintained taking into account the condition of the road and reduce it on slopes, especially on roads with poor coverage, as well as when driving on a wet highway or dirt road with puddles. Tourists should be aware that it is forbidden to continue driving along the route at dusk and at night, as well as when visibility on the road is poor due to fog or heavy haze. If it is necessary to move in such conditions, the bicycle should be carried by hand, observing the rules for the movement of pedestrians on the roads. Experienced tourists are advised to constantly monitor the condition of the bike, conduct a daily technical inspection, and immediately correct any malfunctions and deviations in work. High level discipline in a group of cyclists also ensures safety.

Cycling safety.

So, you got on a bike and travel on large and small roads. How to ensure safety while cycling?

First, follow the rules of the road. A cyclist for a driver is worse than a monkey with a grenade. A bicycle is much more maneuverable than a car. Therefore, a bicycle on the road is the object of attention No. 1. They will go around you, let you through, just so as not to have problems. All that is required of you is to behave according to the expectations of the drivers. Remember that only the edge of the right lane or the shoulder is reserved for the bike, crossroads with roads wider than one lane must be crossed by jumping off the saddle.

If you are traveling at night, be sure to hang a red reflector on the back, or better a headlight - a cyclist cannot be seen more than ten meters at night, you can simply be knocked down.

When traveling in mountainous areas, do not be lazy to check the health of the brakes. They are your stronghold and hope. Do not set off on a journey with only one serviceable brake: one has failed, the second may also fail. Strongly accelerating on the descent, do not slow down sharply. First, you will be carried away. Secondly, the brakes found on most bikes may not be able to withstand the load.

A helmet and leg shields have never harmed anyone. Other gear for the pros should match your "skill" level. If you are securing your feet on the pedals in any way, wear protection or at least a helmet as well. The equipment class should match not only your skills, but also the various items of equipment.

Consolidation. Solution of situational problems.

Now you have to solve situational problems. In order for you to find the right solution to get out of a difficult situation, you are offered reminders. (Appendix: memo).

a) Open the notes. Learn about the requirements for cyclists to ensure safe cycling trips (on your own).

Situation #1.

During a cycling trip, the bike broke down. Your actions.

b) Read the excerpts from the rules of the road that a cyclist is prohibited on the roads (on your own).

List what is forbidden to a cyclist according to the rules of the road?

6. Now let's check ourselves. Slide.

Now let's check ourselves.

1.At what age can you ride a bike on the streets?

2. What sign is allowed for cycling?

3.What must be checked before each bike ride?

Answer:

1. Check the tire pressure, the serviceability of the brake hub of the rear wheel, as well as the strength of the connection of the semi-frames.

2. Clean the mechanism from dust and dirt.

3. You don't need to check anything.

V . Summing up the lesson.

a) Reflection

– Tell me, guys, were we bored at the lesson today? Why?

– What question or task did you like the most?

b) Grading

V I . Homework. Slide.
Study § 2.5 of the textbook on questions and complete one task of your choice:

Choose riddles for this topic.

Find and learn a poem about a bicycle.

Recording d / z in the diary

Well, now for your parting words:
Before trouble, do not get lost, be brave,
Suppress the involuntary fear in your soul.
In order to do the right thing,
Young friend, study life safety! Slide.

Recently, a huge number of people began to pay great attention to cycling. Therefore, a variety of proposals for the organization of various cycling routes around the world appear on the tourist services market. The leaders in these proposals are the countries of Western Europe (Germany, Holland, Austria, Switzerland, France) and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland).

Some people ride bikes for fun, others do cycling professionally. But both are included in the risk group for cycling tourism.

If professionals use certain protections and are aware of the issues, then amateurs, as a rule, are not. Around the world, cyclists, along with pedestrians, are the most involved in road accidents.

Not all bicycles are equipped according to the requirements of the regulations. One of the problems associated with bicycles is the lack of visibility of bicycles from the side. Bicycle with multiple speeds and low handlebars racing type has a higher risk of an accident than a conventional bicycle. On such a machine, it is easier to achieve high speed, and the tilted head reduces visibility for the cyclist.

Protective equipment bike makes it more visible in traffic and allows the cyclist to maneuver better and stop faster. Improved reflectors and lighting devices increase the detection distance of a cyclist at night and thus reduce the risk of an accident.

Front wheel brake gives a shorter stopping distance than a brake on the rear wheel. The shortest stopping distance is given by the brakes on both wheels. A rim brake is more effective than a hub brake, a handbrake is more effective than a pedal brake. Synthetic brake pads are more reliable than rubber ones. Leather pads perform better in rainy weather than rubber pads.

A bike with a high handlebar is harder to handle than a bike with a regular handlebar. This makes it difficult to maneuver on the road. The same applies to bicycles with small wheels.

Children should be singled out as a special risk group, since when buying bicycles, parents often forget to explain to their child the rules of behavior on the road. In the United States, approximately 250 cyclist children under the age of 14 die every year, and more than 400,000 are hospitalized with various injuries.

In order to make your bike more visible, easier to ride and less likely to be involved in an accident, you need to pay attention to the following elements:

• headlights and reflective devices;
• brakes;
• height and design of the steering wheel;
• wheel diameter and distance between wheels;
• speed system design;
• call bell;
• warning limiters;
• spoke protection;
• seat or bicycle trailer for a child;
• bicycle helmet.

It should be borne in mind that during cycling trips a helmet is the main element of equipment. In countries with a developed cycling culture, it is not customary to ride without a helmet, and sometimes it is simply forbidden. In the US, cyclist accident statistics show that in 85% of cases fatal outcome was caused by the lack of a helmet. This is due to the fact that while riding, the cyclist keeps his hands on the handlebars, and in the event of a fall, he most likely will not have the opportunity to protect his head, and a fall can happen even with the most careful riding.

Injuries while cycling

Scuffs can occur during cycling internal surfaces thighs, palms of the hands, sprains of the lower extremities. Sometimes during a fast ride, specks, small insects, get into the eyes. As a result of falls, extensive abrasions and bruises are not excluded. Falls cause fractures (usually collarbones), concussions, and bruised lacerations.

According to British sources for cyclists, there are 15 serious and 61 minor injuries per death.

Russia also has relevant statistics. According to the special tourist information server Velo-DTP.NET.ru, as of May 1, 2007, the following incidents with cyclist tourists were noted in the country during the year (Table 5).

Table 5. Incidents involving cyclists

Total accidents
Collision with a passing vehicle turning right
The car presses the cyclist on the left, forcing out of the roadway
Collision between a cyclist on a main road and a car on a secondary road
Collision with an oncoming vehicle turning left while the cyclist is moving straight ahead
Collision with a car when a cyclist crosses the road at a pedestrian crossing
Burning of a cyclist on wet pavement/pothole/obstacle, etc.
Collision between cyclist and pedestrian
Collision of a cyclist with the opening left door of a passenger car
Car hit in the back rear wheel) cyclist
Collision on the sidewalk with a car leaving the yard
Other (not separately identified) types of accidents
Collision of a cyclist with the opening right car door
Collision between a cyclist and a parked car or other stationary object
Collision with a vehicle in reverse
Collision with a car cutting (overtaking) a cyclist on the right
Collision between a cyclist on a secondary road and a car on a main road
Collision between a cyclist and a car leaving the parking lot in the right lane
Collision between two cyclists traveling in parallel
Collision on the roadway with a car leaving the yard or roadside area
Collision between a cyclist and a minibus that abruptly swerved to the right or left
Overtaking by a cyclist on the right of a standing vehicle

The distribution of accidents by months clearly demonstrates the seasonality of this type of accident (Table 6).

Table 6. Distribution of accidents by months

Total accidents
September

The April, June and September peaks of accidents are also easily explained, associated with the “opening of the season”, the beginning of summer holidays and the return of schoolchildren to the city after a relaxing summer.

Bicycles can be ridden on almost any road, path and just on a flat surface. Driving a bike in your hands, it is easy to overcome various obstacles while moving along the route: cross ravines, cross sands, ford a river. Cyclists have more opportunities in choosing a travel route: the speed of a cyclist is several times higher than the speed of a pedestrian.

For a day of movement, trained cyclists, depending on various conditions hike (weather conditions, route complexity) can travel from 40 to 120 km. In addition, a cyclist does not need to carry hiking equipment on a hike: he can strengthen it on a bicycle.

Bicycle tourism in Russia emerged in the late 1890s. In 1895, a society of cyclists-tourists was organized in St. Petersburg. Already at that time, lovers of cycling organized long trips: from Moscow to St. Petersburg, from St. Petersburg to Paris.

Nowadays, the appeal of cycling is growing, especially after the introduction of different kinds bicycles and increased opportunities for cycling trips.

Each participant in a cycling trip must be fluent in the technique of cycling, be able to prepare the bike for the trip and keep it in good condition.

There are certain age limits for young cyclists. Driving a bicycle on the roads According to the rules of the road, people are allowed at least 14 years old and participate in cycling tourist trips also from the age of 14. Must be well understood

Rules of the road and duties of a cyclist as a driver of a vehicle

For cycling and hiking, any bicycle, both road and sports, is suitable.

road bike It has a strong frame and wide tires. The handlebar height of a road bike can be adjusted. Road bike parts are made with a large margin of safety. This bike goes well on bumpy unpaved roads, as well as on sand and gravel.

At sports bikes less weight, lighter wheels with narrow tires, they have an easier ride and good maneuverability. Sports bikes are preferable to use when driving on paved roads (asphalt or concrete).

When preparing for any cycling trip, it is necessary to carefully inspect the bike, identify and eliminate malfunctions and deviations in operation, especially moving parts, wipe and lubricate all rubbing parts, check wheel balance and tire inflation, brake operation, strengthen the trunk. After that, you need to test the bike on the go.

In preparation for the hike it is necessary to think over and select equipment taking into account the duration and complexity of the route. In addition to the usual things necessary for any hiking trip (tent, backpack, dishes, campfire equipment, etc.), the equipment of a cyclist necessarily includes a repair kit (even for a one-day trip). The repair kit includes: a set of wrenches, pliers, a screwdriver, rubber glue, rubber for patches, scissors, a bicycle pump and spare parts (spare tire or tube, nuts, washers, ball bearings, spokes, brake pads, etc.).

From clothes to a cyclist you must have two pairs of shorts and T-shirts with short sleeves, a cowboy shirt, a light cotton suit, short (knee-length) trousers or shorts, three to four pairs of cotton socks and bicycle gloves. In case of cold weather, a wool sweater, wool socks, gloves and a storm jacket are required. As a headdress, you can take a light panama hat or a cotton cap with a visor.

On a hike, cyclists usually get by with two pairs of shoes.: for movement - sneakers with a hard sole, for relaxation - slippers or sandals.

Organization of traffic on the route

Bicycles can be traveled throughout the country. However, beginner cyclists are recommended areas where flat roads prevail in any weather, and most of the routes go through wooded areas.

For cycling, it is best to choose local roads with asphalt or sand and gravel. High-speed highways and federal highways are not recommended for cyclists because of their increased danger due to heavy traffic and high air pollution above them.

Multi-day hikes and bike trips are usually made in groups of 4-6 people. Such a group is considered the most compact and mobile, capable of quickly providing the necessary assistance to a tourist injured in a traffic accident and eliminating a technical malfunction of a bicycle. Must have an adult leader.

When moving along the route, the ascents and descents require a lot of attention from tourists.. Short and gentle climbs can be overcome on the move, long and protracted ones are best done on foot.

On descents, cyclists should slow down from the very beginning of the descent., maintaining a distance of 10-12 m. Steep turns on the slopes should be driven at low speed, as the bike can skid at high speed. It must be borne in mind that the shoulder is very loose and you should move onto it very carefully to avoid falling due to a sharp decrease in speed.

After 20-25 minutes after the start of the movement, it is recommended to make a technical halt. Such a halt is carried out to check the technical serviceability of bicycles and eliminate the identified shortcomings. The speed of movement on the route for beginner tourists is 10-12 km / h. You should not get carried away with high speeds, as this requires not only significant physical costs, but also increased attention in driving a bicycle, which deprives a person of the opportunity to see the beauty of the surrounding nature.

The daily routine of cyclists depends on the time of year and the hiking area, the daytime transition should end 1-2 hours before dark.

Ensuring the safety of a bike trip

The most important condition for ensuring the safety of a cycling trip is the strict observance by all tourists of the group of the Rules of the Road.

Speed ​​while on route it is necessary to withstand taking into account the condition of the road and reduce it on slopes, especially on roads with poor coverage, as well as when driving on a wet highway or dirt road with puddles.

Can't continue on route at dusk and at night, as well as in poor visibility on the road due to fog or heavy haze. If it is necessary to move in such conditions, the bicycle should be carried by hand, observing the rules for pedestrian traffic on the roads.

You need to constantly monitor the condition of the bike, conducting its technical inspection daily, and immediately correct any malfunctions and deviations in work.

High discipline in a bike trip also ensures safety.

Test yourself

■ Why is cycling tourism attractive and what features should be taken into account when preparing for it?
■ What are the age limits for young cyclists?
■ What should I pay attention to when preparing my bike for a trip in the first place?

After school

Select the basic safety precautions you need to follow on your cycling route and write them down in your safety diary.

Make a list of things and tools that you would take with you on a multi-day bike trip.

Cycling trips and tourist safety»

The purpose of the lesson:

1. Gain knowledge on safe cycling.
2. To form a conscious attitude of students to ensure their own safety when cycling.

Lesson objectives:

1. To study the components of safety at the stage of preparation for cycling trips.
2. Recommendations for ensuring safety during the period of cycling trips.

Lesson form:conversation with elements of a survey of students on previously studied material.

Educational and methodological support of the lesson:

1. Cards.
2. Compass.
3. Rules of the road (SDA).
4. OBZh textbook.
5. The plan is a summary of the lesson.

Time: 40 minutes.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment - 2 min.
2. Introductory information to link to previous topics - 3 min.
3. Measures to ensure the safety of the upcoming cycling trip at the stage of preparation for it:

• route selection, additional study of issues of orientation on the ground and special training for practicing actions in emergency (emergency) situations - 5 minutes;
• study of traffic rules to the movement of cyclists - 5 minutes;
• preparation of the bicycle and equipment for the safe conduct of the upcoming trip - 5 min.
• cyclist equipment for a bike trip - 5 min.
• practicing first aid skills - 2 min.

1. Safety measures during the cycling trip - 10 min.
2. Summing up and homework - 3 min.

Expand the meaning of this topic in general rules security during active rest in nature (hiking, skiing, water, one-day and multi-day trips). Convince students of the need to learn the rules of safe behavior when cycling. Show the connection of the acquired knowledge and skills with personal safety when conducting tourist bike trips

Measures to ensure the safety of the upcoming cycling trip at the stage of preparation for it.

The key to successful, safe passage of the route in the first place is a thorough and comprehensive preparation for a hike or trip. This implies:

 compilation (planning) of the route, collection of information about the features of the travel area, taking into account the specific traffic conditions that will be encountered in this particular area;

 preparation of participants for the hike;

 preparation of equipment;

 equipment of cyclists;

 Preparing the bike for the trip.

When planning a routeit is necessary to proceed from the possibility of overcoming it on a bicycle by all participants of the trip. The route can pass through flat, mountainous, desert areas. Beginning cyclists are recommended areas where flat roads prevail in any weather, and most of the route goes through wooded areas.

For cycling, it is better to choose roads with asphalt or sand and gravel. Highways and federal highways are not recommended for cyclists due to their increased danger due to heavy vehicle traffic.

Formation and preparation of the groupfor a hike is of paramount importance for ensuring safety during a hike.

Multi-day hikes and bike rides are best done in a group of 4-6 people. Such a group is the most mobile and is able to quickly provide the necessary assistance to the injured tourist and eliminate the technical malfunction of the bicycle.

First of all, it is necessary to evaluate physical training future participants of the campaign, their age. Riding a bicycle on traffic rules is allowed for persons under 14 years of age, but young tourists who have reached the age of 12 can participate with their parents in weekend cycling trips, subject to a good knowledge of the Rules of the Road and the duties of a cyclist. An indispensable condition for a cyclist should be good skills driving a bicycle, the ability to assess the technical condition of a bicycle not only in preparation for a hike, but also in the process of riding.

Another condition for the formation of a group is the psychological compatibility of its members. It is desirable that there are members of the group with medical training.

Preparation for the hike participants should include:

 development of practical skills in providing first aid;

 drills to work out actions in various emergency situations;

 additional study of the rules of orientation on the ground (especially for hiking in the desert);

 study of traffic rules and additional requirements for the movement of bicycles.

In the process of developing skills in providing first aid, it is necessary to complete a first-aid kit for a hike.

There may be various unplanned special cases(emergency situations), so the most possible must be worked out before the trip, which will positively affect the safety of the trip. These can be: falls, encounters with animals (dogs and ...), difficult sections of the route, dangerous weather conditions (thunderstorm activity) and so on.

Improving skills according to the rules of orienteering on the ground is carried out using a map, compass, according to the Sun. A hiking group must have at least two compasses and two maps.

Complete a quick quiz on using a map and compass to navigate the area.

Conduct a survey of students on the knowledge of additional traffic rules for the movement of bicycles.

Group members should study in depth the general traffic rules.

Preparing your bike and equipment for a hike is an important factor in the safety of a hike.When preparing for a trip, it is necessary to carefully examine and eliminate malfunctions and deviations in operation, especially moving parts, wipe and lubricate all rubbing parts, check wheel balance and tire inflation, brake operation, strengthen the trunk. Check the bike on the go. Touklips are of particular danger for those who have started using them recently, when a person in an emergency does not have time to pull his leg out of the touklips and falls. Therefore, special training trips are needed to get used to the touklips, preferably on a soft road or meadow grass, while to develop a reflex, you should periodically take your legs out of the touklips in turn, push off from the ground and put them back on the pedals. At first, do not overtighten the toe clip straps.

It is necessary to choose equipment taking into account the duration and complexity of the route. In addition to the usual things necessary for any trip (tent, backpack, dishes, campfire equipment, etc.), the tourist’s equipment must necessarily include a repair kit (a set of wrenches, pliers, a screwdriver, rubber glue, rubber for patches, scissors, a bicycle pump, spare parts). Red flags are attached to the bicycles that guide and close to the trunk at the back of the backpack (for drivers of vehicles they indicate the beginning and end of a column of cyclists). The guide and trailer must have rear-view bicycle mirrors, and the trailer must have a whistle for an emergency stop of the group.

Outfit for a cyclistmust be selected from the point of view of the safety of the cycling trip (on the move and at the bivouac) Jackets, primarily guiding and trailing, must have a bright color (red, orange, yellow). Hats are obligatory in all seasons and in any weather, helmets are required in mountainous areas. You must have a change of underwear, 3-4 pairs of socks, cycling gloves, riding shoes and light slippers for relaxing, a woolen sweater, and a windbreaker.

Safety measures during the cycling trip must be strictly followed.

Before leaving for the route, it is necessary to instruct the participants in the trip on traffic safety, on safety precautions in various hiking situations.

When driving, remember the basic safety recommendations.

After 20 - 25 min. after the start of the movement, it is recommended to make a technical halt to check the technical serviceability of the bicycles and eliminate the identified shortcomings.

Increased attention to descents and ascents. Short and gentle climbs can be overcome on the move, long and protracted better to go on foot. On descents, you should slow down from the very beginning of the descent, maintaining a distance of 10 - 12 m. Drive sharp turns on descents at low speed. Braking on downhill slopes should be smooth without jerking. In difficult areas, the straps of the toe clips should be loosened.

On hot days, do not take off your hats, take sunbathing dosed, gradually.

When a thunderstorm approaches, you need to seek shelter.

In case of poor visibility, it is necessary to move in a compact group at low speed or even on foot.

Overcoming fords and crossings should be carried out thoroughly and without haste.

The exit to the side of the road and exit to the roadway must be careful (loose shoulders).

On a road with poor coverage (broken asphalt, pits, deep ruts, etc.), you need to increase the distance to 5 - 7 m. On a slippery wet road, you need to slow down, increase the distance, do not brake sharply. On forest trails and paths, you should not accelerate quickly, there may be ditches, steep descents.

On a hike at stops, check tire pressure, tire condition, wheel alignment, steering wheel mount, trunk, chain and spoke tension, wheel play, wheel nut fastening, pedals.

After any stop, check that the front and rear carriers are securely packed and secure before driving off.

On highways, cyclists must be balanced, ride as straight as possible and close to the edge of the roadway, without the need to maneuver.

Beware of trucks with hay, trailers and long loads.

Before stopping, cyclists must pull over to the side of the road, even if there are no cars in sight. Do not stop at bridges, railroad crossings, steep slopes, closed turns.

Travel in the dark should be completely excluded. You should start looking for a place to sleep no later than two hours before dark.

When meeting with animals (dogs), use loud firecrackers - firecrackers, if they are not there, then it is better to stop.

Take into account the effect of fatigue on attention, reaction, coordination, movements, on the cyclist's riding technique, and therefore on safety. Overwork Prevention on a hike - one of the main tasks to ensure safety on the route. According to the least trained participant in the campaign, the leader of the group must choose the pace of movement. If overwork occurs, the participant must inform the leader of the hike about it. The first sign of fatigue of a cyclist is his lagging behind the group. Trying to catch up with the rest, he is exhausted even more, distraction of attention appears, reaction and coordination of movements worsens. Rest is needed, and after it, the redistribution of the load in the group.

Travel safety is determined to a large extentgroup discipline,the coherence of the actions of its members, the psychological climate of the group.

Summarize the lesson, mark the most active students, give homework for the next lesson.