To date, physical therapy in childhood is a great variety of games and activities that allow you to restore and improve the functioning of organs and other body systems without interfering with child development.

The Benefits of Exercise

Movement is the basis for the development of the body, especially in childhood, a person cannot live a day without movement. Separate types exercises can affect possible disturbances in the functions of the body, which is very important when taking into account diseases in individual organs and systems. for children is based on the positive effect of exercise on nervous system child, strengthening immunity and correcting existing pathologies ().

A very important role in therapeutic physical culture conducted with children of preschool and primary school age is played by special outdoor games that not only have a therapeutic effect, but also stimulate positive emotions. Exercises are able to regulate the various functions of all systems and organs of the child's body without exception. During the exercise therapy exercises for children, a great variety of methods and practices are used, or rather:

• exercises that include gymnastic elements;
• simple active games;
• hardening;
• massages for healing and treatment;
• auxiliary mechanical devices (mechanotherapy);
• gymnastics in the pool.

Features of exercise therapy in infants

The key to the successful implementation of the prescribed exercise therapy exercises for children is the compliance of the means and methods of conducting classes with the age characteristics of the child. It is important to remember that exercise therapy for children of early infancy should be carried out by a certified specialist, especially in the first months of life. Be sure to follow the methods of dispersed loading. The time allotted for exercise therapy should not initially exceed 7-15 minutes.

The first years of a child's life are characterized by very high rates of development and growth of the organism as a whole. All possible indicators are intensively increasing: height, weight, volume chest, foot sizes. As the child's body grows up and develops, the movements become more meaningful, acquire the physical completeness of actions, a certain expediency. But in the child's consciousness, the processes of serenity still prevail over the processes of concentration. According to the results of social surveys, two-year-old children are physically active 60% of the time, except for sleep time, and by the third year, activity reaches 70% of the time awake.

Given the characteristics of children in this age group, exercises should be selected simple, which do not require a high concentration of attention and intense physical activity.

Exercises in the pool and passive gymnastics, massage are very good. As you develop and grow up, you can connect active games with elements of therapeutic exercises for correct posture.

Features of exercise therapy in preschoolers

During the period preschool age(from 3 to 7 years) in children there is an intensive growth of the limbs. Fundamental changes and transformations in the development of speech abilities are taking place. The kid masters the initial skills of interactions with the outside world.

Improved further development the main types of movements, the aiming of throwing and throwing various objects, running skills arise, new elements in building a jump and landing.

Given the rapid fatigue of the muscles and the relative weakness of the bones of the skeleton, children of primary preschool age are still incapable of prolonged physical activity. It is advisable to diversify the exercises during classes as much as possible and carry them out in game form. Time payload may be slightly increased and should not exceed 15–20 minutes.

Suitable for this age group:

• active games with elements of exercise therapy in the fresh air;
• gymnastic exercises with the use of a ball, fitball;
• classes in the pool;
• therapeutic and wellness massages.

Features of physical therapy classes for schoolchildren

Already at school age, the volume of exercise therapy is used in full force. Classes last at least 30-45 minutes and lead to, which is very important at this age, since the asymmetric development of the muscles of the body leads to a violation of posture and the occurrence of curvature of the spine, which in the future is fraught with pathology internal organs. Therefore, the methodology for conducting classes is developed taking into account the age of children, their physical capabilities and level of activity. To do this, you need to be equipped with all the necessary simulators and equipment. gym. Only a specialist should conduct exercise therapy classes and select exercises for children.

Properly prepared and worked out by a specialist to the smallest detail, the exercise technique will really help improve the health of the guys.

It is important to know that in the therapeutic physical culture conducted with school-age children, a special place is occupied by games of a mobile nature, which include therapeutic elements. During the game, use all parts of the body in running, walking, squatting, jumping, throwing, and the child himself will perform all the exercises, as he is passionate about the game process.

For kids over 7 years old game lessons varied and include many elements and techniques. At this age, you can read books about physical education. For younger students, it is best to use story games, that is, calling children cartoon characters and offering to perform imitative actions of their favorite characters (Tom and Jerry, Mousetrap). Be sure to perform game elements with the ball. Older children are happy to participate in relay games with the implementation of sports elements, the use of gymnastic equipment.

Purpose of exercise therapy

In order to select a game that contains therapeutic elements, the instructor or doctor will first get acquainted with the child's diagnosis. After that, taking into account the age load and the degree of adaptation of the child to it, he will select a group appropriate for development. The saturation of the game is based on a combination of all factors therapeutic exercises and corrective motor elements (running, jumping, walking, projectile throwing).

It is very important to take into account the level of complexity of the perception of the rules of the game and the balance of emotional and physical stress when performing roles. Also, the instructor should keep in mind that the game he offers should be of interest and cause a desire to continue, repeat it.

Outdoor activities

Physical therapy classes in open areas are very useful, where, in addition to the therapeutic effect of exercises, hardening of the child's body is achieved. This is especially true for educational sanatoriums, where children are academic year. In such institutions, physical therapy classes are held very often in the fresh air for almost the entire academic year.

Most often, the sanatorium has a wide range of playgrounds for a variety of sports games, for example, a field for mini-volleyball. This game is effective tool all-round physical development of the child, it contributes to the harmonious growth of the muscles of the body, the formation of the muscular corset. A variety of movements with the use of game situations on the court helps to eliminate the danger of overwork, prevent the development of muscle imbalance.

With an experienced instructor and appropriate equipment, active games will not only bring pleasure to the children, but also have the proper healing effect.

Children who need walks and fresh air are advised to go on hikes of a certain duration, cycling in specially designated areas.

It is believed that swimming is the most difficult type of sports-applied exercises, but if you carefully prepare, choose the right set of exercises, you can get a lot of good impressions and a positive therapeutic effect.

Therapeutic exercise for children is an integral part of the development and promotion of health in the presence of any developmental problems. Physiotherapy exercises for children allow you to increase, improve blood circulation and quickly adapt the baby to attending kindergarten. Properly selected exercise therapy for children sometimes works real miracles: immunity is restored, mental performance is activated, hyperactivity is reduced, and. You can learn about how to properly conduct exercise therapy classes for preschool children from this article. It presents exemplary complexes exercises and recommendations from practitioners.

Nothing weakens the body like lack of movement (lack of exercise). Physical activity increases the body's resistance and helps it fight infections. A trained body is more resistant to overheating, cooling, fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, viruses and infections. An increase in resistance to infections is associated with an increase in the production of macrophages - "eaters" of pathogens.

Therapeutic physical education (LFK) for preschool children at home

Therapeutic physical education for preschool children should become an indispensable part of physical education baby. Immunity is strengthened by all types of aerobic exercise: swimming, gymnastics, aerobics, running, walking, etc. Breathing exercises are very important for boosting immunity.

Research scientists have shown that exercise therapy at home for children has a more beneficial effect on the immune system than a balanced diet.

With respiratory diseases in children, gas exchange is disturbed, the metabolism changes, the protective and adaptive reactions of the body decrease.

During the illness, the baby's motor activity is sharply limited. At the same time, the parents themselves are trying to protect the sick child from any physical activity. Therapeutic exercise (AFK) improves the functioning of the respiratory muscles, bronchi and lungs. Gymnastic exercises make breathing deeper, more rhythmic, strengthen the respiratory muscles, improve the drainage function of the bronchi. Increased ventilation of the lungs leads to a significant increase in gas exchange, the blood is better enriched with oxygen.

ROS activates the production of biologically active substances that increase the body's resistance to viruses and bacteria. Physical exercises, enhancing the activity of the adrenal glands, which produce anti-inflammatory hormones, reduce the body's sensitivity to the effects of various allergens.

Consequently, the correct and regular use of exercise therapy in the treatment of a sick child significantly accelerates the process of his recovery and prevents repeated relapses of the disease.

look physiotherapy exercises for children in the video, which presents the most relevant advice from experts and some exercises:

Exercise therapy (physiotherapy exercises) for children 2-3 years old and a child at 4 years old (with video)

The use of physical exercises in children of the 2nd and 3rd years of life. Exercise therapy for children 2 years old consists only of active physical exercises that act with the greatest load. It must be remembered that in the second and third years of life there are significant differences in the pace and nature of the development of individual children, which requires a strictly individual approach. Up to a year and a half, it is recommended to study with one or two children, then the group size can be increased to 4-6 people.

Given the rapid fatigue of children of the 2nd and 3rd years of life, physical activity should be carefully dosed. Physiotherapy exercises for a child of 2 years old should be organized in a playful way, otherwise it will not be very easy to keep the baby’s interest in classes.

The complex of physiotherapy exercises for children of 3 years old includes 8-12 exercises for various muscle groups. It is not recommended to repeat the same exercise for a long time.

It is important to maintain joyful mood children. Physical exercises should have an imitation character (“passed over the bridge”, “climbed into the hare’s house”, “plucked an apple”, etc.).

In physical therapy for children 3-4 years old, toys, simple gymnastic equipment (balls, sticks, benches, etc.) are widely used. After a year and a half, classes can be carried out using a game method, in the form of short motor stories (“a walk in the forest”, “we went to visit”, etc.).

Exercise therapy for children 3 years old can be carried out on the street, at different times of the year it can be summer and winter active species sports and outdoor games. From 2 to 3 years old, children are taught sledding. Toddlers ride along the paths, descend from small snow slides, from 5 - 6 years old - they carry each other. Sledding develops in children strength, agility, determination.

From 3 - 4 years old children can be taught to ski. At the same time, strict sequence and gradualness in mastering the basic elements of movements must be observed. At first, children move without sticks. Depending on age and skills, skiing time is from 15 - 20 to 40 minutes. Such movements strengthen and develop all major muscle groups, improve the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Ice skating is taught to children from the age of 5. With the right organization of classes, exercises contribute to the development of the main muscle groups, the formation of correct posture, strengthening the ligaments of the foot, such skills as agility, endurance, balance. Watch exercise therapy for children on the video, which shows all the basic exercises and types of outdoor games:

Cycling is available for children from 2 to 3 years old. The size of the bike must match the height of the child. The duration of the ride at a moderate pace is for children 3-4 years old 10-12 minutes, for children 6-7 years old - 20-30 minutes. These exercises contribute to the development of endurance, agility, strengthen the muscles of the legs and feet, train the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

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A newborn baby is limited in movement due to the characteristics of his body. The not fully formed motor apparatus of the crumbs does not allow him to perform those movements that, for example, are available to babies of one year of age. In order for the motor activity of the baby to develop and improve, physiotherapy exercises for babies are useful. Such gymnastics is very useful for newborns, and can be performed not only in cases of developmental disabilities or any congenital pathologies. Physical education for babies is as compulsory as physical education classes in kindergarten or school.

What gives babies gymnastics?

Exercise therapy (therapeutic physical culture) can be applied even if the baby is absolutely healthy. After all, there is no guarantee that the pathology will not show up a little later. Therefore, the child must move from birth, of course, with the help of parents and exercise therapy.

But how does therapeutic gymnastics affect the children's body?

1. During exercise, blood flow to muscles and tissues increases.
2. Exchange processes are activated.
3. Improves the functionality of the adrenal glands.
4. General physical development is normalized.
5. Strengthens the body's defense system.
6. The musculoskeletal and skeletal system is properly formed.
7. Promotes the development of important reflexes.
8. The functionality of the gastrointestinal tract is normalized.
9. Stimulates brain development and mental development generally.
10. Strengthens the nervous system.
11. Classes on the ball (fitball) improves the vestibular apparatus.
12. Strong adhesion of muscles and bones is provided.
13. Helps improve sleep and appetite.

Since the baby during periods of wakefulness is happy to play with its arms and legs, massotherapy will give him even more pleasure. Gymnastics activates other parts of the baby's body, as a result of which the baby will quickly learn to sit, crawl, walk. Besides, regular classes Exercise therapy is an excellent prevention of muscle hypertonicity and posture disorders. Exercise therapy can be prescribed for hip dysplasia, congenital hip dislocation, muscular torticollis, cerebral palsy, flat feet and clubfoot, congenital scoliosis.

Rules for exercise therapy

Before you start doing therapeutic exercises for your child, you should familiarize yourself with the rules for its implementation.

1. The best time to start exercise therapy is a month old. In this case, gymnastics should alternate with massage. From the age of six months, a medical complex of classes begins to be done with exercise therapy, and ends with a massage, allowing the child to relax and unwind.
2. If the infant feels unwell, physical education should be canceled. It will be possible to continue doing therapeutic massage only after the baby has fully recovered.
3. A baby may be naughty during a massage. At such moments, you need to distract him with a toy or calm him down by picking him up. It is better to accustom to classes gradually, and the unloved exercise is performed at the very end of the complex.
4. Watch your movements - do not overdo it, otherwise the next time the baby will refuse the massage by screaming and hysteria, remembering the pain and discomfort that he felt last time. Remember: after the procedure, there should be no red spots on the baby's body, and even more bruises.
5. Before you start doing gymnastics, you need to ventilate the room, eliminate drafts. Optimum temperature air - 20-22 0 C. Perform gymnastics 0.5-2 hours after eating and bathing.
6. The table where you will massage the child should be free on three sides so that it is possible to freely approach the baby.
7. It is important to wash your hands thoroughly before the procedure, warm them up, remove all metal objects (bracelets, watches, rings), cut off your nails. On the skin of the hands of an adult there should be no abrasions and wounds.
8. A baby aged after a month can be naked during the procedure, a newborn baby is partially exposed - those places on the body that are massaged are opened.
9. If physiotherapy exercises are carried out, the crumbs are put on a T-shirt or short-sleeved T-shirt, panties with a diaper.

An infant during exercise therapy should lie on a flat surface (for example, on a changing table). The total class time is 15 minutes. Each exercise is recommended to be repeated three times. All movements should be accompanied by affectionate words, a smile - gymnastics should evoke positive emotions in the child.

It is very important to follow the order of exercise therapy correctly: first, start the complex with gentle and light stroking movements, without pressing hard on the child's body. It is customary to stroke the handles from the fingers to the shoulders, the legs - from the feet up, the tummy - from the sides to the navel. Stroking the tummy should be done exclusively clockwise and around the navel.

General exercises for therapeutic exercises

If the infant is ready to learn what exercise therapy is, start doing the following exercises.

1. We develop correct breathing. Lay the baby on his back, cross his arms over his chest. Raise the handles in turn, hold them slightly in this position. Then lift both handles up, wind them up behind the head, and then lower them down, placing them along the body.
2. Gymnastics for legs. Bend the baby's legs at the knees and hip joints, close them, bringing the knees together. holding thumb knee, the rest grab the pelvis of the baby and rotate the pelvis to the sides. Another exercise is to bend the baby's legs in turn, and then alternate their bending with bending the arms. The third exercise is to spread the legs in the hip joint. At the same time, efforts should not be made - everything should happen slowly and carefully.
3. Twists from back to tummy. In order for the baby to learn to roll over, this exercise must be performed. It is important to have an assistant nearby. The baby should lie on his back. The assistant pulls his right arm up and holds it in this position, and the instructor at this time fixes the right thigh of the crumbs. Then the assistant should fix the right palm of the baby on the table, spreading the palm. The instructor should shift the left leg of the crumbs through the right, helping him roll over on his tummy.
4. How to teach a child to crawl? It is easier to perform the action together: one adult holds the baby by the legs, the second by the hands. The first alternately pulls the legs to the tummy, and the second - in turn rearranges the baby's arms. If the infant does not yet hold his head on his own, another adult should be involved in the exercise.

4 months after birth, the baby will begin to make the first attempts to sit down. During this period, it is important for him to help, and therapeutic exercises will help in this.

1. From the “lying on the back” position, the baby is lifted behind the back, focusing on the right arm, bent at the elbow. The same is repeated with the left handle.
2. The child lies on his back, they give him a stick 2-3 cm thick in his hands. Holding the fists of the crumbs, they lift the baby from the surface of the table, forcing him to sit down. You need to make sure that the legs of the baby remain straight.
3. The stick is placed under the diaper, folded several times, the child is placed on it with the legs, holding it under the armpits. The location of the legs is shoulder width apart. During squats, you need to make sure that the legs do not mix.
4. Tilts on a stick. Put the child, as in the previous exercise. With the right hand, the baby is held by the stomach and chest, and the knees are fixed with the left. After that, slopes are performed.
5. Stand on all fours. Adults lift the child by the tummy, fix the handles on the surface of the table, and bend the legs at the knee and hip joints. In this position, the child should be about 1 minute.

When the baby can already stand on all fours, he is taught to crawl by analogy with crawling on his stomach.

Exercises with the ball (fitball)

It turns out that you can not only play with the ball, but also strengthen the body of a small child. For babies, the following fitball exercises are useful:

• rocking forward-backward, left-right, clockwise, with shaking. In this case, the child should lie on his back;
• we bend the legs of the baby at the knees to the tummy, while lowering the ball towards us, unbend the legs, lowering the ball away from us;
• we train the child’s tummy with the same movements as in the first exercise, only the baby needs to be laid not on the back, but on the tummy.

During exercises on the fitball, you need to cover it with a diaper, and also make sure that the baby does not hit his head in the process. At first, the exercises should be simple and easy, over time they can be complicated.

A set of exercise therapy exercises for babies

As a rule, physiotherapy exercises for children with pathologies are prescribed by a specialist, who also determines which exercises will be most effective for the child. If the child has no abnormalities in physical development no, parents can take gymnastics as a basis next complex exercises:

1. Stroking the body, limbs.
2. “Mahi” with handles to the sides from the “lying on the back” position.
3. “Cross swings”: cross the arms of the crumbs on the chest, spread apart, cross again, etc.
4. Alternate flexion / extension of the legs at the knee.
5. Light tapping on the baby's chest (exercise helps strengthen the pectoral muscles).
6. Stroking on the back: we draw the index and middle fingers along the spine in the direction from the bottom up, with the palms from the spine to the ribs, in a circular motion from the lower back to the head (perform with the thumb) and along the lower back from the spine to the ribs.
7. Massaging the scalp with fingers while performing light circular motions, or with a soft brush.

All movements should be accurate, performed without pressure. The complex can be supplemented with new exercises as the child grows up.

Contraindications to exercise therapy

There are cases when therapeutic exercises are categorically contraindicated for infants:

• infectious diseases, fever;
• heart, pulmonary insufficiency;
• skin diseases: allergic dermatitis, fungus, infectious rash, burns, injuries, etc.;
• gastrointestinal disorders, accompanied by vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea;
• bleeding and blood diseases;
• tumors of different etymology;
• changes in urinalysis;
• acute inflammatory and purulent processes.

Also, do not do therapeutic exercises to the child if he has undergone vaccination. You can resume classes 3 days after receiving the vaccine. If the baby's well-being has not improved during this time, gymnastics is postponed for at least a week.

After the first classes, the baby will fall asleep better and sleep soundly. This is a normal reaction when additional physical exercise. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that if the baby becomes capricious and falls asleep badly, you should reduce the load of exercise therapy and completely abandon classes for a couple of days, observing the child's condition all this time. If the child is weakened, give him time to rest - arrange classes in a day or two, but if the baby is in a good mood - do gymnastics daily.

Therapeutic exercise for children is not only a method of treating diseases that have already arisen, but also a way to prevent them with the help of physical exercises.

What are the benefits of exercise therapy?

Physical activity is a necessary condition for the normal development of a growing organism, which, unfortunately, adults often forget about. But children's physical education, in addition to therapeutic and preventive, also has an educational function: the baby acquires hygiene skills, learns the world around him and himself in it. Physical therapy exercises are important for the harmonious development of the musculoskeletal system in children of any age, the formation of posture in children of preschool and school age, as well as strengthening the spine and back muscles, and eliminating postural asymmetry in scoliosis.

Exercises are useful for the prevention and treatment of postural disorders, correction of flat feet, development of strength, agility, endurance, normalization of the endocrine system and strengthening of the immune system. Also, classes will be important to improve the child's adaptation at school, increase resistance to stress, improve academic performance in school-age children and improve the emotional background, hyposensitization (reduction of sensitivity to allergens), as well as general strengthening organism.

Types of loads

Exercise therapy can include not only sets of exercises, but also any kind active rest: games, sports, gymnastics, carried out in the form of a warm-up by the teacher during the school lesson. Physical education for kids is characterized by activities in the form of a game. For school-age children, the classical gymnastic method of exercise therapy is also used.

Exercises are divided into general, used to strengthen the body as a whole, and special, affecting a specific system, for example, aimed at strengthening the spine, leg and back muscles with scoliosis and flat feet.

Allocate a large class dynamic exercises, which include active and passive movements, and the class static exercises aimed at maintaining a certain position of the body. Passive movements are often included in the gymnastics complex for children of the first year of life.

By nature, they are distinguished: respiratory, corrective, relaxing, stretching, coordination exercises. In babies up to a year, reflex exercises are used. During the preschool period, it is preferable to use a class of game exercises.

Contraindications

Classes are not indicated for acute and malignant diseases, bleeding, decompensated heart disease. Do not start classes if you have a fever, feel unwell, or have a heart rhythm disorder.

What are the rules to be followed while exercising?

Visit a doctor as an examination may be required, for example, for scoliosis. It is necessary to deal with a specialist who can correctly assess the state of health of the child. The load should gradually increase. Movement should not be painful. Avoid monotonous exercises, as preschool and primary school kids can get bored. The child should not be allowed to get tired.

You should not exercise on a full stomach, it is better to conduct classes 30 minutes before a meal or 45-50 minutes after it.

The room must be ventilated, the air temperature is not higher than 22 degrees. In preschool children, and especially in children under one year old, classes should begin and end with stroking, it is also worth introducing this technique between performing movements. For older children, it is necessary to include breathing and relaxation exercises in the complex.

Observe the regularity and staging of classes: you need to start with a warm-up, followed by the main part and a hitch. The duration and number of exercise therapy courses is prescribed by a doctor, usually 2-3 courses are carried out during the year.

Exercises for children of the first year of life

At the age of one year, passive and reflex movements, as well as elements of massage, are mainly used. At the age of up to 3 months, stroking and reflex exercises are used:

• pressure on the sole at the base of the fingers (causes flexion of the fingers);
• running along the outer side of the sole towards the heel (causes the extension of the fingers);
• reflex crawling;
• holding the thumb and forefinger along the spine from the bottom up (causes reflex extension of the spine);
• during classes, you should talk affectionately with the baby;
• after each exercise, stroking is performed.

In children older than 3 months, the complex includes a class of passive exercises:

• flexion and extension of the arms;
• spreading the arms and crossing them on the chest;
• flexion of the legs at the knee and hip joints;
• turn from back to stomach and vice versa;
• crawling behind an object;
• raising hands for a toy;
• exercises are carried out alternately with stroking, rubbing.

As the child learns to stand and walk, a class of active exercises is added:

• warm-up and cool-down in the form of passive movements;
• stomping in place;
• assisted walking;
• tilt for a toy;
• overstepping the barrier.

Remember that exercise therapy with early age contribute to uniform muscle strengthening, prevention of spinal curvature and the formation of correct posture from childhood, because the main class of disorders in the preschool period is scoliosis and flat feet.

Exercises for scoliosis and gait disorders

The main task in scoliosis is to strengthen the back muscles and create a muscular corset to maintain right position spine. Remember: Your child may need individual complex posture correction, for the development of which you need to contact a specialist! With rapidly progressive scoliosis (with an increase in the angle of curvature of the spine more than 10 degrees during the year), surgery may be required!

An approximate set of exercises for scoliosis of the 1st degree:

Start with a warm-up, installation and control of correct posture.

Walking in a circle with the control of posture in the mirror for 1 minute.

Walking with straight arms raised for 40 seconds.

Walking on toes with outstretched arms - 40 seconds.

Walking on heels - 30 seconds.

Alternately throwing straight arms up (10-12 times).

Body tilts to the sides (10 times).

Hands on the belt, heels together, socks apart. Squat down, hands outstretched forward, return to starting position(10-15 times).

uplift gymnastic stick up and straight leg abduction back (4-6) times.

Bending the legs at the knee and hip joints from a supine position, hands behind the head (6-8 times). The performance is slow, with tension in the back muscles.

Exercise "bike" (6-8 times).

Alternately lifting straight legs from a prone position (4-6 times).

Lying on your back, arms bent at the elbows. Bending the back with emphasis on the elbows and heels (3-4 times).

uplift big ball on outstretched arms (8-10 times).

Walking with high knees - 2-3 minutes.

Walking at a slow pace.

Posture control.

Active movements alternate with exercises to relax the muscles of the back and breathing exercises. For children of preschool and primary school age exercise therapy complex with scoliosis and other postural disorders, an element of the game is added.

Exercises for flat feet

Flat feet occur due to the weakness of the muscular-ligamentous apparatus of the lower leg and foot. The goal of exercise therapy for flat feet is to strengthen these muscles and ligaments. Correction of this disease is also extremely important because it affects the condition of the joints, back and spine. How younger child, the more effective treatment will be for such a violation, it is preferable to start from preschool age.
The main class of exercises for flat feet is walking:

Start with a general warm-up.

Walking on toes.

Walking with support on the outer edge of the foot.

Walking with bent toes and adducted feet.

Capturing and moving the ball with the feet.

Grasping the fingers of the foot of the stick.

Log walking.

These exercises are used not only for flat feet, but also for its prevention.

When walking in the warm season, preschool children can take off their shoes and walk barefoot on the ground, grass, which improves mood, strengthens the muscles of the legs, hardens, and is useful not only for flat feet, but also for violations of posture and gait.

Childhood is not only beautiful time when the baby is distinguished by spontaneity, liveliness, curiosity, and also this time - when his child's body grows and develops, when the formation of all body systems takes place. Therefore, it is very important to help the child during this period, but not only psychologically (play with him, study, explain), but also physically, namely, to do gymnastics. And it is necessary to do this, even if medicine does not show it. For a child (especially under the age of one), gymnastics is of great importance, I must say - even more than for an adult. After all, physical education has a very beneficial effect on both the physical and mental development of children. Thanks to the systematic physical education in children, the timely emergence of motor and speech skills occurs, and, in the future, their proper development and improvement.

And if the child is premature, artificially fed, inactive, if he has a poor appetite, he is nervously excitable and has suffered any disease, then in such cases physical education is especially necessary and important. And a very great need for classes physical culture experienced by those children who have deviations in physical or mental development.

I must say that exercise therapy for children who are not yet a year old consists of reflex, passive and active exercises. What are these exercises? The movements that the child makes in response to some kind of stimulation from the outside are called reflex exercises. These movements are unconscious. If the person involved with the child does the exercises for him, i.e. the child is passive at this moment, then such exercises are called passive. And if the child does the exercises himself, does everything on his own, then, accordingly, these are active exercises. Also, physical education for children, as a rule, is complemented by children's massage.

Gymnastics for children from 1.5 to 3 months.

It should be noted that children of this age are characterized by increased muscle tone, and some innate reflexes are also detected in them. Therefore, at this age, it is recommended to use only reflex exercises. Namely:

• spinal extension - the child lies on his side, and he has a reflex as a result of running fingers along both sides of the spine from the buttocks to shoulder girdle(the exercise is recommended to be performed 2-3 times on each side).
• the next exercise is raising the head. The reflex is evoked when lifting a child, who lies on his stomach, with one palm, while the other palm holds the baby by the feet and shins (repeat 1-2 times).
• Flexion and extension of the toes - this reflex is caused when the child's legs are grasped with one hand, while the other hand first presses on the sole at the roots of the fingers, and then runs a finger along the outer edge of the foot (the exercise should be performed 3-4 times).
• And the last recommended exercise is “dancing”. This reflex is evoked when the child is placed on the table, supporting under the armpits (perform 4-6 times).

Physical education for children from 3 to 4 months.

This age of the child is characterized by the fact that he has a balance in the tone of the flexor and extensor muscles of the hands. Therefore, at this time, emphasis should be placed on passive exercises for babies. The following exercises are required:

• The child lies on his back, and his arms are crossed over his chest (repeat 4-6 times).
• The child also lies on his back, and he is turned on his stomach to the right and left - a passive exercise in which the child is held by the feet with one hand and the arm bent at the elbow with the other (first one arm, then the other) (perform 1-2 times).
• Extension of the spine and legs is a reflex exercise, during which the child is held with one hand under the stomach, and with the other by the legs, and rises above the table (do 2-3 times).
• The child lies on his back and a reflex exercise is performed with him - abduction and adduction of the feet, in which you need to run your finger (with light pressure) along the edge and around the child's foot (perform 2-3 times).
• And, finally, "dancing", which was mentioned above (repeat 6-8 times).

Gymnastics for children from 4 to 5 months.

This age is remarkable in that the child is establishing the tone of the muscles of the legs and neck. At this time, the following exercises should be done with the children:

• Passive exercise - crossing the child's arms on the chest plus flexion and extension of the arms (repeat 6-8 times).
• Reflex exercise - the child lies on his back, and the head, spine and legs of the child are bent, while you need to take the baby under the back and buttocks and hold it above the table (perform 1-2 times).
• Then we perform a passive exercise called "stomping". To do this, the child’s shins are clasped with their hands and the legs are bent at the hip and knee joints, the feet are lowered onto the table alternately and both at once (repeat 8-12 times).
• Reflex exercise - turning the child from the back to the stomach to the right and left (perform 1-2 times).
• Then the next reflex exercise - the child is lifted, holding under the stomach, and the extension of the spine and legs is performed (do 1-2 times)
• Passive exercise - "sitting down". When performing this exercise, the child is placed on his back, his hands are taken above the wrist, they are taken to the side, slightly sipping (perform 2-3 times)
• Again, a passive exercise - lifting the child to his feet. The child is placed on his stomach, and his arms, bent at the elbows, are laid back (repeat 2-3 times)
• And finally, an active exercise - “stepping over”. When performing this exercise, the child is held under the armpits and placed with their feet on the table (do 1 time)

Physical education for children from 6 to 9 months.

A child at this age develops voluntary movements. Therefore, the complex of physical education includes active exercises that encourage the child to crawl, sit and stand. The following exercises are recommended:

• The child lies on his back and a passive exercise is carried out with him - raising straight arms and circular movements in shoulder joints(perform 4-6 times).
• Passive exercise - raising straight legs, in which the hands fix the child's knees and his legs rise to vertical position(repeat 4-6 times).
• Passive exercise. The child lies on his back, and circular movements of the legs are performed in the hip joints (perform 4-6 times).
• Reflex exercise - turn from back to stomach to the right and left (do 1-2 times).
• Passive exercise - abduction of the shoulders back to the attention of the shoulder blades. When performing this exercise, the child is placed on his stomach and his arms are pulled back (repeat 1-3 times).
• The child is placed on his back and a passive exercise is performed - flexion and extension of the legs (perform 3-5 times).
• And finally, an active exercise - crawling. To do this, a brightly colored toy is placed in front of the child, and his feet are fixed in such a way that the legs are bent at the knee and hip joints (repeat 4-6 times).

Gymnastics for children from 9 to 12 months.

This age of the child is characterized by the fact that he develops coordinated movements, as well as the desire to walk. You need to do the following exercises:

• Active exercise - flexion and extension of the legs. Can be performed from any position (repeat 5-6 times).
• Active exercise - standing up. In this case, the child must be supported and guided (perform 1-2 times).
• Active exercise - tilting and straightening the torso. This exercise performed when the child stands with his back against an adult, and a toy is placed near his feet and the child is asked to pick it up (do 2-3 times).
• An active exercise, which consists in getting a toy, similar to the previous exercise, only the toy is located at the level of the child's shoulders (perform 4-6 times).
• An active exercise that consists of bending and unbending the child's arms. The child is invited to grasp the rings, and then the adult pulls them, bending and unbending the child's arms (repeat 5-6 times).
• Active exercise - squat. The child is invited to sit down, while an adult should hold him and help him (perform 4-6 times)
• And, the last - walking (active exercise). This exercise should be done for approximately 1-2 minutes.

Every parent should remember that physical education for a child should be a daily activity, it should bring joy and pleasure to the child. Try to perform all of the listed exercises, if you yourself do not know how to perform them correctly, then ask the pediatrician to show you, and in the future you will be able to do them yourself at home.