The popularity of football in the world over the past half century has been unchanged. high level. Each football championship (Mundial) turns into a worldwide celebration that gathers billions of viewers around the globe at the screens. Our country is no exception - football in Russia is loved and appreciated.

Preschoolers, teenagers, young people and adults want to learn how to play football - alone with the dream of sports achievements, others - for health and physical education purposes. This article will introduce you to the history and features of this popular game and tell you how to learn how to play football.

Football - sports game No. 1 in the world. Tens of millions of people play football (of which 30% are women). According to the official definition, football is a team sports discipline in which the goal is to kick the ball into the opponent's goal with the feet or other parts of the body other than the hands. Hundreds of books have been written about football, many feature films and documentaries; in some countries (for example, in South America) this sport is a religion for millions of people.

The history of football goes back to ancient times - a similar game was played in ancient China, the Roman Empire, in Sparta. The football that is played today originated in England in the 19th century and was played mainly by college students. In the middle of the 19th century, uniform football rules were adopted, as well as standard field and goal sizes were introduced.

In 1871, the world's first official football tournament took place. Currently, football tournaments are held in almost all countries of the world - from Australia to Canada. There are more than 2 million teams (clubs) in the world. There has been a progressive increase in the popularity of football among women. People love not only to play themselves, but also to watch how they play football: the 2014 World Cup in Brazil was watched by more than 3 billion people - half of the planet.

Benefits of playing football and possible harm

Before figuring out how to learn how to play football well, a few words should be said about the benefits of playing this sport and possible harm. This is not about a professional game, but about an amateur one: the “pros” have a completely different approach to the training and game process, including increased risks of injury and damage.

Let's list the points by which football is useful from a health point of view:

• During the game, almost all muscle groups are involved, which keeps the body in constant tone;
• Long workouts and games contribute to the development of endurance;
• The energy expenditure in football is much higher than when performing static exercises, which helps to stabilize weight and eliminate body fat;
• Football develops coordination and a sense of balance;
• The game promotes creative thinking, as victory in football is impossible without tactics and strategy;
• Strengthening the myocardium reduces the risk of heart disease;
• During training and games, the blood supply to organs and tissues improves, and “bad” cholesterol is eliminated from the vessels.

In addition to the above, football causes positive emotions, and also expands the circle of friends. You can play this game at any time of the year (in winter, you can train indoors). The health benefits of football also lie in the formation of positive character traits - will, endurance, joy from achieving a result.

It is impossible not to say about the traumatic nature of this sport. Football is not as dangerous as hockey or boxing, but the likelihood of injury is higher than in individual sports. Football players should protect their joints and legs in general: both training and games have an increased risk of injury, so all football players (especially beginners) should take full protective measures.

Who should not play football

Medical contraindications for playing football can be divided into absolute and relative. Absolute - those in which playing football is categorically contraindicated. With relative contraindications, everything depends on the stage of the disease and the degree of symptoms.

• Bronchial asthma;
• Serious problems with the spine;
• myopia;
• serious heart problems;
• Diagnosed mental illness.

Relative contraindications are considered chronic diseases internal organs. Football training should begin no earlier than from the age of 6 - until this age, general physical training of the child can be carried out from 3-4 years old.

Features of the training process

A novice player will need football paraphernalia - socks, boots and a football uniform. All these things can be purchased at any sports store - the most economical and simple options will do for a start. In addition to uniforms, you will need soccer ball You can also buy it at a sporting goods store.

The main thing in the training process is to develop a sense of the ball in football: the player's ability to subtly feel the movements of the main football projectile and skillfully control it. To do this, you need to spend a lot of time on individual exercises with the ball.

We list other skills and abilities of a football player:

• Dribbling is the ability to control the ball while running. In this skill, the main thing is not to touch the ball too hard so as not to let it go far, but not too weak - otherwise it will not roll at the required speed. Fast running with the ball is one of the main qualities of a good football player.
• Ability to pass. Passing is the basis of football as a team sport discipline. First you need to learn how to pass inside feet - so it turns out softer and more accurate. Having mastered the low pass, you can move on to the technique of “hanging” on a partner. Learn to pass "on the move" - ​​to give the transfer not to where the player is now, but to where he will be in a few seconds.
• Ability to hit on goal. The main thing in football is goals, without which there is no result. From close range, it is better to hit softly and slightly with the inside of the foot, but more often you have to hit from afar with the central part of the foot (the area of ​​the laces on the boots) - strongly and accurately, given the position of the goalkeeper.
• Movement without the ball. During a 90 minute match, a player runs an average of 10 km - most of the time he moves without the ball. The ability to open up for a pass and defend - qualities without which one cannot become a good football player.
• Defense game. If you play defense, learn to take the right position: in the case of an attack, you should be located between the ball and your own goal.
• Ability to take the ball: a football player must be able to receive and handle the ball that hit him at any height. This skill can be practiced with a partner or with a wall.
• The ability to play with the head. No need to hit with the top of your head: learn to hit the ball with your hairline. To receive the top ball, move your body to the side, not your head.
• Compliance with standards: for experienced players, even an ordinary free kick or corner turns into a formidable weapon. From the corner, you need to serve the ball so that the players of your team can hit the head into the opponent's goal.

Knowledge of football theory and rules of the game is mandatory, but not necessary initial stage go too deep into nuances. The situation is quite difficult for beginners to understand. offside or offside: to understand the exact meaning of this term, it is better to watch the relevant videos.

Football is a contact sport: it consists of clashes, wrestling and tackling the ball. Both on the professional field and indoors, there are falls, kicks to the legs, hard joints. Avoiding injuries is difficult, but you can prepare well for them.

Learn to group when you fall, avoid direct collisions, expose your body and remove your legs. However, you cannot do without bruises, abrasions and bruises in football: such injuries should not distract you from the game and interfere with training. However, if the pain does not go away after the training, it is better to visit a doctor in a timely manner: it is better to treat serious injuries in the debut.

Football is a courageous and intellectual game at the same time. Sometimes this sport is called "contact chess": to win, you need to run, think and make decisions equally quickly and efficiently.

In the struggle between two teams of equal strength, usually the team whose players are able to creatively implement a pre-prepared tactical plan, interact and understand each other better, assess game situations more correctly, are able to predict the plans of their partners and opponents, are able to choose the most effective solution constantly changing situations and can implement this solution accurately and quickly.

The tactics of playing football contains the tactics of playing the whole team, the tactics of playing small groups of players and the tactics of playing individual players. It is quite understandable that the tactics of the collective and the tactics of groups represent the totality of the expedient play of individual players. Individual tactics is thus the basis of the team's tactics.
In this regard, in the process of training, it is necessary to pay much attention to the development of tactical skills in each player. The higher the tactical skill of individual players, the better they understand each other, the more successfully the tactical tasks assigned to the entire team will be carried out in close cooperation.
Teaching tactics and improving the tactical skills of players is a very difficult task. The difficulties lie, firstly, in the very nature of tactics and, secondly, in its close relationship with other components of the game (technical, physical, and moral-volitional training).
The views of individual specialists on teaching tactics in football are different. Some believe that tactical prowess is the result of innate ability and experience gained through practice and play. Therefore, in their opinion, it is impossible to teach tactics specifically. Such views we must reject as wrong, fundamentally idealistic.
Others believe that in order to master tactical skills, it is enough just to accumulate the necessary gaming experience. This is, of course, true to some extent. However, only in combination with a deep theoretical justification can the problem of teaching a football player the tactics of the game be solved.
In our article, we will try to contribute to the solution of this complex issue. In developing it, we used, on the one hand, data from physiology, psychology, and other branches of science, and, on the other hand, the results of our experimental work.

The tactics of an individual player

The tactical direction of the motor activity of an individual player follows from the nature of complex mental processes that are part of the physiological basis of the entire game activity of a football player. The knowledge of these processes makes it possible to determine the ways of teaching tactics and its improvement.
The activity of the player, in terms of tactics, we divide into:
a) perception of the game situation;
b) analysis and selection of appropriate game solutions
situations;
c) implementation of the decision.
All three of the above phases of activity represent complexes of the mentioned complex processes, the result of which is already expressed in the expedient and meaningful motor activity of the player.
High quality perception of the game situation is the first prerequisite for the successful activity of the player. The quality of perception lies in the ability to see and distinguish in the course of the game such elements that become decisive for its further development. From practice, we know that not all players are able to correctly perceive the specific situation of the game. If adult and experienced players are able to quickly and correctly distinguish with great accuracy the nature of the created game situation, to reveal the intentions of their partners and opponents, then children and beginners in a significant number of cases focus their attention mainly on elements that are striking, but not of significant importance. for the further development of the game, and therefore cannot correctly assess game situations.
The ability to correctly and accurately perceive the game situation is primarily associated with the ability to cover the placement of both opponents and partners on the field in a split second, clearly see their position and determine the actions that they are performing at that moment. It is necessary to accurately determine the distance between individual players, the speed and direction of their movements, as well as the speed and direction of the ball. It is important to be able to simultaneously observe the activities of two or more opponents or partners and focus your attention on the one that is in this moment the most dangerous.
But the most important thing is that the football player quickly understands the content of the whole situation, correctly determines the intentions of the players of both teams and predicts the further development of the competition.
The physiological basis of the ability to correctly and accurately perceive what is happening on the field is the functional changes that occur in all participating analyzers of the player's body. The visual-motor analyzer plays the leading role among them. Its activity gives the player the opportunity, on the one hand, to accurately perceive everything that happens in the external environment (in a game situation), and, on the other hand, to connect these perceptions with their own motor activity, especially when working with the ball. One of the properties of perfect visual-motor perception is the so-called "sense of the ball." By this term, we mean a subtle perception of the shape, elasticity, weight and other features of the ball, which contributes to high mastery of its possession in any situation.
The deeper and more subtle the player is able to perceive constantly changing situations, the better he will navigate the game and understand the content of individual episodes.
As a result of this process, the athlete forms a complete reflection of the game situation that has arisen on the field, which creates the basis for its further analysis. ,
The player will be able to single out the essential elements of the game situation that decide its further development only when he fully represents the overall picture of the situation. Based on the analysis of these elements, the player characterizes the game situation and includes it in a group of situations of a certain type. This classification makes it easier for the player to make a decision, as it gives him the opportunity to apply the experience and knowledge gained during previous training.
The ability to choose effective solutions, taking into account all the features of the game situation, is one of the most important factors of tactical skill. The higher the level of tactical skill of the player, the better and more creatively the player is able to choose solutions to game situations.
The beginner does not see decisive elements in the game, his attention, as we have already noted, is attracted by phenomena that catch the eye, but are not essential for the course of the game. As a result, the beginner cannot correctly understand the situation and determine its further development. The solution chosen by him often does not bring the desired effect. The cause of such tactical errors, apart from not enough developed ability perceive all the subtleties of game situations, is also a lack of knowledge and experience.
When a player, after a certain period of training, accumulates special knowledge and experience, learns to distinguish the main elements from the secondary ones, the whole process of analyzing the game situation and choosing its solution will proceed much more perfectly. The characterization and classification of the game situation will become more correct and accurate. The knowledge and experience gained in previous trainings will help in choosing the most appropriate way to solve the situation. The process itself often proceeds already on the basis of analogy.

The player chooses a particular solution because it has been successful in the past under similar conditions.
However, despite the desire to use the acquired knowledge and experience, sometimes the player cannot adapt the chosen solution to a specific game situation. Thus, of course, the effect of such a decision is to a certain extent reduced. In addition, at this stage there are also such situations, the characterization and classification of which is difficult. This usually happens with new situations that occur quite rarely during the game. Their solution is sometimes unsuccessful, since the player cannot choose a solution by analogy without having sufficient experience.
Only when the player has become able to perceive all the elements of game situations, when he already has the appropriate knowledge and experience, can practically solve a number of game situations that are most often encountered in the game, is he able to make a correct decision choice. The characterization and classification of game situations are carried out on the basis of differentiation of the details of understanding of all interconnections and relationships. Therefore, the choice of a successful solution that meets all the subtleties of a given situation, of course, cannot be only an analogy. This is a complex creative process that requires the player to pay close attention to all the features of a particular situation. Such a solution is more perfect, more flexible, and thus more efficient.
The above descriptions of the choice of a solution to a particular game situation do not, of course, correspond to the individual stages of the learning process, they are characteristic of "players who are tactically well prepared, who can simultaneously perform the most diverse combinations in interaction.
In addition, the process of choosing a solution may not proceed in the same way for the same player. In most cases, the choice of a decision is carried out directly by the choice of one or another action adapted to the specific conditions of the situation. But there are cases in the game when players choose a solution only in general terms and only later specify it with certain tactical actions. This, of course, depends on the complexity of the tactical task to be solved.
The foregoing shows that the analysis of a game situation and the choice of its solution are a set of complex mental processes. Their effectiveness depends primarily on the quality of perception, the available stock of theoretical knowledge and practical experience gained in the process of training sessions, as well as on the ability to creatively apply the above factors.
The implementation of the decision is expressed in the player's motor activity. In order for a player not to be limited in his creative motor activity, he must be proficient in a number of special motor skills, the number of which either narrows or expands his tactical possibilities. These motor skills represent fairly complex actions, such as dribbling, dribbles, passes, shots on goal, covering a player with and without the ball, tackling the ball, etc. Each action has a fairly large number of options in the game. An action or its variant is essentially a chain of motor acts that are closely interconnected and condition each other. A characteristic feature inherent in motor skills is their great adaptability and mobility.
A football master must master the technique of actions and their variants to perfection, since only in this case can he “free himself” from self-control over the applied action and focus his main attention on solving the tactical task facing him. Only under the condition of full automation of individual motor skills can the player fully use the available tactical possibilities.
During the game, players use complex motor actions not only in the form in which they were studied and consolidated, but also in combinations, as the chosen solution may require. Therefore, it is necessary that players improve their technique in the constantly changing conditions of the game.

Physiological basis of tactics
The game in its essence is a specific environment, to the impact of which the players respond with a motor reaction. This reaction is based on complex mental processes that are of great importance in solving problems.
To determine the nature of these processes, we are helped by the objective laws of higher nervous activity, discovered and formulated by the great Russian physiologists Sechenov and Pavlov. These regularities also reveal the interaction human body with its environment.
A large number of stimuli constantly enter the cerebral cortex of the players, through which the central nervous system gets acquainted with everything that happens in the external environment. At first the organism of the players copes with these, often very complex, complexes of irritations with great difficulty, and only after some time their "processing" becomes more perfect. The reason lies in the body's ability to analyze complex complexes of stimuli, group them by type and quantity, combine them and create new complexes. Repeated exposure to environmental factors over a long period of time causes the emergence of various functional changes in the body, which together are manifested by an improved response to specific external stimuli. These changes concern both the central nervous system, and peripheral organs, but the leading role in these processes always belongs to the central nervous system.
A certain number of game situations, as we found by filming a number of football matches, are repeated with some changes during the game. For the body, they represent fairly stable complexes of external stimuli, which Pavlov called external stereotypes. Under the long-term influence of external stimuli, new complexes of conditional connections are formed in the central nervous system. Gradually gaining a foothold, certain systems of connections are formed, which are functional basis players' reactions to external stereotypes corresponding to them. The creation of entire systems of conditioned reflexes is also possible with a certain variability of external stereotypes due to the body's ability to register new stimuli and "by similarity", as Sechenov argued. This fact is, from our point of view, of great importance. It helps explain the relationship between the player's central nervous system and the game's changing environment. This connection between the player's body and the external environment (game) in the process of training is constantly improving, the unity between the body and the external environment is constantly being strengthened. The result of this process is an increased ability for the player to more accurately analyze external stimuli and respond to them in the most efficient way.
The basis of this physiological process is the consolidation of individual conditioned reflexes, connection in a large chain and fine functional coordination. Under the repeated influence of external stereotypes, dynamic stereotypes gradually arise in the central nervous system, reflecting all the features of the external environment. It can be assumed that the dynamic stereotypes that arise during the game contribute to the extreme variability and adaptability of players in their gaming activities.
The concept of "dynamic stereotype" should include all aspects of the player's activity, including tactical ones. This idea was expressed in one of his articles by A. N. Krestovnikov.
An important component of tactical skill is the ability to find a solution to such situations, which the player met very rarely in the game. This ability depends on the ability to combine, "create" new forms of action on the basis of action elements that have already been mastered in advance. The simplest manifestation of choice is switching from one action to another. Even this elementary form in its result speeds up the selection process. The next stage in the development of creative abilities can be considered the ability to choose more effective action of two or more possibilities. Creating new creative combinations based on old, pre-learned actions is the most perfect manifestation of the player's creative abilities.
The acquisition of these qualities is extremely important for the player, since it is they that help the rapid adaptation of stereotyped actions to changed environmental conditions and contribute to the correct response to these changes by appropriate combinations of stereotyped actions.
From this it is clear that creativity must be considered an important component of the tactical skill of players, and therefore, in the process of training, it must be constantly developed.
Summarizing the analysis of tactics from the point of view of its physiological foundations, we can say that tactics consist in the creative application of already mastered tactical skills and abilities, in their creative combinations that meet the specific conditions of game situations. The creative nature of these processes depends on the level of development of special abilities, on the degree of mastery of tactical knowledge, skills and the development of the necessary skills.
What are special abilities? By this we mean the ability to:
a) see during the entire time of the game a large
part of the field;
b) correctly determine the distance between the players
in width and depth;
c) to distribute attention simultaneously to several
moving players;
d) switch attention from one activity to another
other;
e) control their own movements during work
with a ball, etc.
In parallel with the development of creative abilities, the player must study the theory of game tactics. The circle of tactical knowledge includes, first of all, the mastery of individual means of tactics, i.e., the tactics of an individual action in the specific conditions of the game. Further, the player must know the main systems of the game and their most important variants, the tasks of the players in individual places in the team, as well as the interaction of the team’s links in specific (including standard ones - the beginning of the game, free kick, free kick and other) phases of the game: for example, when starting attacks from one's own goal, transition from defense to attack, when one's own attack on the enemy's goal, transition from attack to defense, while defending one's own goal.
The influence of objective conditions on the course of the game and the possibility of using weather (wind, sun, rain), soil (grass, sand, hard ground), field sizes (small, large, narrow, wide, long, etc.) are also the subject of study .
Along with the development of special abilities in the process of studying the theory of tactics, the player improves the following skills:
a) correctly identify the main elements of the game
situations;
b) predict the actions of partners and opponents;
c) provide for the further development of the situation;
d) to choose from several solutions the most appropriate
different;
e) choose the most profitable actions for the implementation
decision making;
f) generalize own and other people's experience and apply it in future activities.
All of the above components of tactics are manifested through tactical skills, which together represent the expedient activity of each individual player (individual or collective) in attack and defense.

Tactics training
The pedagogical process of teaching tactics aims to give the novice football player knowledge, formulate skills, consolidate skills, develop qualities that would contribute to his successful activity in the constantly changing conditions of the game.
The learning process contains the following three mutually and closely related components:
a) mastering special knowledge on tactics;
b) mastering special skills and abilities -
individual and collective tactical actions
actions;
c) development of creative abilities.
In the process of teaching tactics, these components form a single indivisible whole. Their combined action in the right proportion creates the basis for the complex creative activity of the player - tactical skill.

Assimilation of special knowledge on tactics
Mastering the theory of tactics is of great importance for the growth and improvement of tactical skills. By the concept of "theory of tactics" we mean the totality of special knowledge that is a necessary condition for the expedient activity of a player on the field. This knowledge is included in every action of the player. They are constantly supplemented and refined in the process of training. The formation of tactical skills and abilities with their help is significantly accelerated and qualitatively improved.
Theoretical knowledge helps the player to correctly navigate in difficult game situations that arise in practical conditions. wrestling, analyze them, evaluate possible solutions and choose the most effective of them. The sum of the player's knowledge, tested and refined during the game, is what we call experience. Ability to gain experience and reuse it develops and improves in the process of training. This is hardly the most an important part tactical skill.
Training in the theory of tactics is carried out in two directions.
First, the players are taught special theory; they must master a certain amount of knowledge necessary to successfully play the game. This includes knowledge of the rules, the game system, individual phases of the game, solutions to typical game situations (including standard ones), knowledge of the impact of objective conditions on the course of the game (rain, snow, sun, wind, field size, soil quality), etc. All this The player must account for every action at any point in the game. This means that the player must creatively apply the acquired knowledge in a wide variety of competitive conditions. The influence of knowledge on the game process with the growth of tactical skill is constantly increasing. As a result, the game is played thoughtfully, meaningfully and effectively.
And secondly, the students are explained and justified the technique and tactics of individual actions in various options and show them in action. The player gets acquainted with the advantages and disadvantages of individual actions or their options, realizes in what situation the use of one or another option is beneficial and for what reason. This not only speeds up the learning process, but also improves its quality.
Both directions in the learning process are mutually intertwined, complement each other and form a single whole.
Beginner training begins with an explanation of the basic rules of the game of football, the practical mastery of which continues during training games. After mastering the rules, students get acquainted with the systems of the game. The coach should explain in detail and intelligibly to the students about the distribution of responsibilities within the team and describe the tasks of individual players arising from their functions. When working with young people, it is recommended to describe the main tasks of individual players in a team in a specialized and specific way: build explanations on the actions of a specific player who will play in a given place. This will be the first step towards the specialization of players from the very beginning of training. The fact is that football players who play for a certain time in one place in the team understand the tasks assigned to them better and perform them better. After some time, players should be rearranged so that, playing in new places, they get acquainted and master the functions of other players. Thus, the players will get a correct and complete picture of the game of each partner, they will better understand their own tasks within the framework of the game of the whole team.
At the next stage of training, a detailed analysis of the individual phases of the game is carried out. It is most convenient to accompany such an analysis with criticism of the specific shortcomings that the players made in the recent competition.
In children's teams, we recommend using a consistent analysis of the beginning of the attack, the transition from defense to attack, and the attack itself. Only after the analysis and practical mastery of the listed phases of the game, it is advisable to start analyzing and teaching the game of defense. The rationale for the proposed sequence is the fact that the beginning of the attack presents some difficulty for children due to their technical and physical capabilities. Therefore, it seems to us methodologically correct to begin teaching the players a few basic combinations with which they would be able to pass the ball to their attackers. Teaching further phases of the attack without simultaneously improving the defense is also important because the attackers learn to exploit the errors of the defenders and can therefore operate more freely.
After analyzing the phases of the game, one can proceed to the study of theoretical solutions to tactical problems of varying difficulty. It is also useful to link this stage with the analysis of violations of the rules of the game, non-fulfillment of the tactical plan, and discussion of the mistakes that took place in the past competition.
Teaching a special theory of game tactics is combined here with an explanation and a visual demonstration of individual tactical actions. Thus, in training, the unity of theory and practice is achieved.
In the learning process, it is recommended to use as many visual aids as possible. Demonstration of short films about meetings of high-class teams brings undoubted benefit. Such classes arouse interest among students, contribute to the expansion of their knowledge and experience.
A portable school board, on which the coach can depict various game positions and their tactical solutions in the form of diagrams, drawings, is also a good helper, increasing the effectiveness of teaching football tactics theory to beginners.
The most important collective form of learning is special talks on theory, which last from 30 to 60 minutes. This form of training, especially when working with children, is the most difficult and therefore requires careful preparation from the trainer. Maintaining children's interest in classes is an important condition for the success of education. Therefore, we recommend connecting special classes on theory with a demonstration of films or conversations with outstanding athletes - masters of football.
Such a topic for classes has fully justified itself - the preparation of a tactical game plan. She should devote about 20 to 30 minutes before each meeting. A tactical plan, developed on the basis of the collected information about the enemy and experience, past meetings and training, should always contain something new. It is important that all players actively participate in the preparation of the tactical plan. Experience shows that if, at the end of the preparation of a tactical plan, all the players once again repeat their main tasks outlined in the plan, then the players' interest in the upcoming meeting increases significantly and their conscious attitude to the adopted tactical plan deepens.
A break during the team competition should be used for a short analysis of the first half and for determining the tactics of the game in the second half.
The discussion of the last meeting should not be postponed for a long time. Identification and comradely criticism of shortcomings in the game of individual players, units and the entire team under the fresh impression of the competition that has just ended will give the lesson a lively character. From each discussion, it is necessary to draw specific conclusions, which should be advised to students to take into account in further training and performances on the field.
The value of theory in the process of teaching game tactics is often underestimated. Many coaches forget that deep theoretical knowledge of tactics is one of the important components of tactical mastery.

Training in basic individual and collective tactical actions
Perfect mastery of individual and collective tactical actions is the main condition for the tactical mastery of the players. It is determined by the level of their previous physical and technical training. The higher the level of preparedness of the players, the faster and easier the entire process of learning tactical actions will proceed.
The process of teaching motor skills for the implementation of tactical actions consists of familiarization with the action, teaching it, eliminating possible errors and consolidating the learned action.
Familiarization with the studied action occurs through explanation and demonstration. The task is to create the most complete picture of the action, its tactical application and possible ei "o options during the game.
The explanation should contain a description of the action from the point of view of its application in the game, a description of the technical side and also a description of its most important options. Each of the options must be justified in order for the player to understand the most favorable conditions for its use. The explanation is complemented by a demonstration of the action. The display aims to clearly emphasize the most characteristic aspects of tactical action in connection with its use in typical game situations. In many cases, it is useful to repeatedly repeat the demonstration of the action being studied in order to analyze it in even more detail and in depth.
The training itself consists of three main phases:
a) learning the technique of action and its application in pro
quiet game situations;
b) learning to choose a variant of the same action;
c) learning to choose the most profitable solution for
assigned tactical task.
In the first phase, individual aspects (details) of a tactical action are first studied through special preparatory exercises, i.e., the physical, technical, and moral-volitional qualities of an athlete are improved, which are necessary for the implementation of the action. When all sides (details) of a tactical action are sufficiently mastered, one can proceed to teaching tactical action as a whole with the help of game exercises, in which, if possible, the conditions of a real game are preserved. In such exercises, the "opponent" is included at first passive, which then gradually becomes more and more active.
The second phase of learning - the choice of an action option begins from the moment when the players have mastered two or more options for the same tactical action. The purpose of this phase is to teach the player the ability to choose a profitable option for tactical action based on an independent assessment of the situation. The player learns to evaluate not only the decisive elements, but also the small details that influence the choice of one or another option. An important role in this phase is played by the opponent, whose activities are foreseen and directed by the coach in such a way as to force the players to choose one or another tactical action. During this phase, players learn to combine the evaluation of simple game situations with the choice of solutions and the practical implementation of these decisions.
In the third phase, the player's actions must meet all the requirements of a normal game. To teach the player to choose from several possible solutions one that will ensure a quick and convincing victory over the enemy is the task of this phase of training. By this time, of course, the player must already have a good command of all the basic tactical actions and their variants, quickly analyze emerging tactical situations, highlight their essential elements, be able to combine movements and create new actions in response to changed game conditions.
At practical training This phase uses a variety of game exercises And preparation games.
In teaching children the tactics of playing football, preparatory games occupy a special place, because they are not only a means of intensive training and improvement of tactical thinking, but also have a great educational value (elements of competition, emotionality, etc.).
However, the most important means of teaching tactics is, of course, the game itself. It is she who develops the correct tactical thinking. But the coach must lead the game, not allow the game to proceed spontaneously. Disorganization and spontaneity leads to the emergence of serious shortcomings and their consolidation. In the game, the players learn to act independently and effectively, already without the intervention of the coach.
Errors encountered when teaching tactics may be the result, for example, of poor orientation in the game due to insufficiently developed peripheral vision, the player's limited ability to solve a specific tactical situation, due to a lack of theoretical knowledge, etc. It is necessary to find the true causes of errors and take steps to address them quickly.
Deficiencies and errors associated with technical, physical and moral-volitional training are eliminated with the help of special exercises, which are best carried out in isolation from the game.

Consolidation of the studied action is carried out by repeated repetition in the conditions of the game. To do this, we need to strive to ensure that young people play as often as possible.

Development of creative abilities
During training, in parallel with mastering and improving special tactical skills and abilities, certain abilities are also developed that help the player to act expediently during the game. These abilities, which we call creative, or combinational, make it easier for players to navigate the field, correctly and quickly analyze the current game situation and accurately respond to it. Thanks to these abilities, the player can appropriately apply the acquired skills and abilities in the game.
Creativity can be roughly divided into two groups:
a) the ability to navigate the field;
b) the ability to quickly and correctly respond to
game situations.
The basis of correct orientation on the field is developed peripheral and deep vision. It helps players to determine, for example, the distance between players, between players and the ball, to capture the speed of the players and the ball, and to perceive other essential elements of game situations.
Developed peripheral and deep vision gives players the opportunity to see a vast area of ​​the field during the entire game, observe the movements of two or more players at the same time and switch their attention from one action to another, which are currently the most important.
The ability to quickly and accurately respond to game situations depends on the ability to identify the essential elements of the situation, classify them, provide for the further development of the situation (i.e., anticipate the activities of partners) and, based on this, choose the best solution.
Creativity can be developed and improved through a series of special exercises that the trainer should include in training sessions. The content of these exercises in classes with children, of course, should correspond to the physical and mental capabilities of the young organism.
Exercises must be associated with the tasks of individual stages of training. So, for example, in the preparatory period, various attention exercises should be included: players should perform one or another easy action (sit down, lie down, crouch, turn around, bend down, take a start, etc.) to visual and sound signals. The element of competition gives these exercises the right intensity, affects the players and emotionally. In-competition, exercises on the field are used that approximate the conditions of the game, such as exercises related to mastering the ball. In some drills the coach may be the central figure, in others the players themselves.
Creative abilities, the development of which is provided by a system of special exercises, contribute to the initiative, active and effective behavior of the players during the game. Thus, they are an important condition for the tactical skill of each player.

No person is born with innate football skills. To develop your strengths and strengthen weak sides It takes years of training. For example, a player may be very fast but not too strong, or he may be good at taking corners but not good at passing. However, with practice, the necessary skills gradually develop. If you do a series of daily useful exercises, then, in the end, you will become a very good football player.

Steps

Part 1

Ball handling skills

Practice taking the ball. Find a large wall in a secluded area to practice. It must be a brick or concrete wall. Kick the ball so that it hits the wall about 90 cm above the ground. On the bounce of the ball, lift your leg into the air. Make sure that after contact with the foot, the ball falls to the ground. Repeat this exercise over and over for 10 minutes a day.

• It is important not to kick the ball you are receiving. It is only necessary to raise the leg to the level where the trajectory of its flight should pass. Let the ball fly to your foot.
• After knocking the ball to the ground, put your foot on top of it so that it does not roll away.
• Start exercising close to the wall. With the growth of self-confidence, gradually retreat further. Complete the exercise when you are already nine meters from the wall.

Learn to kick the ball with your feet. Even the best players in football, it takes years to learn how to masterfully mint the ball. However, this good exercise in order to begin to confidently handle the ball and work out the coordination of visual images and body movements. Grab the ball from the bottom of your foot to keep it from falling. Raise your leg in the air and kick the ball up. Kick the falling ball from below with your other foot to launch it into the air again.

• The ball should be kicked with the central zone of the instep of the foot. Otherwise, the ball may fly in your face or fly away in the opposite direction. The goal is to keep the ball next to you at a distance of about 30 cm from your own body at all times.
• To prevent the ball from flying far, bend your kicking leg at the knee when you hit it. If you hit the ball with a straight leg, it will fly far away from you.
• Do this exercise for at least 10 minutes a day. It is quite normal if at first you hit the ball only once or twice. Keep working and your skills will improve. Try to get at least ten hits of the ball before finishing this exercise.

Take up dribbling. Find a flat, open field or area in your yard. Try to circle the ball around the entire perimeter of the field, lightly kicking it. Before pushing the ball with your foot, you must place it on the ball of your foot (not on your heel). After each push, the ball should fly away from the foot only 30-60 cm. Do this exercise for 10 minutes or until you have walked around the field with the ball several times.

• Despite the fact that football players can hit the ball with both feet, they usually have only one main shock leg. Most often, this is the leading foot, that is, the foot that corresponds to the predominant hand (right-handers use the right foot, and so on). This exercise will help you figure out which of your legs should be considered your main kicking leg.
• The non-dominant leg in most cases is used to support and balance the body. When dribbling, it is important that the non-dominant foot remains relatively close to the body, otherwise the ball can be sent much further forward than required.
• As you learn to dribble more confidently, try taking your eyes off the ball to look ahead. During dribbling, the eye will tend to the ball, but during the game it is necessary to look directly and around you. It's okay if at the beginning you accidentally glance at the ball while dribbling, gradually you will learn not to look at it.

Learn to change the trajectory of the ball. One dribbling from the left or right foot cannot dramatically change the trajectory of the ball, since for this it is necessary to work not only with the toe of the foot. This is where the side of the foot comes in handy. First, you should dribble the ball and walk with it for about 2.5 m. After increasing the speed, move a little further than the ball and lean on your leading foot. The ball rolling behind should hit it and ricochet in the direction you need.

• The direction in which the ball turns depends on how you place your foot. For example, if your right foot is leading, the ball must hit the inside of the foot (cheek) to turn left, or outside feet (Swede) to turn right. If the kicking foot is the left foot, then you will direct the ball to the left with the Swede, and to the right with the cheek.
• If you only want to slightly change the trajectory of the ball, just put your kicking foot on the ground and don't move it. But if you need to significantly change the direction of the ball, swing your foot towards the ball to give it extra momentum in the direction it needs to turn.

Practice circling the ball around obstacles. Prepare a set of cones and arrange them in a row at a distance of about 90 cm from each other. With the help of dribbling, start to dribble the ball around them. If the cone is to your left and your lead foot is on your right, gently kick the ball with the cheek of your right foot. The push must be strong enough to get the ball to the left of the next cone. If the obstacle is on your right and your kicking foot is right, push the ball with your Swedish foot. Try to make sure that after the push the ball is to the right of the next cone.

• For lefties, the instructions are the same, except that they should be used on opposite sides of the foot. For example, if the obstacle is on the left, push the ball with the Swede of your left foot. If the obstacle is on the right, push the ball with the cheek of your left foot.
• After you pass the entire line of cones, you can change their position. Try to arrange them in zigzags or randomly across the field.

Part 2

Expanding the Required Skills Set

Pass the ball to teammates. There are two main types of passes in football: overhand and underhand. The underpass is used most often and is performed over shorter distances. Your buddy should be positioned about 6m away from you facing you. A high-quality bottom pass is given with the cheek or swede of the leading foot, but not with the toe.

• Place your non-dominant foot thirty centimeters from the ball. Swing your main leg backwards with medium strength. Swing your leg towards the ball to hit it with the cheek of your main leg.
• Your goal is to pass the ball to a teammate without him starting to jump. The ball should roll on the ground to your friend.
• Practice passes back and forth. Do this for 10-15 minutes daily. Make sure to direct the ball strictly to a teammate, as accuracy is needed during the game. Gradually, you can increase the distance from which you pass (from 6 m up to 12 m).

Learn to throw longer passes. As mentioned, another type of pass is the overhand pass. They are required when the teammate receiving the ball is 15m or more away from you. To pass the pass from above, you need to hit the ball with the instep of the foot. Position a teammate at least 15m away from you facing you. Step back some distance from the ball to run up and give the ball more momentum to complete the pass.

• As you run up to the ball, place your non-dominant foot next to it, as you would with a low pass. Swing your lead leg forward with full force.
• Make sure that the ball is kicked by lifting the foot directly behind the toes. This will give the ball the maximum angle of flight and give the necessary momentum required to lift the ball off the ground and launch it far forward.
• Keep working on the power of the top pass. You won't always need the full power of your shot to make a pass. Try to be as precise as possible. Continue practicing riding passes with a friend for at least 10 minutes a day.

Learn how to get the ball away from the defender. During a match, a defender from the opposing team may approach you to put pressure on you and take the ball away. To prepare for such situations, enlist a friend to work with him in pairs. Start with normal dribbling in an open field. A friend should approach you and begin to accompany your run. The goal of a friend is to take the ball away from you, and your goal is to keep the ball at all costs.

• To learn how to do this in the best way, you should properly position your body. If the defender approaches from the left, move the body to the same side to block the opponent.
• You can also use your elbows to slightly push your opponent out of your way. However, you should not show excessive aggression, otherwise you may be shown a yellow card.
• Work out a distance of about 6-9 m in the above way. Then you can switch roles with a friend to get a feel for the game both in defense and in attack.

Learn to take corners. When the ball goes out of bounds over the goal line from the foot of a player of the defending team, a corner kick is awarded and taken by the attacking team. The purpose of a corner kick is to direct the ball towards the opponent's goal. The ball is placed in the corner of the field closest to where it went out of bounds. If you're just practicing, any angle can be used. Move at least three steps away from the ball so you have a chance to run.

• Run towards the ball. After gaining speed, place your left foot to the left of the ball (for right-handers) and swing your right foot with full force.
• When you hit the ball, do it with the upper cheek of the right foot. So you increase the arc along which the ball will fly to the goal.
• Repeat corner kicks over and over until you find the power you need to get the ball back the right distance. Put a comrade at the gate so that he tries to score a goal by throwing the ball off his head, or simply takes it and kicks it into the goal with a kick.

Practice your shots on goal. While there is no real substitute for a real fight at the goal to practice goal-scoring skills, there are a number of useful exercises to practice on your own or work with a friend. Stand 11m from the goal (penalty distance). To shoot at the goal, use the pass technique from above, but just do not pass to the goalkeeper. Step back from the ball to gain speed and power to hit.

• Run towards the ball. Place your non-dominant foot on the side of the ball. Swing back with your main leg with full force. At the moment of hitting the ball on the reverse movement of the foot, you should touch it with the instep of the foot directly behind the toes.
• Try to choose a specific area of ​​the goal where you want to hit the ball. Try hitting the ball three times in succession at this point before moving on to hitting another area of ​​the goal. To make the situation more realistic, put a friend in the goal to act as a goalkeeper.
• Place the ball on different parts of the field. Vary the force of your shot on the ball depending on how far from the goal you are.

Part 3

Improving gaming skills

1. Practice hitting your head. Headbutts are usually used when it is necessary to take a corner. To practice heading, place a friend about 3 meters away from you and ask him to throw the ball in an arc to your head with a throw from below. Start with a standing headbutt. Your feet should not leave the ground. Lean forward a little as the ball approaches you. And when the ball is very close, swing your head back and forth.

   • Hit the ball straight with your forehead. This should be done when the head is in the same plane with the body. In other words, don't hit the ball with your head if it's too far back or forward. The blow should be delivered when the head is in the normal upright position.
   • To perform a jump headbutt, you must do the same, with one exception - you must first jump. Lean your body back as you jump. Move your head slightly forward to receive the ball on it. Hit the ball with your forehead when the head is in a normal position in relation to the body, and you yourself will be at the highest point of the jump.
   • Perform headbutts while standing and jumping for 10 minutes. It is very important not to overdo it with headbutts, so as not to get a concussion over time.

2. Use the shoulder feint during the match. This is probably the easiest move to do, yet amazingly powerful. Dribble the ball about 3-6 meters forward. As you approach the opponent's defender, tilt your shoulders to the left, as if you are going to move in that direction. Then rotate the ball's trajectory 45 degrees to the right with your right foot Swede.

   • Instead of kicking the ball, hit it with the cheek of your main foot to the side behind the leg you are standing on (the non-dominant leg).
   • Rotate clockwise or counterclockwise (depending on which foot you have a shock). Find the ball visually and continue dribbling in the other direction.
   • For practice, enlist a friend to try to play the role of the opposing team's defender. Keep the feint under wraps and see if you can fool your friend. Remember that this feint only works when the defender is in front of you, otherwise the ball will go directly to the opponent if he is behind you.

3. Master the scissors feint. By analogy with the Cruyff turn, this feint should take the enemy by surprise. To practice the feint, dribble the ball forward about 6-9 meters, gaining speed and strength. Place your left foot about 30 cm to the left of the ball. Swing your right foot as if you are going to hit the ball. Returning the right leg back, circle it clockwise around the ball without touching it.

   • After completing the arc, place your right foot to the right of the ball. Raise your left leg and kick the ball to the left.
   • To make your opponent think you're heading to the right, feint with your right foot and kick with your left. To make your opponent think you're moving to the left, feint with your left foot and kick with your right.
   • You can also resort to the “double scissors” feint. In this case, first a deceptive movement is made with the right foot, and then with the left. After a couple of deceptive movements around the ball, the left foot is placed on the ground and the ball is kicked to the right with the right foot.

4. Use Zico's Feint during a match. This movement allows you to fool the opponent's defender and effectively bypass him. Dribble forward 3-6m to gain speed. Place your right foot to the right of the ball at a distance of about 30 cm from it. Then lift your left foot and lightly kick the ball from your right side with the outer edge of your left foot (both feet will now be to the right of the ball).

   • Continue to control the ball with your left foot while turning your body counterclockwise along with your right foot.
   • After completing a 360-degree turn and still controlling the ball with your left foot, continue dribbling. The opponent will be confused and deceived by the fact that you went in a completely different direction.
   • This feint can be performed in a mirror image. Just put your left foot next to the ball and control it with your right foot. Rotate your body and left leg clockwise 360 ​​degrees. Then continue dribbling.

• Run on the balls of your feet to increase your running speed.
• Practice with your friends, and also arrange small football matches with them.
• Before training and games, be sure to stretch.
• If there are too many opposing players in front of you, pass back to your teammates.
• Be a team player and pass the ball to another player on your team if he is in the best position to score a goal.
• Eat a banana before playing so you don't get cramps while playing. Evenly distribute the load during the game, so as not to provoke convulsions and not to knock out your breath.

Warnings

• When heading, put your forehead under the ball, not the top of your head. Regular blows to the head for a long period of time lead to microconcussions and disrupt the chemical processes of the brain.
• Always keep an eye on the water balance if you do not want to suddenly pass out. In an emergency, call an ambulance immediately.
• Be aware of your surroundings so you don't accidentally kick the ball at another player.

Almost every boy dreams of learning how to play football well. After all, this exciting game includes not only excellent physical fitness, but excitement and accuracy, speed and excellent coordination of movements, dexterity and the joy of victory.

And what dad does not dream that his son feels and shares with him the joy of this wonderful game, in a hurry to teach him all the intricacies of this sport. When to start learning to play football? Some teachers argue that a year and a half is quite the right age. But, nevertheless, you should not rush, because all children develop differently, it should be borne in mind that the instability of the baby’s gait disappears only by the age of three, therefore, the inevitable falls will be quite frequent, and the coordination of movements in a one and a half year old baby is still not sufficiently developed. Therefore, ball training is necessary, and you can play football when the baby grows up a little, at 2.5 years old.

You can practice both at home and on the football field on the grass, but in any case, equipment is necessary: ​​a helmet is desirable, elbow and knee pads are needed to avoid bruises and injuries during falls. Choose a suitable ball, it should not be very heavy, inflated to elasticity, not soft, but not very hard. In order not to constantly run after the ball, tie a rope attached to the stick to it.

The task of the baby at the initial stage is to learn how to hit the ball in front of him. First, the child tries to hit the ball with his foot while standing in front of a motionless ball. Dad must show how to do it right. Having mastered this exercise, you can learn to hit the ball with a running start. Also explain that playing football is not about cleaning the sewers and you cannot win by force alone.

The young football player will like it very much when they show him the goalkeeper's serve of the ball. You need to take the ball in your hands and knock it out with your knee or foot. The impact must be strong enough for the ball to fly far enough. It will take practice, but soon everything will work out.

You also need to learn how to fall, trying to hit the ball with your foot. It is best to work it out on a mat or on a thick grass surface. This is very difficult exercise for a small child, but there is still a long way to go before entering the field in a group game, so nothing will interfere with training.

You can get acquainted with the rules of the game during training, explain to the child why there is an attacker, a defender on the field, which means a free kick. Show how real football players dribble, introduce him to this technique. This exercise baby can learn on his own when Main coach at work.

When you work out the learned tricks with your child, be sure to give the baby the opportunity to both stand at the gate and be an attacker. Agree on how many times you hit the ball, and how many the kid. Consider his wishes, agree with him, and in case of refusal, argue.

Teach the baby to hit the ball with his head, stuff it, practice hitting with his heel. Teach your baby to hit the ball on the target, for example, in plastic bottle or skittles. Work out the elements together, give the child tasks and remember that doing this sport with dad is not only a wonderful physical training for your baby, but also strengthening the relationship of a father with his child, which is priceless for a parent.

About the author: Kachan Alexander Ivanovich - 56 years old. Coach - teacher of the football department of the Annenki Youth Sports School, Kaluga, teacher physical culture MBOU secondary school No. 41, who in the past played for many years in the teams of masters in Kaluga, the owner of the "Millions Cup" Soviet Union among production teams, twice winner of the Cup of the RSFSR among the KFK., repeated winner among the teams of masters of the 2nd league of Soviet football.

Previously, boys came to football with 5-6 years of street football experience, and training began on the basis of original motor and game skills acquired on the street. Now, training has to start from a very early age and practically from scratch. Such comparisons give enough grounds to make sure that the level of the physical and, especially, game development boys of past years was significantly higher than the current generation.

Modern football is both fast and strong, and it is the result of continuous development from the simple to the complex, from the known to the unknown. As difficult as the exercise is, it eventually becomes accessible and easy through gradual and consistent learning. And from the complex there is only one way - to the even more complex. Genius is always simple.

Children's profession football coach multifaceted. He is a teacher and educator, researcher and experimenter, a master of his craft not only by profession, but by vocation. If a child does not have or lacks football knowledge, the trouble is small. Knowledge is acquired. If there are no natural abilities, the difficulty is irreparable. It is very important to define these abilities in early age child. Then there will be more time for their development and, accordingly, the results of your work and the work of the child will be evident.

Symbolically, five commandments of a children's football coach can be identified.

1. Football is a game. Therefore, the lesson children's football should be like a game.

2. Talent is something that cannot be taught. Therefore, education should begin not with training, but with the development of natural data.

3.Heritage determines the potential, and the environment determines how these opportunities can be realized.

4. Football is one of the most difficult sports to learn. It is impossible to teach to play with the help of exercises alone. Exercise is theory, game-practice.

5. The identity of each boy is an expression of his unique features, which is precisely what is valued in the game.

The work of a children's trainer begins with selection, and even more often with recruitment, and already in the process of training, the trainer decides which components and factors need to be paid attention to. Long-term observations and practical experience have shown that the selection should be based not on the acquired, but primarily on the psychophysiological characteristics of the child. What natural qualities should a boy have in order to learn how to play football? At the initial stage, the criterion that determines game thinking should be at the forefront.

The English professor G. Aizenkov, the creator of tests for determining intellectual development, wrote in his book “Check Your Abilities”: “We can say that under mental faculties we understand that innate property of the nervous system, which allows one person to think, to solve intellectual problems better than another.

Set method in football section or in football school should be playable. If in the game the boy shows a tendency to play at the interception, play without the ball, make timely safety nets, make decisions before receiving the ball, then he most likely has the ability to develop game thinking.

Selection stages.

At present, they use to a greater extent the recruitment of children in initial groups training from a very early age (5-6 years) and then in the process of training, the selection of the most promising children at first glance is carried out. But one can judge talent only in the process of observing children or at some intuitive level. Life has shown more than once how the one who was weaker at first became stronger, and the one who was successful in the game was overtaken by the one who was lagging behind.

Development pace young football player depends not only on the quality of education, but also on innate data, the initial level of which is not the same for different boys. Meaning physical development child. At a certain age, physical development seems to be crucial in determining a child's ability as a football player, and here the main thing for the coach is not to make a mistake. He must determine the degree of ability of a child whose physical development is slightly delayed. How to do it?

There is a general scheme of selection criteria formulas, these are three indicators of the child's characteristics: Speed, Courage (or it is otherwise called fighting qualities) and thinking. There is also a feature-skill (i.e., the child already to some extent has the skills to play football, but as we decided earlier, the skill is acquired.

So, speed is an innate quality. Since modern football is high-speed, this quality is one of the main selection criteria. Courage or fighting qualities? Football is not only fast, but also power, martial arts go all over the football field, so this criterion is also of no small importance. And finally, thinking in modern football is also important. Conclusion: if a child has the makings of all these qualities, then he is accepted unconditionally. This is the perfect formula. What if one of these qualities is missing? This is not a problem, of course, the child must be accepted and the missing quality must be worked on, developed to a greater extent. But if more than one is missing, very often the work is wasted. What can be attributed to the indicator is courage: if the boy rushes under the ball and does not turn his back, if, when approaching the opponent, he does not slow down and boldly goes to the butt, if he does not wait, but immediately enters into combat and makes the opponent make mistakes with his actions, if without hesitation, takes the initiative to dribble and shoot on goal. This is what fighting qualities are.

Indicators of playing abilities.

With the ball: 1. Tendency to stroke

2. Pass game

3. Non-standard, original actions.

Without a ball: 1. Choice of position

2.Insurance

3. Interception game, lead, finishing

4. Ability to open up

5. Decision of the action before receiving the ball.

There are also indicators of the so-called moral and volitional qualities - this is the systematic attendance, the stability of diligence. Content training process The first stage consists of two sections:

1. Game and development of physical qualities through exercises with the ball. The essence of these exercises is in the psychological effect that arises due to positive emotions from physical exercises with the ball. And this is very important in childhood and adolescence.

2. The essence of the methodology for developing original skills is in the independent implementation of the proposed exercises. There is no need to immediately correct or teach to perform certain motor actions. The technique of movements is, first of all, the repeated repetition of exercises. It is good if the child himself comes to the correct execution of the movement technique.

For the first year of study, the program is offered:

Name

Sep.Oct.Nb.Dec.Jan.Feb.MarchApr.MayJunJuly.Aug.

Theory Conversations:

Development of original skillsMotor dribbling

Transfers

Fiction Football on ¼ fields

Futsal in the hall

Handball with football elements

Outdoor games and relay races

Training duration - 60 minutes

A) special motor skills - 15 minutes

B) Playing skills - 40 minutes

C) Information about football and the rules of the game - 5 minutes

The basis of the technique of playing football is learning to dribble, hitting the ball in

Side of the goal, stopping the ball and passing. Since children come to football at a very early age, there is no need to talk about any playing skills. Everything starts from scratch and you need to give the exercises the simplest. But at the same time, children should learn from the very beginning that:

When dribbling: 1. You need to watch the ball with peripheral vision (children will understand faster when you tell them to look “out of the corner of your eye”)

2. When dribbling, touch the ball as often as possible.

3. You need to dribble with both the right and left foot.

When hitting: 1. You need to look at the ball, and mentally determine the trajectory of the ball.

2. It is necessary to strain the muscles of both the supporting leg and the kicking leg (the slightest relaxation of the muscle can lead to injury)

3. Hit the ball with the hardest part of the ankle joint, lifting (and for this you need to learn how to pull the toe of the foot)

When stopping: 1. You need to learn how to determine the trajectory of the ball.

2. When touching the ball, you need to learn not only to relax the muscles, but also to help with the yielding movement of a part of the body that dampens the speed of the flying ball.

3. You need to be able to stop the ball with all (except for the hands) parts of the body.

All techniques are acquired in the process of their repeated repetitions.

When dribbling, you need to move in a straight line, changing directions, in a circle, around yourself. To touch the ball by pulling the toe when you drive in a straight line. Touch the ball with the outer and inner side of the foot - when changing the direction of movement. Move with the ball, shifting it from foot to foot. Dribble around obstacles (racks, chips, opponent).

You can dribble alone, in pairs, in triples (while also making passes to each other).

Kicks are the most favorite exercise for beginner football players. There used to be such an expression "who hits the hardest, he plays the best." To some extent, this statement is not far from the truth. The one who masters this faster technique will have advantages both in passing and in scoring the opponent.

First you need to start teaching hitting a stationary ball, but the greatest learning effect is hitting a rolling ball. All the charm of playing football and the skills of the players themselves are in motion. Although in modern football, goals from set pieces have no less effect than goals from the field.

Football, like all other sports, has its own coordination of movements associated with a very frequent and abrupt change in direction. Therefore, special football movements, even without a ball, need to be taught from the very beginning and do it better in the form of games or relay races, there may be some kind of competition when the excitement wakes up in children and they show the greatest effort. At the same time, it is very useful to encourage them with praise, even if the child or his team at the moment turned out to be weaker than the opponent.

The game of football includes such concepts as: technical training, physical training, tactical training And psychological preparation. In the complex, these types of training are called the "school of a football player." In the initial stage of training (in groups of initial training) technical and physical training prevails to a greater extent than tactical and psychological training. Tactical tasks are mainly solved individually by each novice football player, and psychological preparation is carried out automatically directly in the game or competitive tournament. We have considered mainly the first two types of training. Group, tactical and psychological tasks are mastered at an older age.